Quantum gravitational optics: the induced phase

The geometrical approximation of the extended Maxwell equation in curved spacetime incorporating interactions induced by the vacuum polarization effects is considered. Taking into account these QED interactions and employing the analogy between eikonal equation in geometrical optics and Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the particle motion, we study the phase structure of the modified theory. There is a complicated, local induced phase which is believed to be responsible for the modification of the classical picture of light ray. The main features of QGO could be obtained through the study of this induced phase. We discuss initial principles in conventional and modified geometrical optics and compare the results.Comment: 10 pages, REVTex forma

A sociological approach to the concept of God amongst Iranian youth

One of the most fundamental concepts in Sociology of Religion, the concept of God, was emphasised in this article. Although the God concept is not the same as the transcendental existence of God, it is this concept that is the most fundamental social construct in the entire history of world religions. The aim of this article was the conceptual reconstruction of God amongst the youth of Iran, who may be free from a theological approach. This article aimed to examine the God concept in the ‘epistemological’, ‘emotional’ and ‘social action’ domains. The Iranian society is in transition, faced with delusion about the traditional and modern belief systems, and multiplicity of interpretations and new presentation of One God Allah. A spectrum of these plural presentations of God embodies micro and macro social levels. Some of the most important of these concepts are: individual and personal concept of God, the God in family, in educational system, in religious rituals, and the dominant concept in the society

Application of AI in Modeling of Real System in Chemistry

In recent years, discharge of synthetic dye waste from different industries leading to aquatic and environmental pollution is a serious global problem of great concern. Hence, the removal of dye prediction plays an important role in wastewater management and conservation of nature. Artificial intelligence methods are popular owing due to its ease of use and high level of accuracy. This chapter proposes a detailed review of artificial intelligence-based removal dye prediction methods particularly multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM). Furthermore, this chapter will focus on ensemble prediction models (EPMs) used for removal dye prediction. EPMs improve the prediction accuracy by integrating several prediction models. The principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of these artificial intelligence-based methods are explained in this chapter. Furthermore, future directions of the research on artificial intelligence-based removal dye prediction methods are discussed

Implementation of the Integrated TOD Spatial Model for Jakarta Metropolitan Region

Jakarta Metropolitan Region (JMR) is the biggest megacity urban areas in Indonesia. However,theexistingpublictransportfacilitiesarenotadequatelyfulfillingthedemand ofitsinhabitant.Therefore,itisimportantforovercomingthoseissueswithshedlighton the integration of spatial and transportation by applying Transit Oriented Development (TOD) model. The method of this paper using the spatial and transportation approach by differentiates TOD each railway stations based on the typology. The results were that the TOD spatial model is focusing on solving public transport issues related to urban planning. Therefore, certain policy from stakeholders for this region greatly encourages transport planning in a more sustainable manner

Site-dependent charge transfer at the Pt(111)-ZnPc interface and the effect of iodine

The electronic structure of ZnPc, from sub-monolayers to thick films, on bare and iodated Pt(111) is studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Our results suggest that at low coverage ZnPc lies almost parallel to the Pt(111) substrate, in a non-planar configuration induced by Zn-Pt attraction, leading to an inhomogeneous charge distribution within the molecule and charge transfer to the molecule. ZnPc does not form a complete monolayer on the Pt surface, due to a surface-mediated intermolecular repulsion. At higher coverage ZnPc adopts a tilted geometry, due to a reduced molecule-substrate interaction. Our photoemission results illustrate that ZnPc is practically decoupled from Pt, already from the second layer. Pre-deposition of iodine on Pt hinders the Zn-Pt attraction, leading to a non-distorted first layer ZnPc in contact with Pt(111)-I $\left(\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}\right)$ or Pt(111)-I $\left(\sqrt{7}\times\sqrt{7}\right)$, and a more homogeneous charge distribution and charge transfer at the interface. On increased ZnPc thickness iodine is dissolved in the organic film where it acts as an electron acceptor dopant.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure

Preparation of PMMA/CNT Microcellular Foam Using Supercritical CO2

Controlling the cell size and cell density of microcellular foams has an important influence on polymer-ic foams properties. By using nanoparticles in polymers and supercritical fluids as foaming agent, it is pos-sible to create microcellular foams with controlled morphology. In this article surface modified carbon nanotube (CNT) was used to prepare Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposite. Dry ice was used as the source of supercritical CO2 in foam production. Microcellular foams were prepared form PMMA/CNT nanocomposites. The cell morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the cell size and cell density were calculated via image analysis. The effect of CNT on cell size and cell density of foams was investigated. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3543