Studi Pendahuluan Sistem Tomografi Listrik-Akustik untuk Mendeteksi Kanker Paru-paru

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemungkinan diterapkannya sistem tomografi listrik-akustik. Sistem tomografi ini dalam bekerjanya menggunakan injeksi pulsa arus listrik sehingga dihasilkan dua data sekaligus, yaitu sinyal akustik dan potensial listrik. Data sinyal akustik memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan citra resolusi spasial tinggi, sedang data potensial listrik memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan citra kontras tinggi. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan kajian studi tentang terpenuhinya kemungkinan syarat-syarat yang dibutuhkan. Untuk studi awal ini dilakukan studi simulasi untuk memperoleh data sinyal akustik yang kemudian dilakukan kajian analisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sinyal akustik prospektif untuk digunakan dalam deteksi kanker paru karena kontrasnya nilai akustik organ paru dan jaringan kanker paru.

Hubungan Perbedaan Kerapatan Lamun Dengan Kelimpahan Epifauna Di Pantai Lipi, Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu

Pari Island is an area of ocean waters that have a seagrass ecosystem. This ecosystem is one of the habitats that support life of aquatic organism, which is epifauna. This ecosystem is used for feeding grounds for epifauna by utilizing the seagrass leaf litter. Difference of seagrass species density can influence abundance of epifauna. This research aims to determine the seagrass species, the abundance of epifauna in different seagrass densities, and the relationship between seagrass density with the abundance of epifauna. The research activities conducted in May-June 2016. The method used is survey method in determining the point of sampling using purposive sampling method namely the allocation of sampling stations based on different seagrass density (dense, medium and rare. The sampling of epifauna was done manually using hand every once a week for 3 weeks. The results obtained that there are three species of seagrass including Thalassia sp, Enhalus sp and Cymodocea sp. The densities in dense seagrass (station A) by the number of stands 399 ind/m2 had an abundance of epifauna 121 ind/m2, medium density (station B) by the number of stands 333 ind/m2 the abundance of epifauna 93 ind/m2, and precision rarely (station C) by the number of stands 308 ind/m2, has an abundance of epifauna 67 ind/m2. The correlation values between the density of seagrass with the abundance of epifauna have a value of correlation coefficient r = 0,949 with the value α < 0.05 indicates that there is a positive and high correlation. Keywords : Seagrass Ecosystem, Epifauna\u27s Abundance, Pari Island

Functional Imaging of Stimulus Convergence in Amygdalar Neurons during Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

Background: Associative conditioning is a ubiquitous form of learning throughout the animal kingdom and fear conditioning is one of the most widely researched models for studying its neurobiological basis. Fear conditioning is also considered a model system for understanding phobias and anxiety disorders. A fundamental issue in fear conditioning regards the existence and location of neurons in the brain that receive convergent information about the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) during the acquisition of conditioned fear memory. Convergent activation of neurons is generally viewed as a key event for fear learning, yet there has been almost no direct evidence of this critical event in the mammalian brain. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we used Arc cellular compartmental analysis of temporal gene transcription by fluorescence in situ hybridization (catFISH) to identify neurons activated during single trial contextual fear conditioning in rats. To conform to temporal requirements of catFISH analysis we used a novel delayed contextual fear conditioning protocol which yields significant single- trial fear conditioning with temporal parameters amenable to catFISH analysis. Analysis yielded clear evidence that a population of BLA neurons receives convergent CS and US information at the time of the learning, that this only occurs when the CS-US arrangement is supportive of the learning, and that this process requires N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation. In contrast, CS-US convergence was not observed in dorsal hippocampus

Understanding the Adaptive Mechanisms of Plant in Low Phosphorous Soil

With the rapidly increasing world population and escalating food demand in the face of changing weather patterns, it is imperative to improve our understanding of how root functional traits enhance water acquisition and nutrient foraging for improved crop yields. Phosphorous (P) is poorly bioavailable element and essential for plant growth and development. Natural P reserves are very limited, and its availability is greatly influenced by several environmental factors, e.g., due to finite natural resources, soil pH, organic matter, and soluble complexes with cations (Al, Fe, and Ca); therefore, P limitation is a major factor that adversely affects crop production. To ensure an efficient and stable agricultural system, the establishment of P efficient crop production is inevitable. Plants have evolved different adaptability mechanisms to overcome these nutrient stresses. Low P adapted responses in plants are considered as an important trait for developing new lines with improved P acquisition, water uptake efficiency, and eventually protect roots from physical impedance. Previous studies showed that, modification in root architecture is potentially correlated with water, nutrient and phosphorus uptake. During P deficit condition, plant root undergoes several phenotypic (root hair density, cluster root, and lateral root) and biochemical modifications (citrate, malate, and acid phosphates secretion) leading to the solubilization and acquisition of unavailable P complexes in soil. This chapter reveals the biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms of plant adaptive responses to low P availability. Moreover, this chapter proposes how plant competes with various abiotic stresses such as P deficiency, drought, and salinity. Screening of plants with superior root hair traits would be an important approach toward the development of P efficient crop varieties

3D multi-agent models for protein release from PLGA spherical particles with complex inner morphologies

In order to better understand and predict the release of proteins from bioerodible micro- or nanospheres, it is important to know the influences of different initial factors on the release mechanisms. Often though it is difficult to assess what exactly is at the origin of a certain dissolution profile. We propose here a new class of fine-grained multi-agent models built to incorporate increasing complexity, permitting the exploration of the role of different parameters, especially that of the internal morphology of the spheres, in the exhibited release profile. This approach, based on Monte-Carlo (MC) and Cellular Automata (CA) techniques, has permitted the testing of various assumptions and hypotheses about several experimental systems of nanospheres encapsulating proteins. Results have confirmed that this modelling approach has increased the resolution over the complexity involved, opening promising perspectives for future developments, especially complementing in vitro experimentation

Nephroprotective Effect of Garlic Chives (Allium Tuberosum) on Bun and Creatinine Levels of Wistar Rats Induced by Doxorubicin

Cancer is the most leading disease that cause of death. Doxorubicin chemotherapy is often used in cancer treatment, because of its effectiveness. Although doxorubicin has a positive effect for killing cancer cell, doxorubicin has many side effects, one of which doxorubicin can cause kidney damage through the process of interstitial fibrosis. Utilization garlic chives extract as co chemotherapy to reduce renal damage induced by doxorubicin is a prospective opportunities. This study aimed to analyze the effect of garlic chives extract as a nephroprotective on levels of BUN and creatinine of wistar rats induced by doxorubicin. The research method was quasi experimental design with post test only randomized controlled group. The results showed that extracts of garlic chives can reduce levels of BUN and creatinine (p <0.05) in the group that only induced by doxorubicin. In conclusion, extract of garlic chives has nephroprotecive effects on wistar rats which were induced by doxorubicin

Radio-Continuum study of the Nearby Sculptor Group Galaxies. Part 1: NGC 300 at lambda = 20 cm

A series of new radio-continuum (lambda=20 cm) mosaic images focused on the NGC 300 galactic system were produced using archived observational data from the VLA and/or ATCA. These new images are both very sensitive (rms=60 microJy) and feature high angular resolution (<10"). The most prominent new feature is the galaxy's extended radio-continuum emission, which does not match its optical appearance. Using these newly created images a number of previously unidentified discrete sources have been discovered. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a joint deconvolution approach to imaging this complete data-set is inferior when compared to an immerge approach.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted to APSS, new version to correct the missing reference

Detection of Object Anomalies Based on Intensity Distribution at Various Measurement Positions in Diffuse Optical Tomography System

The determination of an object anomaly based on intensity distribution patterns in various measurement positions is proposed and investigated. This research was carried out in a simulation environment using numerical objects. They are a circle which consist of 248 elements. These objects include homogeneous and anomaly objects. The homogeneous object is made with the same values of absorption and scattering coefficients for all elements. Whereas, the anomaly object is made by adding different values of absorption coefficient and scattering on certain elements in homogeneous object. Both objects are illuminated by laser light from 16 different source positions. The intensity of light after passing objects is detected at 16 different positions as well. The intensity data passes through objects obtained by simulation based on the forward problem equation for continuous wave diffuse optical tomography (CW DOT) systems. The intensity different from the anomaly and the homogeneous object is plotted for each measurement position. The result showed that the characteristics of object anomalies (number, position and size) can be detected from the intensity distribution pattern at various measurement positions, respectively based on the number, position and the FWHM value of peak

Isolation of Principal Constitiuents of Some Proven Folklore Medicinal Plants and Their Modification Using Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis

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