Détermination de l’intérêt environnemental via l’analyse du cycle de vie du traitement des effluents organiques par méthanisation au regard des contraintes territoriales

Si la méthanisation est perçue comme une alternative aux énergies fossiles, il ne faut pas oublier que ses conséquences – positives ou négatives – varient beaucoup en fonction du contexte environnemental. L’analyse du cycle de vie menée sur un bassin versant breton les présente en fonction de différents critères et pose une question essentielle : à quelle échelle faut-il penser les impacts de la méthanisation

Stability of the Inventory-Backorder Process in the (R; S) Inventory/Production Model

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 60G52, 90B30.The aim of this paper is to obtain the sufficient conditions for the uniform ergodicity and the strong stability of the inventory-backorder process in a single-item, single location, (R; S) inventory/production model with limited capacity of production per period and uncertain demands. In this order some intermediate results are established and an overview about the main stability methods for stochastic processes and the performance measure in the inventory models are also considered

Some Martingale Relations For M/G/l Retrial Queue

In this paper we apply the martingale method due to Baccelli and Makowski for analysing the M/G/1 retrial queue. Using the recursive equation of the process embedded at depart epochs, we construct a discrete-time martingale stopped at the first passage time where the system becomes empty. We derive the stability condition and study the busy period of this system

Experimental design for copper cementation process in fixed bed reactor using two-level factorial design

AbstractThis work deals with cementation of copper onto iron grid in a fixed bed reactor. The influence of several parameters is studied, namely: initial concentration of copper [Cu2+]0, temperature and flow rate. Moreover, their influence on the copper cementation reaction is investigated statistically by the experimental design in view of industrial application. The estimation and the comparison of the parameter’s effects are realized by using two-level factorial design. The analysis of these effects permits to state that the most influential factor is initial concentration of copper [Cu2+]0 with an effect of (+2.4566), the second in the order is the temperature with an effect of (+0.18959), the third is the flow rate of the electrolytic solution with an effect of (−0.4226). The significance interactions found by the design of experiments are between initial concentrations of copper ions–flow rate (x1x3) with an effect (b13=+0.6965)

Power System Reliability: Mathematical Models and Applications

This chapter deals with power systems reliability including technical, economical, and decisional aspects. Knowing that almost 90% of failures occur in the distribution systems, great interest was dedicated to this part of the system, and the first work was oriented to reliability indices defined as objectives to attempt and as performance measures in the electricity market. Some works deal with the managers’ behavior, and the customers reactions are modeled using economic criteria in uncertain future and inspired from game theory. When studying components, degradation models were introduced and combined with the effects of socks to study the reliability changing during system operation. In some works, the correlation between maintenance policies and reliability aspects was highlighted. In a recent work, considering the importance of new technologies integration and renewable energy insertion to power systems, it was revealed that reliability aspects and energy sustainability are two fundamental issues of progress in a given society

A New Analytical Model for Calculating Elasticity in Cloud Computing

International audienceOne of the fundamental characteristics of Cloud Computing is its elasticity. It is about the ability to dynamically adapt computer resources consumption to workload while maintaining performance and quality of service. Most current industrial as well as academic solutions have limitations in terms of elasticity control, which affects the availability and performance of systems. In this paper, we propose a modeling of an elastic Cloud platform in terms of the markovian queuing model where the number of active servers depends on the current workload. A quantitative analysis of the steady state of our model allows to analyze and calculate the value of the elasticity in a precise way

Combining AHP Method with BOCR Merits to Analyze the Outcomes of Business Electricity Sustainability

Over the last three decades, many researchers and decision makers have investigated separately the issues of economic growth, profitability, and quality of life when thinking about business electricity sustainability. The correlations between these paradigms still remain at the stage of discussions, debates, and forecasts as a reaction to the occurred conflicts and disasters. There is a lack of real encryption that demonstrates their interactions. It is useful to materialize the expectations of stakeholders by mathematical modeling and providing answers to specific wants of each society according to its financial resources, its concrete societal objectives, especially to which kind of energy legacy it wants to contribute to future generations. It is imperative that experts assist decision makers, through transparent methods that seek consensus. To this end, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was proposed as it has proven its efficiency in many areas of human activities. The outcomes were analyzed using this method, and the findings were compared and recommendations were made using other multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) methods. As for energy sustainability, it is imperative to move toward renewable energy resources while trying to hold together the benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (BOCR). We have retained that status quo is not sustainable

A Simple PCR–RFLP Method for Genetic Phase Determination in Compound Heterozygotes

When susceptibility to diseases is caused by cis-effects of multiple alleles at adjacent polymorphic sites, it may be difficult to assess with confidence the genetic phase and identify individuals carrying the risk haplotype. Experimental assessment of genetic phase is still challenging and most population studies use statistical approaches to infer haplotypes given the observed genotypes. While these statistical approaches are powerful and have been proven very useful in large scale genetic population studies, they may be prone to errors in studies with small sample size, especially in the presence of compound heterozygotes. Here, we describe a simple and novel approach using the popular PCR–RFLP based strategy to assess the genetic phase in compound heterozygotes. We apply this method to two extensively studied SNPs in two clustered immune-related genes: The −308 (G > A) and the +252 (A > G) SNPs of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and the lymphotoxin alpha (LTA) genes, respectively. Using this method, we successfully determined the genetic phase of these two SNPs in known compound heterozygous individuals and in every sample tested. We show that the A allele of TNF −308 is carried on the same chromosome as the LTA +252(G) allele