Perencanaan & Penganggaran Bagi Pengelolaan Hutan Berbasis Masyarakat Di Indonesia

The weak commitment of central and local government to community forest management is seen in the poor planning and budget allocation for community forestry schemes (HKm), village forests (HD), and community forests (HTR) at ground level. To solve this problem, Kemitraan has studied the planning and budget allocation for community-based forest management, especially HKm, HD and HTR both at national and regional level. The study examines four provinces : Jambi, West Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, and South East Sulawesi, as well as the coordination between central and local governments, presenting policy recommendations to address problems and sucessfully implement social forestry acceleration in Indonesia

Penentuan Konstanta A dan K dalam Persamaan Mark-Houwink- Sakurada (MHS) untuk Menentukan Massa Molekul Poli (Asam Laktat) Diol

Poli(asam laktat) diol (PLA-OH) telah disintesis melalui reaksi polimerisasi kondensasi asam laktat dan 1,4-butanadiol. Berat molekul rata-rata (Mn, Mw, dan Mz) PLA-OH ditentukan dengan analisis menggunakan Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Viskositas intrinsiknya diukur pada konsentrasi 0,2 g/dL dan temperatur 298 K menggunakan pelarut kloroform. Melalui metode numerik berhasil ditentukan nilai a dan K dalam persamaan Mark- Houwink-Sakurada untuk PLA-OH, yaitu [η] = 3,532 x 10-4Mv 0,628 = 3,532 x 10-4qMHS 0,628 = 3,415 x 10-4Mw 0,62

Optical fiber Bragg grating-based pressure sensor for soil monitoring applications

An optical-based pressure sensor for a 150 × 150 mm surface was designed and fabricated. The sensor utilizes a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) attached to a 30 × 30 × 30 mm actuator as the pressure sensing mechanism. The middle section of the actuator, which is circular, can bend into an elliptical form and, in the process, pull the FBGP via both ends when force or pressure is applied, thus converting the pressure applied to its surface into a wavelength shift. In laboratory testing, a sensitivity of 0.152 nm∕kPa was obtained. Subsequently, the pressure sensor was tested in the field by burying it 20 cm underground to measure soil pressure, while another FBG was spliced in series to the FBGP to compensate for temperature variations. Testing shows that the proposed design can realize a compact optical-based pressure sensor with enhanced soil monitoring applications such as dynamic soil pressure caused by soil movement

Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Background: The EMPA KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. Methods: EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. Findings: Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5–2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62–0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16–1·59), representing a 50% (42–58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). Interpretation: In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council

Metal chloride salts in the preparation of activated carbon and their hazardous outlook

Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) is a well-known activating agent in the preparation of activated carbon, a material that is widely used in the treatment of wastewater. However, the use of ZnCl2 rendering the inevitable aquatic environmental issues due to the toxicity of metal cations. This paper highlights an overview on the latest development of metal chloride-activated carbon with special focus on the characteristics of activated carbon and the hazardous effects of metal chloride salts on human health and environment. The discussion is directed to shed some light on the feasible use of less hazardous metal chloride salts in the preparation of activated carbon

Compressive behaviour of Neovius Triply Periodic Minimal Surface cellular structure manufactured by fused deposition modelling

Compressive behaviour of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface type Neovius structure is investigated. The structure was manufactured by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Additive Manufacturing technology in ABS material. The Neovius cellular structures with four different unit cell sizes of 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm with the volume fractions of 15%, 20% and 25% were investigated. Morphology of the samples was analysed through optical microscopy, and the pore and strut sizes were compared for the designed model and FDM samples. During the compression test, the Neovius structure showed the oscillating behaviour of the stress–strain curve with the larger unit cell size showing fracture across multiple layers in different orientations. Optical analysis of the struts after the compression tests showed that struts are the weakest link with the highest stressed area and the fracture was seen initiated at the struts. Both compressive modulus and strength increased with the increase in volume fraction.

Comparative study on the enhancement of thermo-mechanical properties of carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites

This work is the part of a study on the enhancement of thermo-mechanical properties of Epoxy by incorporating carbon and glass fiber and preparing epoxy composites and are rarely used before. The composite/laminates of Carbon fiber/Epoxy (CFE) and Glass fiber/Epoxy (GFE) having 1.5 mm thickness were prepared by hand layup vacuum bagging technique. The fiber-epoxy ratios for preparation of CFE and GFE were 40:60, 50:50 and 60:40 by weight percent. Thermal properties of the composites were investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), while mechanical properties were examined using Universal testing machine (UTM) in terms of tensile strength and Young's modulus. The tensile strength of CFE were enhanced to 844.44%, 951.11% and 1122.22% by incorporation of carbon fiber having 40, 50 and 60 wt%, respectively. While the increase of 156.66%, 171.10% and 197.77% in tensile strength of GFE was noticed when 40, 50 and 60 wt% of glass fiber was incorporated. The glass transition temperature (Tg) increased from 71 °C of neat epoxy to 110 °C for both the epoxy composites. Overall, the properties of CFE were found to be much superior to that of GFE

Effects of physical activation on pore textures and heavy metals removal of fiber-based activated carbons

Fiber-based activated carbons were prepared from phenolic and rayon fibers through physical activation methods. The raw materials were activated using steam and CO2, and the resultant activated carbons were characterized for pore distribution, textural properties and heavy metals removal. Two commercial activated carbon fibers, namely Fe400 and A10 were also employed for comparison. Activated carbon fiber with a higher specific surface area of 2938 m2/g was prepared from phenolic fiber by steam activation at 900 °C for 1 h. The material is microporous with pores concentrated at supermicropore region. The activated carbon fiber also demonstrates a greater removal of copper(II) and lead(II) at 50% and 75%, respectively, tied-up with its textural properties

Effect of reconstruction parameters on cone beam CT trabecular bone microstructure quantification in sheep

This is the final version. Available on open access from BMC via the DOI in this recordAvailability of data and materials: The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.BACKGROUND: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a reliable radiographic modality to assess trabecular bone microarchitecture. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of CBCT image reconstruction parameters, namely, the threshold value and reconstruction voxel size, on trabecular bone microstructure assessment. METHODS: Five sectioned maxilla of adult Dorper male sheep were scanned using a CBCT system with a resolution of 76 μm3 (Kodak 9000). The CBCT images were reconstructed using different reconstruction parameters and analysed. The effect of reconstruction voxel size (76, 100 and 200 μm3) and threshold values (±15% from the global threshold value) on trabecular bone microstructure measurement was assessed using image analysis software (CT analyser version 1.15). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in trabecular bone microstructure measurement between the reconstruction voxel sizes, but a significant difference (Tb.N = 0.03, Tb.Sp = 0.04, Tb.Th = 0.01, BV/TV = 0.00) was apparent when the global threshold value was decreased by 15%. CONCLUSIONS: Trabecular bone microstructure measurements are not compromised by changing the CBCT reconstruction voxel size. However, measurements can be affected when applying a threshold value of less than 15% of the recommended global value.Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM)Malaysia Higher Education Fundamental Research Grant SchemeMinistry of Higher Education, Malaysi

Coordinated SPD systems for mitigating the effect of lightning-induced voltage on hybrid solar PV-battery energy storage system

This paper discusses the effect of lightning-induced voltage on a hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage system (BESS) without an external lightning protection system (LPS). Solar PV generates electricity by converting solar energy and providing it to the user. In addition, battery energy storage is also utilised to supply consistency and satisfy the need for energy. However, because the system is installed in open spaces, lightning has always been a huge difficulty for it to work at optimal efficiency. In this paper, the single SPD Class I was installed near the inverter on the DC side. The study on cable length with various lightning current amplitude and lightning strike distance is conducted. The simulation findings found that the inverter is well protected by the SPD whereby the impulse withstand voltage is 6 kV, however, the solar PV-BESS is affected by the lightning-induced voltage regardless of any cable length. In this way, providing the requirement for an adequate SPD installation will ensure improved maintenance and extend the equipment’s lifespan