Management of Solitary Thyroid Nodule at Al-Karama Teaching Hospital

A prospective study was done at Al-Karama Teaching Hospital from January 2011-April 2014 for management of solitary thyroid nodule. Females were more frequently affected than males (96:16), with a ratio female to male of about 6:1, the right lobe was two times more frequently involved than the left. One hundred and three cases treated surgically and nine cases treated by aspiration and follow up. Carcinoma was diagnosed in 7 cases (6.3%) only. The peak incidence of Carcinoma in solitary nodules was in third decade. The incidence of papillary neoplasm in this study was 5 cases (4.5%). Aim To evaluate the method of the management of the solitary thyroid nodule at Al-Karama Teaching Hospital

Majāz ῾aqlī “intellectual trope” and the description of wine in a poem by abū dhu᾿ayb al-hudhalī

An important rhetorical figure has been called the majāz ῾aqlī (lit. “intellectual trope”) by some classical rhetoricians, mainly by ῾Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī (d. 471/1078). Despite its importance, which will be clarified below, the intellectual trope has been ignored in modern research in comparison to other rhetorical figures such as the metaphor and simile which are frequently in the spotlight. In this paper, I will analyse the notion of the majāz ῾aqlī as used by ῾Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī who was the first rhetorician to deal with this figure of speech in detail; then I will discuss its semantic aspects in classical Arabic poetry as manifested in an episode on wine composed by Abū Dhu᾿ayb al- Hudhalī (d. 28/649)

A Study of 100 Cases of Acute Scrotum in Pediatric Age Group

Introduction: acute scrotum swelling refers to condition of acute scrotam with or without pain Aim of study: analysis oh 100 cases of acute scrotal swelling regarding to age, causes, treatment. Patient and method: prospective study of 100 cases of acute scrotal swelling in alkarama teaching hospital in alkut from pathology from the 1st of April 2015 till the 1st of August 2016. Results: Age of incidence from birth to 10 years. 93%of cases are obstructed inguinal hernia. Conclusion: Most common cause is inguinal hernia before one year. You should do surgery to emergent conditions at first 6 hours. Keywords: acute scrotum, obstructed inguinal hernia, testicular torsio

Measuring the Role of Auditor Governance and its Impact on the Gap Credibility of Accounting Information

The study aimed at measuring the role of auditor governance and its effect on the gap credibility of accounting information; that was done from the point of view of auditors in licensed offices in Jordan. To achieve this goal, the researcher dealt with two kinds of data; those were the secondary and the primary ones. A questionnaire was distributed to the sample which included 261 auditors working at the offices included in the study. It was found that there was an effect for the governance mechanisms for the auditors (auditors' independency, auditors' commitment to auditing standards, auditors' commitment to the job behavior rules, and auditors' commitment to the quality control standards) on the accounting information credibility gap from the point of the auditors. Keywords: Auditor governance, Corporate Governance, Gap Credibility of Accounting Information.

Evaluating Self-Care Practices of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Northern West Bank: A controlled Randomized Study Utilizing Orem- Self Care Theory

Background: Diabetes mellitus, a non-communicable disease and a major public health problem. It is a chronic disorder of metabolism characterized by partial or complete deficiency of the insulin hormone. Diabetes, which historically has been a phenomenon in older people, has now crept into the lives of young children. Self– cared diabetes involves a complex set of tasks and the key to successful management of diabetes is adherence to these tasks. Diabetes self-care education is a critical element of care for all people with diabetes and necessary to improve patient outcomes. Design: Quasi-experimental design utilized in the current study. Sample, include176 patients attending diabetic clinics of primary health care centers in Northern West Bank districts (Nablus, Tulkarem, Jenin, Tubas, Salfit, and Qalqellia). Research instrument: Two tools developed by the researchers, a structured questionnaire for participants and an observational performance checklist. First tool: A structured questionnaire developed to assess participants’ knowledge and self-care practices. Second Tool: An Observational self-care practices checklist developed by the researchers to observe self-care practices of diabetic children. Aim of the study: to assess specific knowledge of diabetes mellitus and self-care practices accompanied with observational self-care practices checklist by researchers among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, based on Orem self-care theory a health education program was developed and administered in the targeted clinics. Procedure: the study was conducted in two phases; phase I pre-test for both the intervention and control groups. The intervention group attended health education program and the control group received routine care. After 3 months from intervention program, phase II post-test with the same tool applied for both the intervention and control groups. Results: The mean scores of diabetic knowledge in the intervention group at post-test was higher than pre-test 1.94&1.619respectively. For self-care practices was 3.53 in post-test and 2.73 in pre-test. For observational self- care practices checklist in insulin injection technique was 3.45 in post-test and 2.56 in pre-test. For blood glucose test was 3.68 in post-test and 2.84 in pre- test. For urine test for glucose and ?or ketones was 3.39 in post-test and 2.07 in pre-test. In addition, for hygiene care was 1.89 in post- test and 1.54 in pre-test at P. value 0.05.Conclusions: The current study indicate that the intervention program utilizing Orem's self care theory is effective in transferring diabetic children from wholly or partly compensatory to educative ? supportive system to accomplish self care practices. Keywords: Type1 diabetes mellitus, Self-care practices, Children

Determination of Sulfacetamide Sodium in Pure and Their Pharmaceutical Formulations by Using Cloud Point Extraction Method

 في هذه الدراسة تم وصف تطوير طرائق قياس طيفية بسيطة ومنخفضة التكلفة ودقيقة وسريعة لتقدير سلفاسيتاميد الصوديوم.الطريقة الاولى والتي تتضمن تحويل سلفاسيتاميد الصوديوم الى ملح الدايازونيوم ثم التفاعل مع بارا-كريسول ككاشف في الوسط القلوي. المركب الناتج ملون ذو لون برتقالي يمتص عند اعلى قمة امتصاص 450  نانوميتر . عند مدى (5-100ميكروغرام),حيث يطبق قانون بير لامبرت بمعامل ارتباط (0.9996) وحد الكشف هو 0.2142ميكروغرام مل, حد القياس الكمي هو 0.707ميكروغرام مل والامتصاصية المولية 1488.249 لتر/مول.سم. الطريقة الاخرى, تم استخدام الاستخلاص بنقطة الغيمة لتقدير كمية ضئيلة من المركب الملون في التفاعل السابق متبوعا بالقياس باستخدام مقياس الطيف الضوئي للاشعة فوق البنفسجية. كان خط الرسم البياني لمنحني المعايرة والذي يبدأ من (10-60 ميكروغرام ), وكان معامل الارتباط  (0.9991) ومعامل الامتصاص المولي 7417.622 لتر/مول.سم وتم تحديد حد الكشف والحد الكمي ليكونا 0.070 و 0.231 ميكروغرام على التوالي. تم استخدام هذه الطريقة (الاستخلاص بنفقطة الغيمة) بنجاح للكشف عن السلفاسيتاميد الصوديوم داخل المركبات الصيدلانية.      In this study, simple, low cost, precise and speed spectrophotometric methods development for evaluation of sulfacetamide sodium are described. The primary approach contains conversion of sulfacetamide sodium to diazonium salt followed by a reaction with p-cresol as a reagent in the alkaline media.  The colored product has an orange colour with absorbance at λmax 450 nm. At the concentration range of (5.0-100 µg.mL-1), the Beer̆ s Low is obeyed with correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9996), limit of detection as 0.2142 µg.mL-1, limit of quantification as 0.707 µg.mL-1 and molar absorptivity as 1488.249 L.mol-1.cm-1. The other approach, cloud point extraction was utilized to an estimation of a trace amount of the colored product in the previous procedure followed by a measuring process with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The linearity of the calibration graph was above the range of (1.0-60 µg.mL-1), the correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9991) and molar absorptivity was 7417.622 L.mol-1.cm-1. The detection limit(LOD) and quantification limit(LOQ) were based to be  0.070 and 0.231 µg.mL-1 , respectively. This approach was successfully employed for sulfacetamide sodium detection within the pure and pharmaceutical formulation

A Review of Non-Operative Management of Anal Fissures in Pediatrics: A Study of 50 Cases at Alkarama Teaching Hospital

Anal fissure is a tear or break in the skin of the anal canal. whilst acute anal fissures heal spontaneously or with simple therapeutic measures, a proportion may progress to form a chronic anal fissure. The aim of this study is to show the efficacy of conservative therapy in management of anal fissures in pediatrics. A prospective study was conducted in alkarama teaching hospital  during a period from February 2014 to March 2015 for analyzing fifty cases of anal fissure in children & the effect of conservative treatment. A personal biodata, detailed history of diet, bowel habits, site of fissure & presentation, all were registered. Keywords: Anal fissure, Conservative Treatment, Proctocidar

The Value of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Pediatric Age Group

BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergency condition in pediatric age group that need admission to pediatric surgery unit for emergent operation of appendectomy . Any delayed in the diagnosis and operation lead to very serious outcome ,including perforation , abscess formation and appendiceal mass formation and other complications which may lead to high mortality and morbidity rate in case of absence timely performed operation of appendectomy . Ultrasound (USG)is one of the most helpful and informative tool in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.it is simple , fast , available and with less complications of ionizing radiation that may associated with other modality of radiological methods , like CT . Aims of the study Evaluate the role of USG examination in :- 1-diagnosis of children with suspected appendicitis 2-defining the sensitivity , specificity and the accuracy rate of acute appendicitis in pediatric age group. 3-Decreasing the normal appendectomy in pediatric age group/. patients and method This prospective study has been achieved in the central child teaching hospital in Baghdad during the period from February 2015 to December 2015, that enrolled 110 patients that were admitted pediatric surgery Center in Central Child Hospital in Baghdad who were complained from right lower abdominal pain and acute appendicitis was highly suspected at time of examination .USG examination had been done to these patients. Result Clinical presentation and USG criteria of acute appendicitis had been found in 57 cases out of 110 patients , and those underwent appendectomy operation in the Central Child Teaching Hospital in Baghdad . Unvisualization of appendix or normal ultrasonography criteria had been found in 53 patients. 6 patients out of the those of 53 patients with negative USG finding underwent appendectomy operation due to persistence of clinical finding, 3 of them were with normal appendix while the 3 others were with inflamed appendix according to histopathological examination. The other 47 patients from 53 cases who were complain from right lower abdominal pain, but with negative USG findings , kept for observation for 24 hours and then discharged home with follow up these cases by clinical examination and USG once weekly for 2 weeks. The overall result of a study is as follow :- Specificity = 100% Sensitivity = 95% Accuracy rate =97.27% Positive predictive value =100% negative predictive value = 50% conclusion ultrasonographic examination have effective role in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pediatric age group. Keywords:Acute appendicitis , ultrasonogaphy in acute appendicitis , sensitivity , specificity , accuracy rate. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/73-06 Publication date: April 30th 202

Quantitative Relationships between Circulating Leukocytes and Certain Enteric Bacterial Infection in Children with Acute Diarrhea

Various pathogenic microorganisms have been implicated as the cause of infectious diarrhea in children as a result of water and food contamination. The study's goal is to determine the reliability of complete blood count (CBC) in peripheral blood of children with acute diarrhea which infected by certain enteric bacteria, with an emphasis on leukocytes (WBCs). A study conducted to examine the pattern of bacterial distribution in children with acute diarrhea's stool, as well as the relationship between the presence of pathogenic bacteria in stool samples and the number of total WBCs and differential leukocyte count in peripheral blood. Samples size includes (76) of health none diarrhea and (174) diarrheal patients, statistical analysis revealed that co-infection by E. coli and Klebsiella sp. was significantly higher (P<0.001) among children which suffered by diarrhea in compare to health individuals. In addition, the logistic regression shows co-infections and infections by Klebsiella sp. (OR: 29.44, 16.288 respectively) more likelihood leads to acute diarrhea compare to E. coli infection alone (P<0.001). Neutrophils/ Lymphocyte ratio (NRL) was (2.412) times higher and neutrophils (1.069) times more in diarrheal group (P<0.001), also the AUC for NRL was 0.833(sensitivity: 81.61 and specificity: 68.42), while for percent of neutrophils was less 0.671 (sensitivity: 46.24 and specificity: 85.71). Concluded that peripheral leukocyte count, particularly the NRL index, is helpful in children with acute diarrhea and additionally that the prevalence of diarrhea is altered by different bacterial infections