Hengelliset toimintamuodot parisuhteessa : haastattelututkimus parisuhteen hengellisyydestä

Mies ja nainen kertovat kokemuksensa parisuhdekriisistä ja tiivistävät että rukoileminen ja Jumalan puoleen kääntyminen pelasti heidät avioerolta. Kyseessä on tilanne, jossa pariskunta on hyödyntänyt yhtä hengellisen toimintamuodon menetelmää, joka tässä tapauksessa on ollut rukoileminen. Tämän tutkielman tehtävänä on selvittää, minkälaisia hengellisiä toimintamuotoja parisuhteessa käytetään ja millaisia vaikutuksia näillä hengellisillä toimintamuodoilla on parisuhteessa. Hengellinen toimintamuoto on käytännöllistä toimintaa kuvaava käsite, jonka avulla voidaan tutkia parisuhteen dynamiikkaa hengellisestä näkökulmasta katsottuna. Tutkimuksen hengellisenä kontekstina on kristillinen maailmankuva, jonka välityksellä Jumala ja parit kommunikoivat ja ylläpitävät hengellistä suhdetta toinen toisiinsa. Tutkimusmetodina on sisällönanalyysi. Haastateltavien parien hengelliset toimintamuodot saavat puheenvuoron, kun hengellisiä toimintamuotoja kuvataan niihin liitettyjen kokemusten ja vaikutusten kautta. Tämä tarkoittaa aineiston sanallista kuvaamista. Tutkielma on toteutettu ryhmähaastatteluilla, haastattelemalla yhdeksää paria eri puolelta Suomea yhteistyössä Parempi avioliitto ry:n toiminnan kautta. Johdanto luvussa perehdytään tutkimuksen lähtökohtana toimivaan Parempi avioliitto ry:n toimintaan, joka antaa tutkimukselle hengellisen kontekstin, sekä luodaan käsitteet hengellisyydelle ja tarkastellaan tutkimukseen liittyvää aiempaa tutkimusta. Tutkimuksen pääpaino on kansainvälisessä tutkimuksessa, koska parisuhde ja hengellisyys on vähän tutkittu aihe. Kolmannessa luvussa keskitytään analysoimaan parisuhteessa esiintyviä erilaisia hengellisiä toimintamuotoja ja niihin liittyviä kokemuksia. Neljäs luku käsittää tutkimuksessa saavutetut tulokset ja sen, miten tutkimusta parisuhteen hengellisyydestä voisi edistää tulevaisuudessa. Tutkimuksen tuloksista voidaan päätellä, että hengellisyys toimii eräänlaisena voimavarana parisuhteessa arkeen liittyvissä tilanteissa ja ennaltaehkäistä parisuhdekriisien syntyä. Toisaalta, se voi myös auttaa selviämään parisuhdekriiseistä. Tutkimustulosten perusteella hengelliset toimintamuodot luovat yhteyttä parien välillä ja ylläpitävät hengellistä identiteettiä

Elevation of tumor necrosis factor alpha levels is associated with restless legs symptoms in clinically depressed patients

Background: Restless legs syndrome is a sensorimotor disorder associated with several mental illnesses particularly depression. Methods: A cross-sectional study of primary care patients. The prevalence of restless legs symptoms was studied in 706 patients with depressive symptoms and 426 controls without a psychiatric diagnosis by using a structured questionnaire. The depressive symptoms were evaluated with the BDI and the psychiatric diagnosis was confirmed by means of a diagnostic interview (M.I.N.I.). The subjects with elevated depressive symptoms were divided into two groups subjects with depressive symptoms with and without clinical depression. Results: The prevalence of restless legs symptoms was 24.8% in the controls, 50.0% in the patients with clinical depression and 42.4% in the patients with depressive symptoms. CRP value was significantly higher (p =.003) in the clinically depressed patients than in the other groups. There was a higher concentration of TNF-alpha in the subjects with restless legs symptoms (7.4 ng/l +/- 3.2) compared with the subjects without symptoms (6.7 ng/1 +/- 2.3)(p Conclusions: TNF-alpha level was associated with restless legs symptoms only among subjects with depressive symptoms whether they had clinical depression or not. We suggest that TNF-alpha could be an underlying factor between restless legs symptoms and comorbidities.Peer reviewe

A longitudinal study of restless legs symptoms among patients with depression

Background The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between depressive symptoms and clinical depression and restless legs symptoms in a longitudinal primary care setting. Methods The prevalence of restless legs symptoms at baseline and after a six-year follow-up was studied in 474 patients with depressive symptoms and 333 population-based control subjects without depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms at the baseline and after the six-year follow-up were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Second Edition. A psychiatric diagnosis was confirmed with a diagnostic interview (M.I.N.I.). Statistical comparisons between groups were made using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and a chi-square test or logistic models for categorical variables. Repeated measures were analysed using generalizing estimating equations (GEE) models. Results At baseline the prevalence of restless legs symptoms was 24.3% in control subjects, 43.8% in the patients with depressive symptoms without a depression diagnosis, and 49.3% in clinically depressed patients. During the follow-up up the prevalence of restless legs symptoms declined significantly (p = 0.003). In addition to baseline restless legs symptoms, the prognostic factors for restless legs symptoms among patients with clinical depression were age and BDI score. In the control subjects, moderate and high leisure time physical activity was inversely associated with restless legs symptoms at the follow-up. Conclusions A higher level of baseline depressive symptoms was a risk factor for restless legs symptoms in patients with clinical depression. In the prevention and treatment of restless legs symptoms among the patients with depression, the priority is the effective treatment of depression.Peer reviewe

Gender Differences Relating to Metabolic Syndrome and Proinflammation in Finnish Subjects with Elevated Blood Pressure

Fasting insulin, adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were determined in 278 men and 273 women with blood pressure ≥130 and/or ≥85 mmHg and/or with antihypertensive medication. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) with the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria was observed in 35% of men and 34% of women. Men with MetS had lower hs-CRP and IL-1Ra than women. The absolute gender difference in adiponectin was smaller and those in IL-1Ra and hs-CRP were greater in subjects with MetS compared to those without. After adjustment with body mass index the association between insulin and the odd's ratio (OR) for MetS remained significant in both genders, in females also the association between the OR for MetS and adiponectin. There are gender differences in subjects with elevated blood pressure and MetS with respect to inflammatory markers and the relationship between adiponectin levels and MetS

Pankkiautomaatti: tietoyhteiskunnan proosallinen pikkuihme

THE AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHING (ATM):A PROSAIC LITTLE MIRACLE OF THEINFORMATION SOCIETYAdministrative Studies, vol. 10(1991): 2, 98-106Modern information technologies are effectinga deep transformation in the service sector ofsociety. The automatic teller machine (ATM) isone of the basic technologies expressing thecurrent trends. The Finnish results reveal the roleof the different bank strategies in the current-dayincreasingly deregulated and increasinglycompetitive banking industry. However, the rapidchanges may make the ATM services lag behindthe customers' needs and the technicalpossibilities. This is stressed in an analysis ofcustomer interviews and in an analysis of the"product semantics" of the ATM:s

Optimization of Invasion-Specific Effects of Betulin Derivatives on Prostate Cancer Cells through Lead Development

The anti-invasive and anti-proliferative effects of betulins and abietane derivatives was systematically tested using an organotypic model system of advanced, castration-resistant prostate cancers. A preliminary screen of the initial set of 93 compounds was performed in two-dimensional (2D) growth conditions using non-transformed prostate epithelial cells (EP156T), an androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP), and the castration-resistant, highly invasive cell line PC-3. The 25 most promising compounds were all betulin derivatives. These were selected for a focused secondary screen in three-dimensional (3D) growth conditions, with the goal to identify the most effective and specific anti-invasive compounds. Additional sensitivity and cytotoxicity tests were then performed using an extended cell line panel. The effects of these compounds on cell cycle progression, mitosis, proliferation and unspecific cytotoxicity, versus their ability to specifically interfere with cell motility and tumor cell invasion was addressed. To identify potential mechanisms of action and likely compound targets, multiplex profiling of compound effects on a panel of 43 human protein kinases was performed. These target de-convolution studies, combined with the phenotypic analyses of multicellular organoids in 3D models, revealed specific inhibition of AKT signaling linked to effects on the organization of the actin cytoskeleton as the most likely driver of altered cell morphology and motility.Peer reviewe

Does the company's economic performance affect access to occupational health services?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Finland like in many other countries, employers are legally obliged to organize occupational health services (OHS) for their employees. Because employers bear the costs of OHS it could be that in spite of the legal requirement OHS expenditure is more determined by economic performance of the company than by law. Therefore, we explored whether economic performance was associated with the companies' expenditure on occupational health services.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We used a prospective design to predict expenditure on OHS in 2001 by a company's economic performance in 1999. Data were provided by Statistics Finland and expressed by key indicators for profitability, solidity and liquidity and by the Social Insurance Institution as employers' reimbursement applications for OHS costs. The data could be linked at the company level. Regression analysis was used to study associations adjusted for various confounders.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Nineteen percent of the companies (N = 6 155) did not apply for reimbursement of OHS costs in 2001. The profitability of the company represented by operating margin in 1999 and adjusted for type of industry was not significantly related to the company's probability to apply for reimbursement of the costs in 2001 (OR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.99 to 1.01). Profitability measured as operating profit in 1999 and adjusted for type of industry was not significantly related to costs for curative medical services (Beta -0.001, 95%CI: -0.00 to 0.11) nor to OHS cost of prevention in 2001 (Beta -0.001, 95%CI: -0.00 to 0.00).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We did not find a relation between the company's economic performance and expenditure on OHS in Finland. We suppose that this is due to legislation obliging employers to provide OHS and the reimbursement system both being strong incentives for employers.</p

AVEKKI-toimintatapamalli tutuksi perheille

Toiminnallisen opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli suunnitella ja toteuttaa opaslehtinen AVEKKI-toimintatapamallista lasten huoltajille. Työn tilaava yksikkö oli havainnut tarpeen ohjausmateriaalille AVEKKI-toimintatapamallista. Tavoitteena oli opaslehtisen avulla selvittää lasten huoltajille ymmärrettävästi ja selkokielellä mitä AVEKKI-toimintatapamalli tarkoittaa ja pitää sisällään. Opaslehtisen tekeminen toteutettiin yhteistyössä Kuopion yliopistollisen sairaalan lastenpsykiatrian kriisiosaston kanssa. Opaslehtisen avulla pyritään lisäämään ohjausta AVEKKI-toimintatapamallista. Huoltajat saavat opaslehtisen hoidon alkuvaiheessa, kun hoitohenkilökunta antaa heille ohjausta lapsen hoidosta. Saimme paljon palautetta osastonhoitajalta sekä muulta osaston hoitohenkilökunnalta opaslehtisen tekemisen vaiheessa. Opaslehtistä muokattiin saadun palautteen mukaisesti. Toimeksiantaja oli tyytyväinen opaslehtiseen. Opaslehtinen otettiin heti käyttöön osaksi osaston ohjausmateriaaleja. Tuotoksena syntynyttä opaslehtistä voidaan hyödyntää myös muissa Kuopion yliopistollisen sairaalan lastenpsykiatrisissa yksiköissä. Jatkotutkimushaasteena voisi olla selvittää, onko opaslehtinen hyödyttänyt lasten huoltajia, sekä osaston hoitohenkilökuntaa. Tulevaisuudessa on hyvä miettiä opaslehtisen päivittämistä.The objective of this functional thesis was to design and implement an instruction leaflet on the AVEKKI-procedure for children’s guardians whose children were in treatment. The unit ordering this work had seen a need for a guide on the AVEKKI-procedure. The aim was to explain to the children’s guardians in an understandable and plain language with the help of the leaflet what the AVEKKI-procedure means and involves. The thesis was carried out in cooperation with Kuopio University hospital children’s crisis ward. The leaflet is intended to increase guidance on the AVEKKI-procedure. The guardians get the leaflet at the start of the treatment when the nursing staff gives them guidance on the care of the child. We received a lot of feedback from the head nurse as well as the nursing staff of the ward when we were making the leaflet. The leaflet was modified based on the feedback. The assigner was pleased with the leaflet. The leaflet was immediately made part of the wards guide material. The resulting leaflet can also be used in other Kuopio university hospital child psychiatry units. A further research challenge is to determine have the children’s guardians as well as the nursing staff befitted from the leaflet. In the future it can be considered updating this leaflet

KORJAUSRAKENTAMISEN ENERGIATEHOKKUUSMÄÄRÄYSTEN VAIKU-TUKSET MINIMIVAATIMUSTEN MUKAISESTI KORJATTUUN ASUINKERROSTALOON

Tiivistelmä Tämän laskennallisen opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli selvittää tyypillisen 1970-luvulla rakennetun kolmikerroksinen asuinkerrostalon energiahäviöt ja korjatuista rakennusosista kertyneet vuotuiset säästöt. Laskennan kohteeseen oli vuonna 2013 tehty sisäpuolinen peruskorjaus. Tässä opinnäytetyössä vertailtiin kuukausitasoisesti johtumislämpöhäviötä laskentamenetelmänä käyttäen Excel–taulukkolaskentaohjelmaa. Työssä tutkittiin eri rakennusosien ja ilmanvaihdon vaikutuksia vuotuisiin energiansäästöihin. Ilmanvaihtojärjestelmällä oli tärkein merkitys asuinkerrostalon energian säästämiseen. Energian säästämisen kannalta tulee kiinnittää huomiota siihen, kuinka ilmanvaihto toteutetaan, koska ilmanvaihtojärjestelmä kuluttaa suurimman osan lämpöenergiasta. Korjattaessa 1970-luvun energiamääräyksien mukaisia rakennuksia rakenteiden lämmönläpäisykertoimilla ei ole niin suurta merkitystä energiankulutukseen kuin ilmanvaihdon toteutuksella on.Abstract This thesis is a calculated-based report and its purpose was to study the loss of energy on a typical triple floor block of flats, built in 1970. The aim was also to study the saving of the energy in repaired elements of construction in a year. An internal renovation of the building was done in 2013. This thesis compared monthly heat transmission loss by using Microsoft Excel spread-sheet for calculating. This thesis studied different functional elements and their ventilation and their effects on the annual energy saving. The ventilation had the most significance meaning for the energy saving. Attention must be paid to how the ventilation is realized because most of the energy goes to the ventilation. While repairing buildings which belong to the energy directive in the 1970’s the ventilation implementation has more significance meaning to energy consumption than buildings U-value