Lasten hyvinvoinnin tila kansallisten indikaattoreiden kuvaamana

Lasten hyvinvoinnin seuranta on yksi lapsiasiavaltuutetun keskeisimmistä tehtävistä. Tämä raportti tarkastelee lasten hyvinvointia YK:n lapsen oikeuksien yleissopimuksen mukaisesti jaotellun kuuden ulottuvuuden valossa. Nämä kuusi ulottuvuutta ovat materiaalinen elintaso, terveys, koulu ja oppiminen, perhe, vapaa-aika ja osallisuus sekä valtion ja kuntien tarjoama tuki ja suojelu. Tässä raportissa lasten hyvinvoinnin ulottuvuuksia on tarkasteltu 58 indikaattorin avulla. Indikaattoreita on arvioitu tiedon saatavuuden, käytettävyyden ja luotettavuuden näkökulmasta. Raportti sisältää myös toimenpidesuosituksia lasten hyvinvointitiedon seurantaan. Katsaus on toteutettu yhteistyössä Jyväskylän yliopiston kanssa. Sen taustalla on vuosia kestänyt yhteistyö opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön kanssa lasten ja nuorten hyvinvoinnin kansallisten indikaattoreiden kehittämiseksi

Physical activity from adolescence to young adulthood : patterns of change, and their associations with activity domains and sedentary time

BackgroundLongitudinal studies demonstrate an average decline in physical activity (PA) from adolescence to young adulthood. However, while some subgroups of adolescents decrease activity, others increase or maintain high or low activity. Activity domains may differ between subgroups (exhibiting different PA patterns), and they offer valuable information for targeted health promotion. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify PA patterns from adolescence to young adulthood; also to explore the associations of (i) changes in PA domains and in sedentary time, (ii) sociodemographic factors, and (iii) self-rated health with diverging PA patterns.MethodsThe observational cohort study data encompassed 254 adolescents at age 15 and age 19. K-means cluster analysis for longitudinal data was performed to identify participant clusters (patterns) based on their accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Logistic regressions were applied in further analysis.ResultsFive PA patterns were identified: inactivity maintainers (n=71), activity maintainers (n=70), decreasers from moderate (to low) PA (n=61), decreasers from high (to moderate) PA (n=32), and increasers (n=20).At age 15, participation in sports clubs (SC, 41-97%) and active commuting (AC, 47-75%) was common in all the patterns. By age 19, clear dropout from these activities was prevalent (SC participation mean 32%, AC 31-63%). Inactivity maintainers reported the lowest amount of weekly school physical education.Dropout from SC - in contrast to non-participation in SC - was associated with higher odds of being a decreaser from high PA, and with lower odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Maintained SC participation was associated with higher odds of belonging to the decreasers from high PA, and to the combined group of activity maintainers and increasers; also with lower odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Maintenance/adoption of AC was associated with decreased odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Self-reported health at age 19 was associated with the patterns of maintained activity and inactivity.ConclusionsPA patterns diverge over the transition to adulthood. Changes in SC participation and AC show different associations with diverging PA patterns. Hence, tailored PA promotion is recommended.Peer reviewe

Health promotion activities of sports clubs and coaches, and health and health behaviours in youth participating in sports clubs: the Health Promoting Sports Club study

Introduction: Sports clubs form a potential setting for health promotion, but the research is limited. The aim of the Health Promoting Sports Club (HPSC) study was to elucidate the current health promotion activities of youth sports clubs and coaches, and to investigate the health behaviours and health status of youth participating in sports clubs compared to non-participants.Methods and analysis: The study design employs cross-sectional multilevel and multimethod research with aspirations to a prospective cohort study in the next phase. The setting-based variables at sports clubs and coaching levels, and health behaviour variables at the individual level, are investigated using surveys; and total levels of physical activity are assessed using objective accelerometer measurements. Health status variables will be measured by preparticipation screening. The health promotion activity of sports clubs (n=154) is evaluated by club officials (n=313) and coaches (n=281). Coaches and young athletes aged 14-16 (n=759) years evaluate the coaches' health promotion activity. The survey of the adolescents' health behaviours consist of two data sets-the first is on their health behaviours and the second is on musculoskeletal complaints and injuries. Data are collected via sports clubs (759 participants) and schools 1650 (665 participants and 983 non-participants). 591 (418 athletes and 173 non-athletes) youth, have already participated in preparticipation screening. Screening consists of detailed personal medical history, electrocardiography, flow-volume spirometry, basic laboratory analyses and health status screening, including posture, muscle balance, and static and dynamic postural control tests, conducted by sports and exercise medicine specialists.Ethics and dissemination: The HPSC study is carried out conforming with the declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was received from the Ethics Committee of Health Care District of Central Finland. The HPSC study is close-to-practice, which generates foundations for development work within youth sports clubs.</p

Physical activity from adolescence to young adulthood: patterns of change, and their associations with activity domains and sedentary time

BackgroundLongitudinal studies demonstrate an average decline in physical activity (PA) from adolescence to young adulthood. However, while some subgroups of adolescents decrease activity, others increase or maintain high or low activity. Activity domains may differ between subgroups (exhibiting different PA patterns), and they offer valuable information for targeted health promotion. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify PA patterns from adolescence to young adulthood; also to explore the associations of (i) changes in PA domains and in sedentary time, (ii) sociodemographic factors, and (iii) self-rated health with diverging PA patterns.MethodsThe observational cohort study data encompassed 254 adolescents at age 15 and age 19. K-means cluster analysis for longitudinal data was performed to identify participant clusters (patterns) based on their accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Logistic regressions were applied in further analysis.ResultsFive PA patterns were identified: inactivity maintainers (n = 71), activity maintainers (n = 70), decreasers from moderate (to low) PA (n = 61), decreasers from high (to moderate) PA (n = 32), and increasers (n = 20).At age 15, participation in sports clubs (SC, 41–97%) and active commuting (AC, 47–75%) was common in all the patterns. By age 19, clear dropout from these activities was prevalent (SC participation mean 32%, AC 31–63%). Inactivity maintainers reported the lowest amount of weekly school physical education.Dropout from SC – in contrast to non-participation in SC – was associated with higher odds of being a decreaser from high PA, and with lower odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Maintained SC participation was associated with higher odds of belonging to the decreasers from high PA, and to the combined group of activity maintainers and increasers; also with lower odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Maintenance/adoption of AC was associated with decreased odds of being an inactivity maintainer. Self-reported health at age 19 was associated with the patterns of maintained activity and inactivity.ConclusionsPA patterns diverge over the transition to adulthood. Changes in SC participation and AC show different associations with diverging PA patterns. Hence, tailored PA promotion is recommended.</p

Discovery and characterization of ORM-11372, a novel inhibitor of the sodium-calcium exchanger with positive inotropic activity

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The lack of selective sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) inhibitors has hampered the exploration of physiological and pathophysiological roles of cardiac NCX 1.1. We aimed to discover more potent and selective drug like NCX 1.1 inhibitor. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: A flavan series-based pharmacophore model was constructed. Virtual screening helped us identify a novel scaffold for NCX inhibition. A distinctively different NCX 1.1 inhibitor, ORM-11372, was discovered after lead optimization. Its potency against human and rat NCX 1.1 and selectivity against other ion channels was assessed. The cardiovascular effects of ORM-11372 were studied in normal and infarcted rats and rabbits. Human cardiac safety was studied ex vivo using human ventricular trabeculae. KEY RESULTS: ORM-11372 inhibited human NCX 1.1 reverse and forward currents; IC(50) values were 5 and 6 nM respectively. ORM-11372 inhibited human cardiac sodium 1.5 (I(Na) ) and hERG K(V) 11.1 currents (I(hERG) ) in a concentration-dependent manner; IC(50) values were 23.2 and 10.0 μM. ORM-11372 caused no changes in action potential duration; short-term variability and triangulation were observed for concentrations of up to 10 μM. ORM-11372 induced positive inotropic effects of 18 ± 6% and 35 ± 8% in anaesthetized rats with myocardial infarctions and in healthy rabbits respectively; no other haemodynamic effects were observed, except improved relaxation at the lowest dose. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: ORM-11372, a unique, novel, and potent inhibitor of human and rat NCX 1.1, is a positive inotropic compound. NCX inhibition can induce clinically relevant improvements in left ventricular contractions without affecting relaxation, heart rate, or BP, without pro-arrhythmic risk.Peer reviewe

The associations between adolescents' sports club participation and dietary habits

For adolescent athletes, data on nutrition behaviors are limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits of adolescent sports club participants (SPs) compared with those of non-participants (NPs). The cross-sectional study of 1917 adolescents aged 14-16 was based on data from the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) study. The health behavior surveys were conducted among SPs (n = 1093) and NPs (n = 824). Logistic regression was used to test statistical significance of the differences in dietary habits between SPs and NPs. SPs were more likely than NPs to eat breakfast on weekends [89% vs 79%, odds ratio (OR) 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-2.01] and to report daily consumption of vegetables (46% vs 32%, OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.69) and fat-free or semi-skimmed milk (72% vs 55%, OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.68). Dietary habits regarded as unhealthy, such as sugared soft drink consumption, were similar between the groups. The aforementioned healthy dietary habits are more frequent in SPs than NPs, and unhealthy dietary habits are equally frequent in the groups. Both adolescent SPs' and NPs' dietary habits have deficiencies, like inadequate vegetable and fruit consumption. Sports clubs' opportunities for adolescents' healthy eating promotion should be examined

Training Volume and Intensity of Physical Activity among Young Athletes: The Health Promoting Sports Club (HPSC) Study

Both training volume and overall physical activity (PA) play a role in young athletes’ sports performance and athletic development. The purpose of this study was to describe the training volume and PA of young athletes in endurance, aesthetics, ball games, and power sports. Questionnaire data (n = 671) were obtained from 15-year-old Finnish athletes on sports participation, along with accelerometer data (n = 350) assessing the amount and intensity of their PA. The athletes’ mean weekly training volume was 11 h 41 min. Objectively assessed PA amounted to 4 h 31 min daily, out of which 1 h 31 min was at a level of moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA). Among 24% of the athletes, the weekly training volume (in hours) exceeded the recommended level of age-in-years, which might increase their risk of sports injuries. At the same time, one in six athletes (16%) did not—on average—reach the internationally recommended threshold level of at least 60 minutes of MVPA per day. Compared to girls, boys averaged 2.5 more hours of training per week, and had 21 more minutes of MVPA per day. Moreover, boys had a higher goal orientation than girls, with 52% of the boys and only 29% of the girls focused on success at adult level. Although total training volume and PA did not differ among sports types, there were differences in training forms, and in the proportions of MVPA. The young athletes were found to vary greatly in training forms, training volumes, MVPA, and goal orientation; hence, training should be planned individually, both for team sports and individual sports.</p

Diverging paths in physical activity and sports participation (Health Promoting Sports Club, HPSC) cohort study: research data 2013-2023

Liikkumisen ja urheilun erilaiset polut – Terveyttä edistävä liikuntaseura (TELS) on seurantatutkimus, jossa kartoitetaan eri suuntaisia (vähenevän, lisääntyvän ja ennallaan säilyvän) fyysisen aktiivisuuden ja liikuntaseuraosallistumisen (mm. jatkajat, lopettajat, seuraurheiluun osallistumattomat) polkuja. Erilaisille poluille haetaan selittäjiä liittyen mm. elämäntapahtumiin, terveyskäyttäytymiseen ja terveyteen, sekä verrataan sairauksien ja niiden riskien ilmenemistä erilaisten polkujen välillä. Tutkimus alkoi vuosina 2013/2014, jolloin nuoret olivat keskimäärin 15-vuotiaita, ja vertailua tehtiin erityisesti liikuntaseuroissa harrastavien ja seuratoimintaan osallistumattomien nuorten välillä. Tämän lisäksi liikuntaseurojen terveyden edistämisaktiivisuutta on tutkittu seuroissa harrastavien nuorten näkökulmasta sekä valmentajien ja toimihenkilöiden arvioimana. Aineisto sisältää kyselylomake-, liikemittaus- ja terveystarkastustietoja (lääkärinkirjaukset, tulokset keuhkojen puhalluskokeesta ja verikokeista) sekä uni- ja liikuntapäiväkirja-aineistoja. Tutkittavat rekrytoitiin tutkimuksen alussa 156 urheiluseuran (jalkapallo, jääkiekko, voimistelu, luistelu, koripallo, uinti, hiihto, suunnistus, salibandy ja yleisurheilu) ja 100 koulun kautta kuudesta kaupungista (Helsinki, Turku, Tampere, Jyväskylä, Kuopio ja Oulu) ja lähikunnista.Diverging paths in physical activity and sports participation (Health Promoting Sports Club, HPSC) is a Finnish cohort study in which different patterns of physical activity (maintaining, decreasing, and increasing activity) and sports club participation (maintainers, non-participants, drop-outs, and sports club joiners) are identified. The study also examines the determinants and correlates of these change patterns (in relation to e.g. life events, health behaviour, and health), and further, the health outcomes of the patterns. The study started in years 2013/2014, when the study participants were at mean age 15 years, and especially comparisons between the sports club participants with their non-participating peers were made. Moreover, the health promotion activity of the sports clubs have been examined from the view of young people and also assessed by coaches and club officials. The study data consist of surveys, accelerometer measurements and health examinations (medical screening recordings from physicians, results from pulmonary function tests and resting blood samples), as well as physical activity and sleep diaries. At baseline, the participants were recruited through schools (n=100) and sports clubs (n=156) from the six largest cities in Finland, plus surrounding communities

Hyvinvoinnin mittaaminen edellyttää valintoja : näkökulmana julkishallinnollinen tiedon tarve

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