Insolvency probability in reinsurance treaty: a case study in Malaysia

In developing countries such as Malaysia, the availability of reinsurance arrangements provides several advantages to the primary insurers such as keeping their risk exposures at prudent levels by having their large risk exposures reinsured by another company, meeting client requests for larger insurance coverage by having their limited financial sources supported by another company, and acquiring underwriting skills, experience and ability of handling complex claims by depending on another company for such services. This paper aims to model insurance claims and assess the insolvency probability of reinsurance treaties. Claims data was obtained from one of the leading insurers in Malaysia and R programming with actuar package is used to compute the probability of insolvency.Reinsurance, pricing, insolvency probability, excess-of-loss., Financial Economics, C10, C13,

Fixed point results in α, β partial b-metric spaces using C-contraction type mapping and its generalization

Banach contraction mapping has main role in nonlinear analysis courses and has been modified to get new kind of generalizations in some abstract spaces to produce many fixed point theory. Fixed point theory has been proved in partial metric spaces and b-metric spaces as generalizations of metric spaces to obtain new theorems. In addition, using modified of contraction mapping we get some fixed point that have been used to solve differential equations or integral equations, and have many applications. Therefore, this area is actively studied by many researchers. The goal of this article is present and prove some fixed point theorems for extension of contraction mapping in α, β partial b-metric spaces. In this research, we learn about notions of b-metric spaces and partial metric that are combined to generated partial b-metric spaces from many literatures. Afterwards, generalizations are made to get α, β partial b-metric spaces. Using the properties of convergence, Cauchy sequences, and notions of completeness in α, β partial b-metric spaces, we prove some fixed point theorem. Fixed point theory that we generated used C-contraction mapping and its generalizations with some conditions. Existence and uniqueness of fixed point raised for some restrictions of α, β conditions. Some corollaries of main results are also proved. Our main theorems extend and increase some existence in the previous results.©2022 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved

Eksistensi Titik Tetap Pemetaan C-Kontraktif Diperumum pada Ruang Metrik Parsial Kompleks

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan dan membuktikan eksistensi dan ketunggalan titik tetap persekutuan dari  pemetaan C-kontraktif lemah yang diperumum pada ruang metrik parsial kompleks. Dalam artikel ini dipaparkan beberapa teorema terkait ruang metrik kompleks dan ruang metrik parsial kompleks sebagai dasar dalam membuktikan teorema teorema titik tetap. Teorema utama yang diperoleh memperumum beberapa teorema-teorema terdahulu di ruang metrik kompleks yang telah dibuktikan

Fixed point results in α, β partial b-metric spaces using C-contraction type mapping and its generalization

Banach contraction mapping has main role in nonlinear analysis courses and has been modified to get new kind of generalizations in some abstract spaces to produce many fixed point theory. Fixed point theory has been proved in partial metric spaces and b-metric spaces as generalizations of metric spaces to obtain new theorems. In addition, using modified of contraction mapping we get some fixed point that have been used to solve differential equations or integral equations, and have many applications. Therefore, this area is actively studied by many researchers. The goal of this article is present and prove some fixed point theorems for extension of contraction mapping in α, β partial b-metric spaces. In this research, we learn about notions of b-metric spaces and partial metric that are combined to generated partial b-metric spaces from many literatures. Afterwards, generalizations are made to get α, β partial b-metric spaces. Using the properties of convergence, Cauchy sequences, and notions of completeness in α, β partial b-metric spaces, we prove some fixed point theorem. Fixed point theory that we generated used C-contraction mapping and its generalizations with some conditions. Existence and uniqueness of fixed point raised for some restrictions of α, β conditions. Some corollaries of main results are also proved. Our main theorems extend and increase some existence in the previous results.©2022 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved

Fixed point results in α, β partial b-metric spaces using C-contraction type mapping and its generalization

Banach contraction mapping has main role in nonlinear analysis courses and has been modified to get new kind of generalizations in some abstract spaces to produce many fixed point theory. Fixed point theory has been proved in partial metric spaces and b-metric spaces as generalizations of metric spaces to obtain new theorems. In addition, using modified of contraction mapping we get some fixed point that have been used to solve differential equations or integral equations, and have many applications. Therefore, this area is actively studied by many researchers. The goal of this article is present and prove some fixed point theorems for extension of contraction mapping in α, β partial b-metric spaces. In this research, we learn about notions of b-metric spaces and partial metric that are combined to generated partial b-metric spaces from many literatures. Afterwards, generalizations are made to get α, β partial b-metric spaces. Using the properties of convergence, Cauchy sequences, and notions of completeness in α, β partial b-metric spaces, we prove some fixed point theorem. Fixed point theory that we generated used C-contraction mapping and its generalizations with some conditions. Existence and uniqueness of fixed point raised for some restrictions of α, β conditions. Some corollaries of main results are also proved. Our main theorems extend and increase some existence in the previous results.©2022 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and phenotypic detection of metallo-beta lactamases in K. pneumoniae isolates in a tertiary care hospital

Background: K. pneumoniae is the most important pathogen causing community as well as nosocomial infections. The study was conducted with the aim to study antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of K. pneumoniae isolates as well as to detect MBL in carbapenem resistant isolates.Methods: The study was conducted for a period of six months from October 2021 to March 2022. All isolates of K. pneumoniae were obtained from various clinical samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Vitek 2 Compact system. Metallo β-lactamase detection was done by imipenem-EDTA combined disk method.Results: Out of total 1336 growth positive isolates, 248 isolates were of K. pneumoniae. From total 248 isolates, 162 were obtained from male patients and 86 were obtained from female patients. Maximum number (97) of isolates was obtained from age group of 61-80 years. Maximum (30.24%) isolates of K. pneumoniae were from urine and minimum (4.43%) from body fluids. Isolates were highly resistant towards antimicrobials tested whereas moderate sensitivity was reported for ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem and gentamicin. Isolates were highly sensitive to colistin followed by amikacin and tigecycline. MBL production was observed in 84.5% carbapenem resistant isolates.Conclusions: This present study highlighted that multidrug resistant strains of K. pneumoniae are common in tertiary care hospitals. Unwarranted and unrestricted usage of antimicrobials is associated with growing emergence of resistance. Therefore, regular monitoring of carbapenem resistance is important for developing strategies to control infections caused by K. pneumoniae

Syarat Perlu dan Syarat Cukup Seminear-ring Komutatif Terhadap Operasi Perkalian

Seminear-ring adalah hasil generalisasi dari semiring dan near-ring. Secara umum, seminear-ring belum tentu komutatif. Sehingga perlu diidentifikasi syarat perlu dan syarat cukup seminear-ring komutatif. Paper ini membahas seminear-ring komutatif khusus terhadap operasi perkalian, sebab terhadap operasi penjumlahannya belum tentu komutatif. Seminear-ring yang digunakan dalam paper ini adalah seminear-ring kanselasi dengan elemen satuan. Mathematics Subject Classification:16Y60,16Y99

PENENTUAN PREMI ASURANSI JIWA DWIGUNA DENGAN POLIS PARTISIPASI MENGGUNAKAN SUKU BUNGA MODEL CIR

Polis partisipasi asuransi jiwa merupakan kontrak asuransi dimana pemegang polis menerima pembayaran dividen dari perusahaan asuransi. Perusahaan asuransi akan memberikan dividen yang dikreditkan kedalam cadangan polis tiap akhir tahun selama kontrak asuransi berlangsung dan bergantung pada kinerja portofolio perusahaan asuransi. Penetapan harga produk asuransi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat suku bunga. Tingkat suku bunga stokastik digunakan untuk mendapatkan besaran premi asuransi yang realistis. Makalah ini menggunakan suku bunga stokastik yang mengikuti model Cox Ingersoll Ross (CIR). Peluang hidup peserta asuransi di ambil dari Tabel Mortalita Indonesia (TMI) terbaru yaitu TMI 2019. Untuk menentukan tingkat suku bunga stokastik model CIR digunakan suku bunga acuan atau suku bunga kebijakan baru Bank Indonesia yaitu BI-7 Day Reverse RepoRate dari Bulan Maret 2017 sampai dengan Oktober 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa premi tunggal dari polis partisipasi asuransi jiwa dwiguna dengan jangka waktu 20 tahun yang harus dibayarkan oleh seorang perempuan yang berusia 30 tahun adalah Rp. 37.501.104. Besaran premi asuransi dengan polis partisipasi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat suku bunga garansi minimun, koefisien partisipasi, volatilitas aset dan suku bunga stokastik

Analisis Model Matematika PLSQ Jumlah Perokok

Smoking is a habit that is favored by some people, but smoking causes health, economic, social and environmental burdens not only for smokers but also for others. This study aims to determine the mathematical model of the number of smokers, analysis of the equilibrium point of the PLSQ mathematical model of the number of smokers and a simulation of the mathematical model of the PLSQ of the number of smokers. In this study, the researcher assumed that the current smoker had a death rate caused by smoking and that the former smoker after he recovered, would not return to smoking. The results obtained are the PLSQ mathematical model of the number of smokers which produces 1 (one) smoke-free equilibrium point and 1 (one) smoker endemic point from the model. The stability analysis of the model was carried out using the Routh-Hurwitz Criteria to identify the characteristics of the eigenvalues. From the results of the stability analysis, it was found that the smoker-free equilibrium point E0 and the smokers endemic equilibrium point E1 were stable if the condition for the relationship between parameters were met. At the end of the study, a simulation model was given using the Maple applicatio

Pengintegralan Numerik untuk Interval Titik yang Tidak Sama menggunakan Aturan Boole

Secara umum pengintegralan numerik didasarkan pada interval titik yang sama namum pada kenyataannya dihadapkan pada persoalan pengintegralan numerik dengan interval titik yang tidak sama. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh rumus umum pengintegralan numerik untuk interval titik yang tidak sama dengan menggunakan selisih terbagi Newton sehingga diperoleh rumus umum dan error dari integrasi numerik dengan menggunakan aturan Boole. Selanjutnya disimulasikan contoh integrasi numerik dengan bantuan Program MATLAB untuk membandingkan hasil numerik dan analitik sehingga diperoleh hasil yang mendekati nilai eksak. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi numerik diketahui bahwa semakin banyak subinterval yang digunakan maka semakin menghampiri solusi eksak atau solusi sejati