Unfavorable apoAI-containing lipoproteins profile in Tunisian obese women group

ApoAI-containing lipoproteins, which have been reported in relation with the development of ischemic diseases, have never been studied in obese subjects that have any other factor affecting the lipoproteins metabolism. Control and obese women groups were constituted on the basis of the body weight: less than 110% and more than 125% of the ideal body weight, respectively. Different lipid and lipoprotein parameters, including the two apoAI-containing lipoproteins species, were quantified. Compared to control group, obese group exhibited a higher levels of plasma triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-triglycerides (HDL-TG) and lipoproteins with both apo AI and apo AII (LpAI:AII) but a lower values of plasma-apoAI percentage associated with LpAI particles (P < 0.05). The other studied parameters, including the distribution of apoAI and LpAI between HDL and non-HDL fractions, were similar in the two subject groups. In our obese subjects, plasma TG appear to be the more determinant for the atherosclerosis risk as suggested by their strong positive and negative correlation with LpAI:AII (P < 0.001) and with LpAI/LpAI:AII, respectively. The profile of apoAI-containing lipoproteins appears to be more sensitive to obesity effect than traditional lipid and lipoprotein parameters. The nature of its alteration could explain, at least in part, the association of obesity with high atherosclerosis risk.Key words: Obesity, atherosclerosis, apoAI-containing lipoproteins

Change of Diet, Plasma Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Fatty Acids during Ramadan: A Controversial Association of the Considered Ramadan Model with Atherosclerosis Risk

Different Islamic populations have different alimentary habits, notably during Ramadan. The paper reports the change of diet, lipids, and lipoproteins produced during Ramadan in one Tunisian population. During Ramadan, the study subjects consumed more proteins, cholesterol, vitamin E (p<0.01), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.05). At the same time, they exhibited an increase in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p<0.01) and apoprotein B (p<0.05) and a decrease in the ratio of apoprotein AI to apoprotein B (p<0.01). All assayed saturated fatty acids were unaffected by Ramadan fasting while three unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1cis9, C18:2n-6, and C30:4n-6) increased significantly. A return to the habitual diet for a four-week period was not sufficient to restore the pre-fasting patterns. For the study subjects, Ramadan was clearly associated with a change of diet and biochemical profile but its effective impact on atherosclerosis risk was unclear, perhaps, because other non-alimentary changes ought to be considered too. Future studies considering the non-alimentary factors, such as sleep and physical activity, would be useful to clarify the contribution of dietary change in the observed modification of biological profile

Change of Diet, Plasma Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Fatty Acids during Ramadan: A Controversial Association of the Considered Ramadan Model with Atherosclerosis Risk

Different Islamic populations have different alimentary habits, notably during Ramadan. The paper reports the change of diet, lipids, and lipoproteins produced during Ramadan in one Tunisian population. During Ramadan, the study subjects consumed more proteins, cholesterol, vitamin E (p&lt;0.01), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p&lt;0.05). At the same time, they exhibited an increase in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p&lt;0.01) and apoprotein B (p&lt;0.05) and a decrease in the ratio of apoprotein AI to apoprotein B (p&lt;0.01). All assayed saturated fatty acids were unaffected by Ramadan fasting while three unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1cis9, C18:2n-6, and C30:4n-6) increased significantly. A return to the habitual diet for a four-week period was not sufficient to restore the pre-fasting patterns. For the study subjects, Ramadan was clearly associated with a change of diet and biochemical profile but its effective impact on atherosclerosis risk was unclear, perhaps, because other non-alimentary changes ought to be considered too. Future studies considering the non-alimentary factors, such as sleep and physical activity, would be useful to clarify the contribution of dietary change in the observed modification of biological profile

Production of hydrolysates and peptides from a new protein source: Diplodus annularis

International audienc

Production of hydrolysates and peptides from a new protein sourc e: Diplodus annularis

International audienc

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides FQPSF and LKYPI identified in Bacillus subtilis A26 hydrolysate of thornback ray muscle Authors

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides have been searched in thornback ray (Raja clavata) muscle hydrolysed with Bacillus subtilis A26 proteases until a hydrolysis degree of 18.35%. The hydrolysate showed an IC50 of 0.83 mg mL−1. To identify peptides responsible for this activity, the extract was eluted through size-exclusion chromatography and fractions collected. The highest ACE inhibitory activity was found for fractions F2 and F3 which had IC50 of 0.42 and 0.51 mg mL−1, respectively. These fractions were analysed by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). A total of 131 and 108 peptide sequences mainly derived from actin, myosin heavy chain and procollagen alpha 1 chain proteins were identified in fractions F2 and F3, respectively. FQPSF and LKYPI showed the best results with an IC50 of 12.56 and 27.07 μM, respectively. These results prove the potential of thornback ray muscle hydrolysate as a source of ACE inhibitory peptides.This work was funded by a grant from the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia and grant Prometeo/2012/001 from Conselleria d´Educació Cultura i Sport of Generalitat Valenciana, both are acknowledged. JAEDOC- CSIC postdoctoral contract cofounded by ESF to L.M. is also acknowledgedPeer reviewe

Effets de deux hydrolysats de protéines de poisson (Sardina pilchardus et Sardinella aurita) sur le transport inverse du cholestérol et le statut redox, chez le rat soumis à un régime enrichi en cholestérol |Effects of two fish protein hydrolysates (Sardina pilchardus and Sardinella aurita) on reverse cholesterol transport and redox status, in rat fed a cholesterol-enriched diet]

Introduction. Several studies have reported that marine peptides have antioxidant effect. However, few have focused on their cholesterol-lowering effect. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sardine (Sardina pilchardus ) and sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) protein hydrolysates on reverse cholesterol transport, and antioxidant status, in rat fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. Materials and methods. Eighteen male Wistar rats (350±15g) were divided into three groups, and fed 20% casein and 1% cholesterol for 15 days. During this period, two groups received by gavage sardine protein hydrolysates (HPS) or sardinelle (HPA) solution. The 3rd group received water (GC). Results. Cholesterolemia was 1.7-fold lower in hydrolysates fed groups. The lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was respectively, 1.7- and 1.6-fold higher in HPS and HPA groups. Phospholipids values of high density lipoprotein (PL-HDL ) were 1.4-fold lower in HPS compared with GC group. Cholesteryl esters amounts of HDL (CE-HDL ) were respectively, 1.7- and 1.5-fold higher in HPS and HPA groups. Liver and muscle thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were respectively reduced by 68% and 29% in HPS and 48.5% and 63.6% in HPA group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased by 32% in liver and 78% in muscle of HPA. Conclusion. It seems that HPS and HPA act favorably on reverse cholesterol transport, and improve oxidative stress, in rat fed cholesterol- enriched diet