37 research outputs found

    Impact des pseudo-fÚces de moules sur les densités des bactéries hétérotrophes dans le secteur mytilicole de la lagune de Bizerte (Tunisie)

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    Cette Ă©tude se propose de caractĂ©riser au niveau du secteur mytilicole de la lagune de Bizerte l’impact des pseudo-fĂšces de moules sur les densitĂ©s bactĂ©riennes, particuliĂšrement celles des Vibrionaceae et des bactĂ©ries hĂ©tĂ©rotrophes. Les prospections ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es en hiver 2000 et en Ă©tĂ© 2001 au niveau de 5 stations plus ou moins proches d’une table d’élevage, aussi bien dans la colonne d’eau que dans le sĂ©diment. Sous le parc, les sĂ©diments Ă©tant les plus fortement chargĂ©s en fraction fine (78-83%) et en carbone organique total (COT) (2,5%), les densitĂ©s microbiennes Ă©taient Ă©levĂ©es (1,82-2,83 ‱ 108 UFC/g de sĂ©diment pour les bactĂ©ries hĂ©tĂ©rotrophes et 2,50-17,32 ‱ 102 UFC/g pour les Vibrionaceae). Une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) montre une Ă©troite relation entre, d’une part, les concentrations bactĂ©riennes et, d’autre part, les teneurs en matiĂšre organique et plusieurs variables hydrologiques, particuliĂšrement la tempĂ©rature, la salinitĂ© et l’oxygĂšne dissous.This study aims to characterize the effect of high organic loads, produced by a mussel farm in the Bizerte Lagoon, on the distribution of bacterial densities of, especially, marine heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrionaceae in the water column and in the sediment. Five sites located along a distance gradient from the mussel breeding ground were surveyed during the winter of 2000 and the summer of 2001. Below the mussel farm, the sediment was characterized by high percentages of fine particles (78-83%) and total organic carbon (TOC; 2.5%). Furthermore, this station exhibited high bacterial densities, especially of heterotrophic flora (1.82-2.83 ‱ 108UFC/g) and Vibrionaceae (2.50-17.32 ‱ 102 UFC/g). Principal components analysis revealed a strong relationship among bacterial density, high organic loads and hydrological parameters, particularly temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen

    Annual activity cycle of bats in Bou-Hedma National Park (Tunisia)

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    La capture mensuelle des ChiroptĂšres dans six des principaux habitats du Parc National de Bou-Hedma sur une pĂ©riode de 26 mois a permis d’inventorier sept espĂšces, assez largement rĂ©pandues au Maghreb, Ă  l’exception de la saharienne Otonycteris hemprichii. Les bassins du Bordj et de Nouh sont les plus attractifs, surtout au dĂ©but de l’étĂ©, l’oued Bou-Hedma est beaucoup moins frĂ©quentĂ©, surtout en hiver. Aucune capture n’a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans la steppe et dans les forĂȘts claire et dense d’acacias, ce qui confirme l’attractivitĂ© des plans d’eau pour toutes les espĂšces dans la rĂ©gion mĂ©diterranĂ©enne. Une activitĂ© hivernale a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence et la pĂ©riode de reproduction de Pipistrellus kuhlii et Eptesicus isabellinus, qui correspond au pic de captures, a Ă©tĂ© prĂ©cisĂ©e.Bats were mist-netted in six main habitats of the Bou-Hedma National Park over two years. Most of the seven recorded species are widely distributed in northwestern Africa, except the Saharan Otonycteris hemprichii. Basins of Bordj and Nouh were the most attractive for bats, mainly in early summer. Oued Bou-Hedma was less attractive, particularly in winter. No bat was mist-netted in the steppe and the two types of Acacia forest, which supports the major role of water bodies in the Mediterranean area. Winter activity of bats was detected and tentatively quantified. Also informative is the fact that captures peaked when most Pipistrellus kuhlii and Eptesicus isabellinus were pregnant or lactating

    Allele-Specific HLA Loss and Immune Escape in Lung Cancer Evolution

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    Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer. Losing the ability to present neoantigens through human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loss may facilitate immune evasion. However, the polymorphic nature of the locus has precluded accurate HLA copy-number analysis. Here, we present loss of heterozygosity in human leukocyte antigen (LOHHLA), a computational tool to determine HLA allele-specific copy number from sequencing data. Using LOHHLA, we find that HLA LOH occurs in 40% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and is associated with a high subclonal neoantigen burden, APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis, upregulation of cytolytic activity, and PD-L1 positivity. The focal nature of HLA LOH alterations, their subclonal frequencies, enrichment in metastatic sites, and occurrence as parallel events suggests that HLA LOH is an immune escape mechanism that is subject to strong microenvironmental selection pressures later in tumor evolution. Characterizing HLA LOH with LOHHLA refines neoantigen prediction and may have implications for our understanding of resistance mechanisms and immunotherapeutic approaches targeting neoantigens. Video Abstract [Figure presented] Development of the bioinformatics tool LOHHLA allows precise measurement of allele-specific HLA copy number, improves the accuracy in neoantigen prediction, and uncovers insights into how immune escape contributes to tumor evolution in non-small-cell lung cancer

    Fc-Optimized Anti-CD25 Depletes Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells and Synergizes with PD-1 Blockade to Eradicate Established Tumors

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    CD25 is expressed at high levels on regulatory T (Treg) cells and was initially proposed as a target for cancer immunotherapy. However, anti-CD25 antibodies have displayed limited activity against established tumors. We demonstrated that CD25 expression is largely restricted to tumor-infiltrating Treg cells in mice and humans. While existing anti-CD25 antibodies were observed to deplete Treg cells in the periphery, upregulation of the inhibitory Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) IIb at the tumor site prevented intra-tumoral Treg cell depletion, which may underlie the lack of anti-tumor activity previously observed in pre-clinical models. Use of an anti-CD25 antibody with enhanced binding to activating FcγRs led to effective depletion of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells, increased effector to Treg cell ratios, and improved control of established tumors. Combination with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 antibodies promoted complete tumor rejection, demonstrating the relevance of CD25 as a therapeutic target and promising substrate for future combination approaches in immune-oncology

    Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution.

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    The early detection of relapse following primary surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer and the characterization of emerging subclones, which seed metastatic sites, might offer new therapeutic approaches for limiting tumour recurrence. The ability to track the evolutionary dynamics of early-stage lung cancer non-invasively in circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has not yet been demonstrated. Here we use a tumour-specific phylogenetic approach to profile the ctDNA of the first 100 TRACERx (Tracking Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Evolution Through Therapy (Rx)) study participants, including one patient who was also recruited to the PEACE (Posthumous Evaluation of Advanced Cancer Environment) post-mortem study. We identify independent predictors of ctDNA release and analyse the tumour-volume detection limit. Through blinded profiling of postoperative plasma, we observe evidence of adjuvant chemotherapy resistance and identify patients who are very likely to experience recurrence of their lung cancer. Finally, we show that phylogenetic ctDNA profiling tracks the subclonal nature of lung cancer relapse and metastasis, providing a new approach for ctDNA-driven therapeutic studies

    Comportement grégaire des cerfs de Barbarie (Cervus elaphus barbarus, Bennett, 1833) présents dans la réserve de MhebÚs (Tunisie)

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    From April 2004 to March 2005 the gregarious behaviour of Barbary deer (Cervus elaphus barbarus) kept in semi captivity in the Mhebes reserve (Tunisia) has been studied by mean of direct observations. The deer lives in groups of small size, composed frequently of 2 or 3 individuals reaching rarely 5 specimens. The group size varies seasonally ; principally in winter and spring the Barbary deer lives in group and matriarchal herds predominate. In summer, the frequency of solitary individuals is high in comparison to the low frequency of groups of males and mixed groups of males and females, whilst the females are grouped in small herds. The gregarious behaviour of Barbary deer in Mhebes results probably of low availability of herbaceous plants typical of the scrub habitat.La taille et la composition des groupes de cerfs de Barbarie, Cervus elaphus barbarus, en semicaptivitĂ© au niveau de la grande clairiĂšre de la rĂ©serve de MhebĂšs ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©es au moyen d’observations directes d’avril 2004 Ă  mars 2005. Il en ressort que les cerfs vivent dans des groupes de petite taille, composĂ©s le plus souvent de 2 Ă  3 individus et atteignant rarement 5 animaux. Le comportement grĂ©gaire varie selon les saisons ; c’est surtout en hiver et au printemps que les cerfs de Barbarie se regroupent. Les hardes femelles sont plus en vue que les groupes des mĂąles et des mixtes quelle que soit la saison. En Ă©tĂ©, il se produit un Ă©clatement des groupes (mĂąles et mixtes) se traduisant par une frĂ©quence accrue des solitaires. Le comportement grĂ©gaire du cervidĂ© Ă  MhebĂšs semble directement liĂ© Ă  l’importance du maquis Ă  l’origine d’une faible disponibilitĂ© des plantes herbacĂ©es.Oumani Abdoulaye, Aissa Patricia. Comportement grĂ©gaire des cerfs de Barbarie (Cervus elaphus barbarus, Bennett, 1833) prĂ©sents dans la rĂ©serve de MhebĂšs (Tunisie). In: Ecologia mediterranea, tome 33,2007. pp. 95-99

    Cycle annuel d’activitĂ© des ChiroptĂšres du Parc national de Bou-Hedma (Tunisie)

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    Annual activity cycle of bats in Bou-Hedma National Park (Tunisia). Bats were mist-netted in six main habitats of the Bou-Hedma National Park over two years. Most of the seven recorded species are widely distributed in northwestern Africa, except the Saharan Otonycteris hemprichii. Basins of Bordj and Nouh were the most attractive for bats, mainly in early summer. Oued Bou-Hedma was less attractive, particularly in winter. No bat was mist-netted in the steppe and the two types of Acacia forest, which supports the major role of water bodies in the Mediterranean area. Winter activity of bats was detected and tentatively quantified. Also informative is the fact that captures peaked when most Pipistrellus kuhlii and Eptesicus isabellinus were pregnant or lactating.La capture mensuelle des ChiroptĂšres dans six des principaux habitats du Parc National de Bou-Hedma sur une pĂ©riode de 26 mois a permis d’inventorier sept espĂšces, assez largement rĂ©pandues au Maghreb, Ă  l’exception de la saharienne Otonycteris hemprichii. Les bassins du Bordj et de Nouh sont les plus attractifs, surtout au dĂ©but de l’étĂ©, l’oued Bou-Hedma est beaucoup moins frĂ©quentĂ©, surtout en hiver. Aucune capture n’a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans la steppe et dans les forĂȘts claire et dense d’acacias, ce qui confirme l’attractivitĂ© des plans d’eau pour toutes les espĂšces dans la rĂ©gion mĂ©diterranĂ©enne. Une activitĂ© hivernale a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence et la pĂ©riode de reproduction de Pipistrellus kuhlii et Eptesicus isabellinus, qui correspond au pic de captures, a Ă©tĂ© prĂ©cisĂ©e.Dalhoumi Ridha, Aissa Patricia, Aulagnier StĂ©phane. Cycle annuel d’activitĂ© des ChiroptĂšres du Parc national de Bou-Hedma (Tunisie). In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 70, n°3, 2015. pp. 261-270

    Taxonomie et r\ue9partition des chiropt\ue8res de Tunisie

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    Volume: 118Start Page: 265End Page: 29

    Seasonal activity pattern and habitat use by the isabelline serotine bat (Eptesicus isabellinus) in an arid environment of Tunisia

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    The seasonal activity of the Isabelline serotine bat Eptesicus isabellinus was studied in eight habitats of the Bou Hedma National Park, central Tunisia. From June 2010 to June 2011 two techniques, mist-netting and echolocation call recording, were implemented. This bat species was captured throughout the year but only at water bodies and particularly at Nouh basin. Captures peaked in late spring-early summer, and declined in winter. Pregnant females were captured from April to June, and lactating females in May and June. Echolocation calls were recorded throughout the year, but not every month in all habitats. Most activity was reported at water bodies and street lamps. Activity peaked in late spring and early autumn, and declined during winter period. Terminal buzzes were mainly detected at basins, peaking in late spring-early summer and early autumn. Our study provided further insights on the importance of water bodies which should draw particular attention in the management plan of the national park and in the whole country

    Caractérisation des populations de Vibrionaceae dans la lagune de Bizerte (Tunisie)

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    La présente étude tente de caractériser les populations de Vibrionaceae présentes dans la lagune de Bizerte entre mai 1998 et mai 1999. Ce suivi annuel a été réalisé au niveau de 7 stations en considérant les compartiments aqueux, sédimentaire et biologique (palourdes et moules). L'isolement des Vibrionaceae sur milieu sélectif TCBS (thiosulfate - citrate - bile - sodium) a montré leur présence dans 66,92 % des échantillons analysés. Leur fréquence a été maximale dans les palourdes (76,92 %), les sédiments représentant le second site d'élection de ces micro-organismes (70,32 %). D'aprÚs l'étude intersite, les Vibrionaceae ont été, tous compartiments confondus, plus fréquemment isolées aux stations de l'oued Tindja (92,30 % des cas) et de Menzel Abderrahmen (82,05 %). Les concentrations de ces germes ont été généralement de l'ordre de 104 et de 106pour les maximales relevées à la station de l'oued Tindja.Quatre espÚces différentes ont été identifiées : Aeromonas hydrophila, nettement prédominante (82,24 % des souches isolées), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (10,68 %), Aeromonas sobria (4,58 %) et Vibrio vulnificus (2,2 %)
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