Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Ibu dalam Pemberian Imunisasi Hepatitis B 0-7 Hari di Kota Banjarmasin

Background: Indonesia belongs to medium and high endemic country of hepatitis B (HB) with the prevalence as much as 8% - 20% of the population. The risk for the prevalence of chronic HB is much more higher among infants infected during birth 90%, among children of 1 – 5 years 30% - 60%, and among adults 2%-6%. If infants of 0-7 days old are given the first dosage of HB immunization, the prevalence of being HB chronic patients is 23% and if the first dosage is given when infants are one months old, the prevalence of being HB chronic patients is 40%. The coverage of HB immunization for infants of 0-7 days old at Banjarmasin Municipality in 2006 was only 41%.Objective: The study aimed to identify the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and behavior of mothers in giving HB immunization to infants of 0-7 days old at Banjarmasin Municipality.Method: The study was observational and used cross sectional design. Subject of the study were 170 mothers having infants of 0-12 months chosen using consecutive sampling technique at 5 health centers with different coverage of HB immunization of infant of 0-7 days old. Data analysis used chi square and logistic regression. Strength of relationship was calculated using prevalence ratio with CI 95%.Result: The result of bivariable analysis showed that there was relationship between behavior of mothers in giving 0-7 day HB in immunization and knowledge RP=1.61 (CI 95%=1.35-191), attitude RP=1.49 (CI95%= 1.22-1.62), education RP=1.56 (CI95%=1.24-1.96), occupation RP=1.44 (CI95%=1.01-2.05) and birth assistants RP=1.48 (CI95%=1.21-1.82). The result of multivariable analysis using logistic regression showed that only 2 variables, i.e. knowledge and education statistically had significant relationship with behavior of mothers in giving 0-7 day HB immunization.Conclusion: There was relationship between knowledge and education and behavior of mothers in giving 0-7 day HB immunization

Grammatical Cases of the Verbs in the Quranic Verses أحكام عطف الفعل المضارع ودلالتها في آيّ القرآن الكريم

This study aims at tackling the cases in which the Quran breaks the rules established by grammarians. All attempts have been made to monitor the phenomena and evidence that the rules violated from the actions mentioned in the verses, and presented them using the contents of the grammarians’ opinions and guidance, in conjunction with the statements of the most famous interpreters. Moreover, the study reviews the opinions of key Quran interpreters given the close ties between syntax and interpretation. Through analysis and corroboration, I support some views in syntax and refute some others. The research concluded with a number of fndings and recommendations. It criticizes the absence of a reference in Arabic that includes all of the syntactical irregularities in the Quran. The presence of such a reference would enrich our knowledge and solve the problem of the information scattered in different books. And we recommend that great attention be given to this topic in response to those who criticized the Qur’an - accidentally or unintentionally. Keywords: grammatical rule, abnormal يتناول البحث دراسة لما ورد في بعضٍ من ألفاظ القرآن الكريم من مخالفة قواعد النّحاة لها، وقد حاولنا جهدنا رصد الظّواهر والشّواهد التي خالفتها القواعد من الأفعال التي وردت في الآيات، وعرضناها مستعينين بما ورد فيها من آراء النّحاة وتوجيهاتهم، مقترنة بأقوال أشهر المفسّرين، بما نعلم من عظم الوشائج بين علوم النّحو والتّفسير؛ فكلاهما مؤثّر في الآخر، وأبدينا ما نميل إليه، مرجِّحين بعض الآراء النّحويّة؛ ففضّلنا بعضها واستبعدنا آخر. وقد خلص البحث إلى عدد من النّتائج والتّوصيات الّتي خرجنا بها، تمثّلت بداية في أنّه لم يصنّف كتاب جامع في مخالفة القاعدة النّحويّة في القرآن الكريم، وإنّما كانت المعلومات متناثرة هنا وهناك، مع كثرة العلم الّذي يبحث في الإعجاز القرآنيّ اللّغويّ وغزارته، حتّى لتنوء به العصبة أولو القوّة، بل تكاد تهلك أمام عظمة القرآن، ونضوب البحر لو كان مدادًا لكلمات الله. ونوصي بإيلاء هذا الموضوع عناية كبرى للرّدّ على من طعن في القرآن - عرَضًا كان أو غرَضًا - وخطّأ بعضه؛ بحجّة ورودها مخالفة لقوانين استقراها النّحاة. كلمات مفتاحية: قاعدة نحوية، القرآن الكريم، الشاذ عن القاعد

Identifying light pollution sources at two major observatories in Malaysia

A spectral observation and analysis were conducted in order to identify the main contributor of sky brightness at two of Malaysia’s most active observatories. The light pollution observations were carried out under moonless clear night sky with a 90 mm refractor telescope and SBIG’s Self Guiding Spectrograph. We found that the main contributor to Balai Cerap Teluk Kemang (BCTK) sky brightness is High Pressure Sodium (HPS) street lighting due to its number and density used within 5 km radius of the observatory. HPS spectral lines dominate the spectrum between 556 - 640 nm, agrees with the orange hue visible to the naked eye. The intensity due to HPS lighting is so high that there was no trace of the concerned white LED spotlight less than 1 km away. However, some traces of elements from Mercury Vapor (MV) lamps at 3.6 km distance managed to reach the observatory in the green spectrum. The finding concludes that the nearby LED spotlight does not affect the night sky brightness over BCTK. Meanwhile, Langkawi National Observatory (LNO) sky profile was also observed during heavy fishing season as comparison. The sky spectra for LNO was similar to BCTK in the reds except for a very distinct peak in green region corresponding highly with green MV (532 - 547 nm) with peaks at 536 nm and 546 nm, matches the lamps used for squid fishing around the island. The intensity of the green MV light matches the intensity of HPS light sources, during the observation period of peak squid season in January. This made LNO a far less favorable condition for astronomical observing site compared to BCTK. We also found that LNO sky has brightened 3.767 times compared to finding of 2013

Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method for Solving the Linear Fredholm Integral Equations of the First Kind

The aim of this study is to present the use of a semi analytical method called the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) for solving the linear Fredholm integral equations of the first kind. Three examples are discussed to show the ability of the method to solve the linear Fredholm integral equations of the first kind. The results indicated that the method is very effective and simple

A review of the ichthyofauna of Malaysian peat swamp forest

A review of literature showed that numerous intensive surveys have been carried out on the ichthyofauna of the peat swamp forests (PSFs) of Malaysia. This review aims to provide a checklist of blackwater fish species in Malaysia from available published literature, and address their economical importance, conservation status and problems of PSFs. A total of 198 peat swamp fish species from 32 families have been recorded in Malaysia. From this number, a total of 114 species from 23 families, representing about 40% of the known fish fauna in Peninsular Malaysia, were recorded from north Selangor PSF. Meanwhile, a total of 49 species belonging to 18 families, 13 species from seven families, 58 species belonging to 19 families, and nine species from five families were recorded from the peat swamps of Perak, Johor, Pahang and East Peninsular Malaysia (parts of Pahang and Terengganu), respectively. Meanwhile, 31 species from 12 families and 40 species belonging to 13 families were recorded from Sabah and Sarawak, respectively. Family Cyprinidae has the highest recorded species, followed by Osphronemidae, Bagridae and Siluridae. The IUCN Red List revealed 12 threatened species facing risk of extinction. The importance of conserving PSFs was outlined and suggestions made in line with the objectives of conservation. Findings from literature revealed that Malaysia's PSFs are rich in fish diversity, contrary to previous belief, and should therefore be conserved and protected to ensure the richness of their fish diversity

Gonadal histology of tiny scale barb, Thynnichthys thynnoides Bleeker 1852, during mass migration season in Rui River, Perak

This study was conducted to evaluate the gonadal histology of tiny scale barb or locally known as “ikan loma”, Thynnichthys thynnoides Bleeker 1852, during the mass migration season in Rui River, Gerik, Perak. A total of 62 (46 males: 16 females) and 60 (44 males: 16 females) fish were randomly collected along the Rui River in Kampung Kuala Rui (downstream of Rui River) and Kampung Kerunai (midstream of Rui River), from October to December 2013. The collected fish gonads were separated, fixed in 10% formalin and processed for H&E staining. The results showed that female samples collected at Kampung Kuala Rui and Kampung Kerunai was at the stage of ripe and running period which indicated by higher percentage of vitellogenic oocytes compared to other stages of oocytes. Gonads collected from Kampung Kuala Rui demonstrated only massive number of vitellogenic oocytes than other type of oocytes with no presence of atretic oocytes, while all samples from Kampung Kerunai showed the presence of atretic oocytes with the mean at 9±3% from overall oocytes counted, indicating that the fish already released their eggs. The atretic oocytes are characterised by thick ovarian wall, non-oval, shrank and wrinkled shape with less yolk granules in the oviplasm. For male gonads, 100% of samples taken from Kampung Kuala Rui demonstrated ripe and spawning stage which indicated by compacted spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules. However, at Kampung Kerunai, 57% of the samples showed ripe and spawning stage while the other 43% demonstrated spent stage or post spawning characteristics which indicated by flaccid with hollow appearance of seminiferous tubules with little amount of spermatozoa in the tubules. As a conclusion, the results revealed that T. thynnoides migrated from Perak River into Rui River in order to spawn in the area between Kampung Kuala Rui and Kampung Kerunai

Perkaitan Antara Sokongan Sosial Keluarga dengan Kemurungan dalam kalangan Anggota Polis Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah, Selangor

Kajian tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti sama ada terdapat perkaitan antara sokongan sosial keluarga dengan kemurungan dalam kalangan anggota Polis Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah di Selangor. Kajian ini melibatkan 336 anggota polis yang telah dipilih secara rawak sebagai responden dalam kajian ini. Borang soal selidik yang diisi sendiri oleh responden telah digunakan untuk mengumpul data kajian. Skala The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) oleh Lovibond, &, Lovibond (1995) telah digunakan untuk mengukur tahap kemurungan. Sokongan sosial keluarga (emosi dan instrumental) pula telah diukur dengan menggunakan Family Support Inventory for Workers oleh King, Mattimore, King dan Adams (1995). Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat perkaitan yang signifikan antara sokongan emosi (r = 0.296**, p ≤ 0.05) dan sokongan instrumental (r = 0.343**, p ≤ 0.05) dengan kemurungan responden. Kajian ini juga mendapati sokongan instrumental (β = 0.363) merupakan faktor peramal yang paling mempengaruhi kemurungan responden. Sehubungan itu, sebarang program intervensi berkaitan kemurungan dalam kalangan anggota polis haruslah memberi penekanan kepada aspek sokongan sosial keluarga kerana kajian ini telah membuktikan bahawa sokongan sosial keluarga adalah peramal kepada kemurungan

Development of Arduino Basic Learning Kit in Robotics for Beginner Level Learning

This Basic Arduino Learning Kit in Robotics is developed to help someone who wants to learn the basic concepts of Arduino and its operation in the field of robotics which is becoming increasingly important in our daily lives. In this learning kit, it provides three practical works that allow students to deepen their knowledge of the Arduino Uno microcontroller in robotics step by step. In Practical Work 1, students are exposed to the experiment of lighting three LED lights with pattern of running lights and flashing lights. In Practical Work 2, students are exposed to measurement work using ultrasonic detector and displaying its reading on a computer screen and on the screen of a mobile phone with the Android operating system via a Bluetooth module. In Practical Work 3, students are shown how to build a three -wheeled prototype robot and how to control the robot using a mobile phone with the Android operating system. The effectiveness of this learning kit has been tested in a learning workshop on 21 Pre-Diploma students of the Session of June 2020 Polytechnic of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin and has shown very encouraging feedback

Performance Evaluation of a Simple, Locally-Designed Padi Thresher

Performance evaluation studies of a padi thresher designed at Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Cawangan Sarawak indicated that it was a high capacity thresher. Using manual labour, it was capable of threshing padi at a rate of 45 to 68 kg/hr. The skill and the physical power of the operator determined the actual rate of threshing. However, when engine powered, threshing was accomplished at a constant 121.3 kg/hr. Thresing efficiency was found to be 87% or higher and product purity was 79% or higher. The possibility of this thresher being adopted for use by padi farmers is good because there is a marked increase in output per man-hour over manual threshing. In addition, it is cheap, light and easy to fabricate

Development of Virtual Reality Based Maritime Literature Learning: Exploring Madurese Local Wisdom in the Folklore of Jokotole

This study focuses on the development of Virtual Reality (VR)-based language learning media, literature, and teaching to enhance writing skills and facilitate the process of learning literature and local knowledge related to ships, naval warfare strategies, and understanding Jokotole stories while incorporating local wisdom. The research follows the Borg and Gall Research and Development model, consisting of seven stages: problem identification, information gathering, product design, product testing, design revision, design validation, and product revision. The developed learning media is intended for use on android or similar devices, utilizing a virtual box, and integrates Madurese local wisdom from folklore through VR technology. The research aims to address two main questions: (1) How to develop VR-based learning media for maritime literature that focuses on local wisdom related to sailing and naval warfare strategies in Jokotole folklore, and (2) What is the process of reading learning using VR media? The research findings include the development of a storyboard based on the Jokotole legend using unity software and limited to five events. The naval strategy incorporates the influence of the Jokotole figure and their authority. Furthermore, shipping technology and weapons involve the use of sickles, machetes, and whips, while the ship model (Cadik) functions as transportation. The study concludes that the process of learning literature using VR media enhances student enthusiasm and facilitates the formation of writing ideas. VR media is highly engaging for students and can be an alternative approach in literature learning, allowing for the reinterpretation of folklore content.Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembangan media pembelajaran bahasa, sastra, dan pengajaran berbasis Virtual Reality (VR) untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis dan memfasilitasi proses pembelajaran sastra serta pengetahuan lokal terkait kapal, strategi perang laut, dan pemahaman cerita Jokotole dengan menggabungkan kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini mengikuti model Penelitian dan Pengembangan Borg dan Gall, yang terdiri dari tujuh tahap: identifikasi masalah, pengumpulan informasi, desain produk, pengujian produk, revisi desain, validasi desain, dan revisi produk. Media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan ditujukan untuk digunakan pada perangkat Android atau sejenisnya, dengan memanfaatkan virtual box, dan mengintegrasikan pengetahuan lokal Madura dari cerita rakyat melalui teknologi VR. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjawab dua pertanyaan utama, yaitu (1) Bagaimana mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis VR untuk sastra maritim yang fokus pada kearifan lokal terkait pelayaran dan strategi perang laut dalam cerita rakyat Jokotole, dan (2) Bagaimana proses pembelajaran membaca menggunakan media VR? Temuan penelitian meliputi pengembangan storyboard berdasarkan legenda Jokotole menggunakan perangkat lunak Unity dan dibatasi hingga lima peristiwa. Strategi perang laut mencakup pengaruh tokoh Jokotole dan otoritasnya. Selain itu, teknologi perkapalan dan senjata melibatkan penggunaan celurit, parang, dan cambuk, sedangkan model kapal (Cadik) berfungsi sebagai transportasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa proses pembelajaran sastra menggunakan media VR meningkatkan antusiasme siswa dan memudahkan pembentukan gagasan menulis. Media VR sangat menarik bagi siswa dan dapat menjadi alternatif dalam pembelajaran sastra, memungkinkan reinterpretasi konten cerita rakyat