AN EXTENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF FLOW CONDITIONERS INSIDE A FI-FI MONITOR

As it is known, to provide fire protection for any type of surface vessel, external fire-fighting (EFF) systems have been commonly used for decades as well as in coastal regions. These types of systems exist on several types of vessels such as fire-fighting ships, tugboats, supply vessels and naval vessels. Flow conditioners can be used in the EFF systems to provide better performance by regulating the flow inside the fi-fi monitor. In the present study, a fire-fighting (fi-fi) monitor was designed and different flow conditioners were implemented into the fi-fi monitor. A unique flow conditioner was designed in addition to the recommended ones by ISO 5167-3 in order to improve the performance of the flow conditioner in terms of head ratio and flow rate. A commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver was used to investigate the performance of the different flow conditioners. Before comparing the numerical results of different flow conditioners, the numerical model was validated with the experimental data and verified with appropriate methods. The results showed that the unique flow conditioner successfully regulates the streamlines and it has better performance than the recommended ones by ISO 5167-3 in terms of flow rate and head ratio. As the last part of the study, the effect of unique flow conditioner length was investigated and the best length was determined

Selective 5-HT7 receptor agonists LP 44 and LP 211 elicit an analgesic effect on formalin-induced orofacial pain in mice

The most recently identified serotonin (5-HT) receptor is the 5-HT7 receptor. The antinociceptive effects of a 5-HT7 receptor agonist have been shown in neuropathic and inflammatory animal models of pain. A recent study demonstrated the functional expression of 5-HT7 receptors in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis, which receives and processes orofacial nociceptive inputs. Objective To investigate the antinociceptive effects of pharmacological activation of 5-HT7 receptors on orofacial pain in mice. Material and Methods Nociception was evaluated by using an orofacial formalin test in male Balb-C mice. Selective 5-HT7 receptor agonists, LP 44 and LP 211 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), were given intraperitoneally 30 min prior to a formalin injection. A bolus of 10 µl of 4% subcutaneous formalin was injected into the upper lip of mice and facial grooming behaviors were monitored. The behavioral responses consisted of two distinct periods, the early phase corresponding to acute pain (Phase I: 0–12 min) and the late phase (Phase II: 12–30 min). Results LP 44 and LP 211 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) produced an analgesic effect with reductions in face rubbing time in both Phase I and Phase II of the formalin test. Conclusion Our results suggest that 5-HT7 receptor agonists may be promising analgesic drugs in the treatment of orofacial pain

AĞRILI KOZMETİK UYGULAMALARDA KULLANILMAK ÜZERE LOKAL ANESTEZİK MADDE İÇEREN MİKROEMÜLSİYON FORMÜLASYONU GELİŞTİRİLMESİ

Bu çalıĢmamızda amacımız lidokain hidroklorürü model ilaç olarak kullanarak lokal anesteziklerin deriden hızla penetrasyonunu sağlayacak lesitin temelli su/yağ tipinde bir mikroemülsiyon taĢıyıcı sistem geliĢtirmektir. Mikroemülsiyon formülasyonlarında sürfaktan olarak lesitin, kosürfaktan olarak etanol, yağ fazı olarak Miglyol ve zeytinyağı, su fazı olarak ise distile su kullanılmıĢtır. Mikroemülsiyon alanları, sabit lesitin/etanol oranları kullanılarak üçgen faz diyagramları ile ortaya konulmuĢtur. Etkin madde su fazına eklenmiĢtir. Mikroemülsiyonların damlacık boyutu ve viskoziteleri ölçülmüĢtür. Lidokain hidroklorür salımı in-vitro olarak Franz difüzyon hücrelerinde diyaliz membran kullanarak incelenmiĢtir. Mikroemülsiyonların in vivo etkinliği ticari preparatlar Betacaine ve EMLA ile karĢılaĢtırmalı olarak farelerde kuyruk çekme testi ile değerlendirilmiĢtir. Penetrasyon çalıĢmaları ve in vivo deneyler, yağ fazı olarak sadece Miglyol kullanılan ve Km 1/1 ve Km 1/2 oranında hazırlanan mikroemülsiyonlardan lidokain hidroklorürün permeasyonunun, yağ fazı olarak Miglyol ile zeytinyağının kombine edildiği ve Km 1/1 oranında hazırlanan mikroemülsiyona göre çok daha fazla olduğunu göstermiĢtir. Damlacık büyüklüğü 9.25 ve 5.58 nm olan mikroemülsiyonlar ticari müstahzar Betacaine jelle karĢılaĢtırıldığında çok hızlı topikal analjezik etki gösterirken, benzer yapıya sahip olmasına rağmen yağ fazında zeytinyağı bulunması ile farklılık oluĢturan ve damlacık boyutu 140.4 nm olan mikroemülsiyon ve EMLA krem kuyruk çekme testinde analjezik etki oluĢturmamıĢtır. Mikroemülsiyonlar Newtonian akıĢ özelliği göstermiĢ ve zeytinyağı içermeyenler oda sıcaklığında 6 ay stabil kalmıĢtır. Sonuç olarak yeni geliĢtirilen mikroemülsiyon formülasyon lidokain hidroklorürün permeasyonunu önemli Ģekilde artırmakta ve ticari ürünlere göre çok daha hızlı topikal analjezik etki oluĢturmaktadır.A new lecithin based water in oil microemulsion system possessing a potentially improved skin bioavailability of local anesthetics were designed using lidocaine hydrochloride as a model drug. An egg lecithin, ethanol, Miglyol, olive oil and water were selected as a surfactant, cosurfactant, oil and aqueous phase, respectively. Pseudo ternary phase diagrams were constructed at fixed surfactant/cosurfactant ratios for microemulsion formation. The drug was added the inner aqueous phase of system. Particle size, the viscosity and flow diagram of microemulsions were determined. In-vitro permeation of lidocaine hydrochloride through dialysis membrane was studied using Franz diffusion cell. Moreover, the in-vivo efficacy of microemulsions developed and commercial products (EMLA and Betacaine Gel) containing lidocaine hydrochloride were investigated and compared in mice using radiant tail-flick test. Penetration studies and in vivo experiments showed that the permeation ability of of lidocaine hydrochloride was significantly improved by microemulsion composed Miglyol alone (Km 1/1 and Km 1/2) rather than combination of Miglyol and olive oil as oil phase (Km 1/1). While microemulsions in a droplet sizes of 9.25 and 5.58 nm produced rapid topical analgesic effects in comparison to commercial product (Betacaine), microemulsion in a droplet size of 140.4 nm containing olive oil and EMLA did not elicit any effects in mice. Microemulsions exhibited a Newtonian behavior were almost stable at room temperature for at least six months. In conclusion, the permeating ability of lidocaine hydrochloride was significantly increased from the new microemulsion formulations and thus, they produce fast pain relief in comparison to gel type commercial product

The additive antinociceptive interaction between WIN 55,212-2, a cannabinoid agonist, and ketorolac

Combinations of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids are widespread in the management of pain, allowing better analgesia with reduced side effects. Cannabinoids are promising-analgesic drugs that have pharmacological properties similar to those of opioids. However, the beneficial effects of cannabinoids for pain treatment are counterbalanced by their psychotomimetic side effects. We designed the present study to evaluate the antinociceptive interaction between cannabinoids and NSAIDs in mice, using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and tail-flick test. Interactions were analyzed using isobolographic analysis. WIN 55,212-2, a cannabinoid agonist, and the NSAID ketorolac, either alone or in combination, produced dose-dependent antinociception in the writhing test. Isobolographic analysis showed additive interactions between WIN 55,212-2 and ketorolac when they were coadministered systemically. Ketorolac is inactive in the radiant heat tail-flick test in which WIN 55,212-2 was active. Ketorolac did not influence WIN 55,212-2-induced antinociception in the tail-flick test. This study demonstrated an additive antinociceptive interaction between WIN 55,212-2 and ketorolac in an inflammatory visceral pain model. The combination of cannabinoids and NSAIDs may have utility in the pharmacotherapy of pain

Duodenorenal Fistula as a Complication of Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatic Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Duodenorenal fistula is a rare condition. The right kidney and the second part of the duodenum are in close anatomic proximity. Although unusual, fistulae can occur between these two anatomic structures. We report a patient who presented with duodenorenal fistula after radiofrequency ablation for renal cell carcinoma and its hepatic metastasis

Selective 5-HT7 receptor agonists LP 44 and LP 211 elicit an analgesic effect on formalin-induced orofacial pain in mice

ABSTRACT The most recently identified serotonin (5-HT) receptor is the 5-HT7 receptor. The antinociceptive effects of a 5-HT7 receptor agonist have been shown in neuropathic and inflammatory animal models of pain. A recent study demonstrated the functional expression of 5-HT7 receptors in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis, which receives and processes orofacial nociceptive inputs. Objective To investigate the antinociceptive effects of pharmacological activation of 5-HT7 receptors on orofacial pain in mice. Material and Methods Nociception was evaluated by using an orofacial formalin test in male Balb-C mice. Selective 5-HT7 receptor agonists, LP 44 and LP 211 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), were given intraperitoneally 30 min prior to a formalin injection. A bolus of 10 µl of 4% subcutaneous formalin was injected into the upper lip of mice and facial grooming behaviors were monitored. The behavioral responses consisted of two distinct periods, the early phase corresponding to acute pain (Phase I: 0–12 min) and the late phase (Phase II: 12–30 min). Results LP 44 and LP 211 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) produced an analgesic effect with reductions in face rubbing time in both Phase I and Phase II of the formalin test. Conclusion Our results suggest that 5-HT7 receptor agonists may be promising analgesic drugs in the treatment of orofacial pain

İntra-abdominal infeksiyonlar için öneriler "uzlaşı raporu"

Rehberler, konu ile ilgili farklı uzmanlık alanlarından uzmanların her ülkenin kendi verilerini dikkate alarak hazırladıkları önerileri içerir. Ancak ülkemizde bugüne kadar intra-abdominal infeksiyonlar (İAİ) için ortak dil oluşturmak adına, önerileri kapsayan bir rehber kullanıma sunulmamıştır. Bunun en önemli nedeni klinikte İAİ'ların tanı ve tedavisi ile ilgili veya İAİ tanılı hastalardan elde edilen mikroorganizma duyarlılıklarını değerlendiren laboratuvar çalışmalarının oldukça az sayıda olmasıdır. Oysa günümüzde farklılaşan konak özellikleri ve gelişen teknolojik tedavi yöntemleri nedeniyle "ortak dil kullanmak" zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Bu amaçla Mayıs 2015'te; Türkiye Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Uzmanlık Derneği (EKMUD)'nin önderliğinde Türk Cerrahi Derneği, Türk Kolon ve Rektum Cerrahisi Derneği, Fıtık Derneği, Türk Hepatopankreatobilier Cerrahi Derneği, Türk Hastane İnfeksiyonları ve Kontrolü Derneği üyelerinden konuya ilgi duyan toplam 15 uzman tarafından yapılan toplantılarda çalışmalar değerlendirildi. Sonuçta, erişkinler için hazırlanan bu uzlaşı raporundaki öneriler, ağırlıklı olarak Amerika İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları [Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)] ve Cerrahi İnfeksiyon Derneği (Surgical Infection Society) tarafından hazırlanan erişkin ve çocuklarda komplike İAİ'ların tanısı ve yönetimi 2010 rehberi olmak üzere, ulaşılabilen rehberlerden yararlanılarak ülkemiz verileriyle hazırlandı. Öneriler; hasta ile ilk karşılaşmadan başlayarak tanısal değerlendirme ve tedavi yaklaşımı olmak üzere iki bölümde oluşturuldu. Hazırlanan uzlaşı raporu ilk kez Antalya'da EKMUD 2016 kongresinde sunuldu. Takiben bir ay süre ile derneklerin sitelerinde önerilere açıldı. Öneriler alındıktan sonra gözden geçirilerek son hali makale olarak yazıldıGuidelines include the recommendations of experts from various specialties within a topic in consideration of data specific to each country. However, to date there has not been a guideline standardizing the nomenclature and offering recommendations for intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) in Turkey. This is mainly due to the paucity of laboratory studies regarding the clinical diagnosis and treatment of IAIs or the sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from patients with IAIs. However, due to the diversification of host characteristics and advancements in technological treatment methods, it has become imperative to 'speak a common language'. For this purpose May 2015, a group of 15 experts in intra-abdominal infections, under the leadership of the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Specialty Society of Turkey (EKMUD) and with representatives from the Turkish Surgical Association, Turkish Society of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Hernia Society, Turkish Society of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, and the Turkish Society of Hospital Infections and Control, was formed to analyze relevant studies in the literature. Ultimately, the suggestions for adults found in this consensus report were developed using available data from Turkey, referring predominantly to the 2010 guidelines for diagnosing and managing complicated IAIs in adults and children by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Surgical Infection Society. The recommendations are presented in two sections, from the initial diagnostic evaluation of patients to the treatment approach for IAI. This Consensus Report was presented at the EKMUD 2016 Congress in Antalya and was subsequently opened for suggestions on the official websites of the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Specialty Society of Turkey and Turkish Surgical Association for one month. The manuscript was revised according to the feedback receive

Recommendations for Intra-abdominal Infections “Consensus Report”

Guidelines include recommendations of experts from various specialties within a topic in consideration of data specific to each country. However, to date there has not been a guideline standardizing the nomenclature and offering recommendations for intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) in Turkey. This is mainly due to the paucity of laboratory studies regarding the clinical diagnosis and treatment of IAIs or the sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from patients with IAIs. However, due to the diversification of host characteristics and advancements in technological treatment methods, it has become imperative to “speak a common language”. For this purpose, meetings were formed under the leadership of the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Specialty Society of Turkey (EKMUD) consisting of 15 experts in IAIs from the Turkish Surgical Association, Turkish Society of Colon, Turkish Hernia Society, Turkish Society of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, and the Turkish Society of Hospital Infections and Control; and relevant studies were analyzed.. Ultimately, the suggestions for adults found in this consensus report were prepared using available data from Turkey, and referring predominantly to the 2010 guidelines for diagnosing and managing complicated IAIs in adults and children by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Surgical Infection Society. Recommendations are conducted in two sections from the initial evaluation of patients for diagnosis to treatment approach for IAI. This Consensus Report was presented in Turkey EKMUD 2016 Congress/Antalya and subsequently opened for any suggestions in Turkey EKMUD and Turkish Surgical Association official web sites for a month. The manuscript was updated according to the suggestions