Serial changes in the serum levels of leptin, homocysteine, galectin-3, total phospholipids and hexosamines among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

AbstractBackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disorder in adults. This study was performed to elucidate the role of active leptin, homocysteine, galectin-3, total phospholipids, total, bound, free hexosamines, free-to-bound hexosamines ratio in the pathogenesis of chronic myocardial ischemia and studying the effect of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on their serum levels.MethodsA prospective case control study was carried out on 100 ischemic heart disease male patients undergoing elective CABG and 25 healthy males. Serum levels of total phospholipids, total and free hexosamines, were estimated using spectrophotometric methods, while, serum levels of active leptin, homocysteine and galectin-3 were estimated using ELISA assay kit.ResultsSignificant higher serum active leptin, homocysteine, galectin-3, free hexosamines and free to bound hexosamines ratio levels preoperatively when compared with the control group (p < 0.01 for all) with significant lowering of their serum levels following CABG (p < 0.01 for all) except for active leptin. Significant lower serum total phospholipids, total and bound hexosamines levels preoperatively when compared with the control group (p < 0.01 for all) with significant elevations in their serum levels following CABG (p < 0.01 for all).ConclusionsHigh active leptin, homocysteine, galectin-3, free and free to bound hexosamines ratio and low total phospholipids, total and bound hexosamines play an important role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia. The serum levels of homocysteine, galectin-3, hexosamines and total phospholipids, but not active leptin are significantly lowered following CABG

TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY FOR EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE ANTERIOR SEGMENT OF THE EYE

Anterior parts of the eye are susceptible to infections caused by different bacterial species. The use of suitable therapeutic measures in case of ocular infections can be sight saving. The appropriate therapy depends on selecting the right antibacterial as well as an efficient drug delivery system. Despite their accessibility, topical delivery of the selected antibiotic into the anterior ocular parts is still a challenging issue due to the complex nature of the eye. Ocular therapy would be significantly improved by modifying the physicochemical properties of the drug and by prolonging its pre-corneal residence time. This review will help pharmaceutical formulators to identify different parts of the eye and the corresponding bacterial infections, ocular barriers to drug delivery, and general consideration when formulating ocular drug delivery systems for the treatment of eye infections

Generalized thermal microstretch elastic solid with harmonic wave for mode-I crack problem

A general model of the equations of generalized thermo-microstretch for an infinite space weakened by a finite linear opening mode-I crack is solved. Considered material is the homogeneous isotropic elastic half space. The crack is subjected to a prescribed temperature and stress distribution. The formulation is applied to generalized thermoelasticity theories, using mathematical analysis with the purview of the Lord-Şhulman (involving one relaxation time) and Green-Lindsay (includes two relaxation times) theories with respect to the classical dynamical coupled theory (CD). The harmonic wave method has been used to obtain the exact expression for normal displacement, normal stress force, coupled stresses, microstress and temperature distribution. Variations of the considered fields with the horizontal distance are explained graphically. A comparison is also made between the three theories and for different depths for the case of copper crystal

CHITOSAN MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL FILMS: EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CASTING SOLVENTS ON THEIR PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Objective: The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of different casting solvents on the physicochemical properties of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) chitosan mucoadhesive buccal films.Methods: Screening formulations were prepared by casting solvent technique using organic acids; 1% acetic acid (AA), 1% lactic acid (LA) and inorganic acid; 0.1N HCl (FS1-FS3). Then, 21X31 factorial design study was done using 2 factors; solvent type (AA, LA, Mixture of 0.1N HCl and LA) and solvent concentration (AA and LA; 1%, 2% and mixture of 0.1N HCl: 1% LA; 2:1, 1:2). Films were evaluated for their physicochemical properties through, mechanical properties, mucoadhesion, in vitro release of CPC and antimicrobial activity.Results: The studied factors showed a significant effect on both mucoadhesion and tensile strength. Film casted from 0.1 N HCl was brittle and did not show any elasticity, so it was used in further studies mixed with LA to improve physicochemical properties of the prepared films. Films casted from LA showed swelling for an initial period of 15 min then no more swelling occurred while swelling of those casted from AA occurred throughout approximately 2 h. A film containing 2:1 HCl: LA (F5) dissolved in both media while 1:2 HCl: LA (F6) showed swelling properties. This was reflected on the in vitro release of CPC in which F5 gave higher % released (DE300 min 54.37%) than the other formulations.Conclusion: Casting solvent was proved to have a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of chitosan CPC mucoadhesive films

التخصير والنشاط البيولوجي لبعض المشتقات الجديدة لمركبات 4 - أمينو اسيل أمينو بيريدين و 2 - أمينو اسيل امينو بيريدين

The synthesis of 4-(N-Tos and N-Pht-aminoacyI) aminopyridines (III - XIV) and 2-(N-Pht-aminoacyl)-aminopyriniidines (XV-XXIV) has been achieved employing the acid chloride and carbodiimide methods. Hydrazinolysis of 4-(N-Pht-Gly or -B-Ala-) aminopyridines or 2-(N-Pht-L-Phe- or -B-Ala-) aminopyrimidines in ethanol afforded the desired 4-(GIy- or B-Ala) aminopyridines (XXV - XXVI) and 2-(L-Phe- or B-Ala) aminopyrimidines (XXVII - XXVIII) respectively. 4-(N-Pht- or N-Tos-dipeptidyl) aminopyridines (XXIX - XXXVI) are synthesized via the DCC method and 2-(N-Tos-L-Val-L-Leu) aminopyrimidine (XXXVII) via the azide method. The amino acid derivatives (XV, XVI, XXI, XXII, XXV, XXVI, XXVIII) and the dipeptide (XXXVII) are found to be active against a number of microorganisms.تضمن البحث تخليق مجموعه جديدة من مركبات 4 - ( ن - توزيل أون - فثاليل - امينو اسيل ) إمينو بيريدين و 2 - ( ن – توزيل أون - فثاليل - امينو اسيل ) امينو بيريدين وذلك باستخدام طريقه الكلوريد الحامضي والكاريود ايميد . ومعالجة مركبات 4 - ( ن - فثاليل جلاسيل أو الانيل ) - امينو ييريدين ومشتقات 2 - ( ن - فثاليل فينيل الانيل او ييتا الانيل ) امينو بيريدين في الايثانول نتجت المشتقات الطليقة المحتوية على مجموعات الامين الغير محمية . وشمل البحث على تخليق مجموعة من مركبات 4 - ( ن - فثاليل اون - توزيل - بيتيد ثنائى ) امينو بيريدين وذلك باستخدام طريقة الكاريودايميد ومركب 2 - ( ن توزيل فثأليل - ليوسيل ) امينو بيريدين باستخدام طريقة الازيد . وبدراسة النشاط البيولوجى للمركبات اللي تم تخليقها اتضح إن عدد ثمانية مركبات ذات نشاط بيولوجي عال تجاه مختلف الكائنات الدقيقة

Thermodynamics of Ion-Association in Aqueous Solutions of Calcium Phthalate & Terphthalate Using Ion-Selective Electrode Technique

817-81

Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Activities of Egyptian Carob Pods (<i>Ceratonia siliqua</i> L.) Aqueous Extract: In Vitro Study

Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) is an evergreen Mediterranean tree, and carob pods are potentially nutritive and have medicinal value. The present study was carried out to estimate the possible biological activities of phytochemical-characterized carob pod aqueous extract (CPAE). The phytochemical contents of CPAE were determined by using colorimetric methods and HPLC. In addition, the free radical scavenging properties and anti-diabetic, anti-hemolytic, and antimicrobial activities were estimated by using standardized in vitro protocols. The phytochemical analysis revealed that CPAE was rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, where it contained a significant amount of gallic acid, catechin, and protocatechuic acid. Furthermore, CPAE exhibited strong antioxidant activity where it prevented the formation of 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide free radicals. Additionally, it had a potent inhibitory effect against digestive enzymes (amylase, maltase, sucrase, and lactase). Moreover, CPAE exhibited anti-Staph aureus, anti-Escherichia coli, anti-Candida albicans, and anti-herpes simplex type I virus (HSV-I). Finally, CPAE protected the erythrocyte membrane from hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis. Altogether, CPAE could be regarded as an interesting source of biologically active antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and antimicrobial preparation for a potential application in pharmaceutical and food supplement fields

Alexandrie (actions du Centre d’études alexandrines, 2021)

International audienc