Genom Editing of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using CRISPR-Cas9 System: A Review Study

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important yeast has been exploited for a long time to produce alcohol or bread. Moreover, genetically engineered S. cerevisiae cells continue to be used as cell factories for production of biofuels, pharmaceutical proteins and food additives. Genetically modified strain of S. cerevisiae created using traditional methods is laborious and time consuming. Recently, originally an immune system in archaea and bacteria, Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats “CRISPR” and CRISPR-associated “Cas” have been used exploited  as a flexible tool for genome editing. Until now, this tool has been applied to many organisms including yeast. Here, we review the importance of S. cerevisiae as an industrial platform and the use of CRISPR/Cas system and its applications in research and industry of this yeast. &nbsp

Effect of Rubber Treated by Acidic Solution On Some Mechanical Properties of Rubberize Cement Mortar

In the present work, the properties of rubberize cement mortar containingcrumb rubber treated by acidic solution are tested and compared with normal rubberize and normal cement mortar.The rubber, which is treated by different acidic solution such as: (H2SO4, HCl and CH3COOH) is used as a fine aggregate as avolumetric partial replacement of sand in cement mortar. The percent of replacement ranged from 5 to 30%.Compressive strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity (static and dynamic) a retested for all mixes. Cubes of cement mortar also tested by ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and hammer tests method to show the effect of treated rubber on the UPV and hammer tests and to demonstrate the possibility of this methods for estimating the compressive strength of rubberize cement mortar.The results show that the treatment of rubber by acidic solution significantly improves the properties of rubberize cement mortar. Moreover the results show that CH3COOH gives better improvement compared withH2SO4. The treatment of rubber by HCl shows negative effects on all cement mortar properties

Mechanical Properties and Dynamic Response of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beam

The study is conducted to perform two goals: The first geal is to produce a lightweight concrete using major components which are locally available with some standard admixtures.Many mixtures are prepared using many ratios of superplasticizer (SP) and silica fume (SF) admixtures to yield a lightweight aggregate concrete, the effects of using different ratios of these admixtures on unit weight, compressive strength and flexural strength are studied individually and accumulatively. The secondis to study the dynamic specifications of normal and lightweight reinforced concrete beams. The results showed that the increasing in dosage of superplasticizer (SP) for (LWAC) increases the density of (LWAC), and the increasing in dosage of silica fume (SF) decreases the density of (LWAC). The experimental impact tests for R.C. beams shows that the lightweight R.C. beams have a better response under impact loading with respect to the maximum dynamic deflection (2.955mm for normal weight beam and 1.58mm for lightweight beam). Also,Impact force transferred to supports reactions of lightweight beams is smaller within 45% than the impact force transferred to reaction of normal weight concrete under the same impact load, and the time to reach 90% damping equal to 1.223 sec and 1.6 sec for lightweight and normalweight R.C. beams respectively. Also, the reinforced concrete beams are tested under repeated impact load up to failure. The tests showed that the no. of blows to cause first crack for lightweight concrete beams more than twice of this for normalweight concrete beams

An image registration technique to enhance PCB inspection algorithms with real images

It is well known that real PCD image inspection based on referential approaches faces misalignment problems in detecting defects between a template image and a defective image. Hence, a reliable image registration technique is needed to align these two images perfectly. Hence, a registration technique which incorporates affine transformation and bi-cubic interpolation has been proposed. Experimental results have shown that this registration technique is suitable to be employed to obtain well-aligned defective images before detection algorithm takes place in PCD inspection

Echocardiographic Assessment Of Left Ventricular Systolic Function Among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Managed In Ebn Sena Dialysis Center In Diyala

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are prevalent in patients with chronic  kidney disease and represent the major hazard for mortality in this population . Left ventricular hypertrophy is a cardiovascular complication in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy in dialysis patients has generally a bad prognostic value, because it represents a risk factor for the development of cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, heart failure and sudden death. Objective: To study  left ventricular systolic functions by Echocardiography in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis  program and their relation with some risk factors. Patients and Methods: 100 patients with end stage renal failure on dialysis were studied  by echocardiography, the patients were divided into two groups, the first group   with normal echo study , while the second group consisted of patients with left ventricular  systolic dysfunction. Risk factors  including age , sex , duration of dialysis , hypertension, DM, and hemoglobin levels were compared between the groups. Results: Left Ventricular  disorders occurred in 65% , 34% of patients showed left  ventricular  systolic dysfunction , , older age  group, longer duration of dialysis  , hypertension ,DM, and anemia were found to be significantly associated  with  left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Conclusion: Our study concluded that large numbers of end-stage renal disease patients have hypertension and diabetes as the etiology of their disease, which could be prevented by better approach in controlling blood pressure and blood sugar.         Anaemia is a major problem and as a predictor of cardiovascular risk factor for those patients. Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Study are prognostic predictors in chronic kidney disease patients, which suggest that echocardiography may play a vital role in assessing cardiac morphology and functions in those patients

Assessment the knowledge of mothers regarding Diarrhea of Children less than five years at Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) Arbit camp: A descriptive study

Diarrhea is the 2nd chief reason of child death widespread. Low- and middle-income countries are especially exhausting with this both avoidable and treatable condition. Aim: To investigate how children’s health less than five years affected by diarrhea at Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Arbit camp. This study was carried out from december22th 2015 to march 20th 2016. Non-probability sampling a convenience sample of (103) mothers of internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) Arbit camp were selected for the purpose of the study.. It was comprised of two parts; the first part includes the mothers' demographic attributes and the second part assessed the knowledge of diarrhea with (20) yes or on questions. The main results obtained from the study are as follows, more than the half (54.40%) of mothers are (18-25) years old, the (49.50%) of mothers have moderate Socio-economic status, (99.00%of mothers are housewife,, also (54.40%) of the mothers have one child less than five years. The (46.60%) of mothers are illiterate and only (32.00%) of husband read and write and According to the family size of the study (51.50%) of mothers has five children. About the distance of water sources (56.30%) of mothers needs more than 5 minutes to reach water sources, (47.60%) of them have received health education regarding diarrhea held in primary health care center. There was statistically significant relationship between mother’s knowledge of diarrhea and (age group, educational level of husband, educational level of the mother, and occupational status of mother, socioeconomic status, and source of information). So the following recommendation is  suggested, highlight the need for excessive nutritional educational program, about diarrhea should be implemented for mothers, good sanitation and improvement of housing conditions especially water resources at arbit cam

DNA SEQUENCE DESIGN FOR DNA COMPUTATION BASED ON BINARY PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION

Abstract. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) has certain unique properties such as selfassembly and self-complementary in hybridization, whic

Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2: A Cohort Study in Qatar's Primary Care Settings.

Globally, countries are rolling out Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) quarantine policies and vaccination programs. Research studies are needed in helping understand the likelihood of acquired immunity to reinfection and identify priority groups for vaccination to inform them. This study aimed to assess period prevalence and longitudinal changes in antibody levels after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Qatari primary care settings. A cohort study design with 2 data collection phases was undertaken-Phase 1 (conducted in July 2020) and Phase 2 (conducted in October 2020). A stratified random sampling technique by age, gender and nationality was utilized to identify the study sample. The total sample size required for the study was estimated to be 2102. Participants were invited to an appointment where they were administered a questionnaire and provided samples for polymerase chain reaction and Immunoglobulin G immunoassay tests. A total of 943 individuals participated in both Phase 1 and Phase 2. In this cohort, seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was found to be 12% (N = 113) in Phase 1 and 17.2% (N = 162) in Phase 2. Of the 113 participants who were seropositive in Phase 1, 38.1% (CI 29.5-47.2%, N = 43) had a reduction, 54.9% (CI 45.7-63.8%, N = 62) had no change, and 7.1% (CI 3.4-12.9%, N = 8) had an increase in IgG titer in Phase 2. All (N = 18) participants aged 10 to 17 years retained their antibodies. The proportion of men who retained their antibodies was slightly higher compared to women-92.5% (N = 74) and 87.9% (N = 29) respectively. Similarly, symptomatic individuals (97.8%; N = 45) had a higher antibody retention compared with asymptomatic individuals (86.4%; N = 57). This study provides preliminary information on the longitudinal changes in antibody levels after SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings will help inform quarantine policies and vaccination programs.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was funded by PHCC (PHCCDCR202005047).The funders had no role in the design, analysis, interpretation, or writing

Assessment and Management of Scabies in Primary Care Settings

Scabies is an overlooked tropical illness that yet has significant worldwide effects and lasting health repercussions. The condition is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabei var. hominis, which is a parasitic organism that dwells on the outer layer of the human skin. Scabies is prevalent in impoverished neighborhoods as a result of the high population density in locations such as nursing homes, correctional facilities, and among homeless and displaced children. Nevertheless, modern nations are also prone to scabies infestations, particularly in cases of institutional outbreaks or mini epidemics occurring after conflict or natural calamities. Scabies diagnosis can be aided by both invasive and noninvasive techniques. This paper reviews assessment diagnosis, and management of scabies in primary health care settings