Macroeconomic Implications of Capital Inflows in India

The study attempts to analyse the behaviour of some macroeconomic variables in response to total capital inflows in India using quarterly data for the period 1994Q1-2007Q4. Time trend of all variables except nominal effective exchange rate-both export and trade based and current account balance shows instability over the period of study. Current account balance is the only variable which is stationary in level form all other variables are stationary in first difference form. Cointegration test confirms the long run equilibrium relation between total capital inflows (TCI) and real effective exchange rate-both trade based and export based and between TCI and nominal effective exchange rate-export based. Granger causality test confirms the bidirectional causality between real effective exchange rate-export based and TCI and between foreign exchange reserve & TCI and unidirectional causality from TCI to real effective exchange rate-trade based.International Capital Inflows, Time Series Econometrics

Analysis of energy demand, economic growth and emission mitigation in Pakistan

巴基斯坦是一个缺乏能源的国家，但对能源的需求却快速增长。从历史上看，石油和天然气是能源和财政收入的主要来源。石油和天然气主要用于交通运输业和制造业。石油主要是进口商品，而天然气是本地生产的。电力主要来自水力资源。然而，由于工业化、城市化进程的进行和经济规模的扩张，对电力的需求开始增加，政府开始建设火电项目。现在火电项目已经超过了水电项目，这严重损害了能源安全和环境可持续性。目前，巴基斯坦正面临严重的能源危机，严重影响经济。巴基斯坦政府已经出版了一份官方文件《巴基斯坦2025年，一个国家一个愿景》，其目标是到2025年巴基斯坦争取成为世界上在经济增长方面最快的25个经济体。该文件还旨在增加能获得...Pakistan is an energy deficient country and has a rapidly growing demand for energy. Historically, oil and gas was the main source of energy and fiscal revenue. Oil and gas was mainly used for transportation and manufacturing. Oil was mainly an imported commodity while the gas was produced indigenously. Electricity was produced mainly from hydro resources. However, due to the increase in industria...学位：经济学博士院系专业：经济学院_能源经济学学号：3132012015406

Macroeconomic implications of capital inflows in India

The study attemts to analyse the behaviour of some macroeconomic variables in response to Total Capital Inflows in India using quarterly data for the period 1994-2007. The paper consist two sections, in first section we have analysed trend behaviour of macroeconomic variables included in the study. Time trend of all variables except NEERX, NEERT and CAB shows instability over the period of study. In second section we have have made an attempt to impirically analyse the behaviour of some macroeconomic variables. With the help of DF, ADF and Schmidt & Phillips test we have concluded that CAB is the only variable which stationary in level form all othe variables are stationary in first difference form. Cointegration test confirms the long run equilibrium relation between REERX & TCI, REET &TCI and between NEERX & TCI. Granger causality test confirms the bidirectional causality between REERX & TCI and between FOREX & TCI and unidirectional causality from TCI to REERT.peer-reviewe

Problems and Prospects of Islamic Banking: a case Study of Takaful

The paper is an attempt to analyse the working of Takaul in the world and its popularity in the insurance sector in the world. Keeping in view of Sharia we have also tried all possible aspects of insurance system popular in the world and tried to look at its possibility to familiarize more amongst Muslims of the world. It is observed that customer awareness remain low, however this is often attributed to a limited understanding of Islamic finance in the banking and insurance world. We wish to have a proper salesmanship and advertisement of Islamic banking system in India and all around the world.Islamic Banking, Takaful

Optimality Conditions For Multi-Objective Interval-Valued Optimization Problem On Hadamard Manifolds

The KKT optimality conditions for multi-objective interval-valued optimization problem on Hadamard manifold are studied in this paper. Several concepts of Pareto optimal solutions, considered under LU and CW ordering on the class of all closed intervals in $\mathbb{R}$, are given. The KKT conditions are presented under the notions of convexity, pseudo-convexity and generalized Hukuhara difference. We show, with the help of an example, that the results done in this paper for solving multi-objective interval-valued optimization problems on Hadamard spaces are more general than the existing ones on Euclidean spaces. The main results are supported by examples

Development of an optically synchronized seed source for a high-power few-cycle OPCPA system

The scheme of short-pulse pumped optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) offers a promising route towards a completely new regime of ultra-high power few-cycle pulse generation, which reaches well beyond the limits of the conventional laser technology. In this approach, the gain bandwidth limitations of conventional laser amplification are circumvented by using thin OPA crystals in a non-collinear pump-signal geometry (NOPA), while the high gain and pulse energies are ensured by the intense pumping and large crystals sizes. The Petawatt-Field-Synthesizer (PFS) project at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (Garching, Germany), aims at delivering waveform-controlled few-cycle laser pulses with PW-scale peak power based on few-ps pumped OPCPA. This work focuses on the development of a frontend light source for the PFS system to deliver optically synchronized seed pulses for the OPCPA beam-line and the pump laser. Methods of generating the broadband near-infrared seed pulses for the OPCPA chain by spectral broadening using few-cycle pulses, and idler generation using NOPA are presented. Concepts of stretching both seed pulses, for the pump and the OPCPA, in time and their recompression after amplification are discussed. A detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of timing jitter between the pump and seed pulses in our system is presented. The experimental demonstration of shortpulse-pumped non-collinear OPCPA in a DKDP crystal is presented showing an ultrabroad gain bandwidth in the visible-near infrared, which supports sub-two optical cycle pulse duration

THE ROLE OF CATION CHANNELS IN ABIOTIC STRESS RESISTANCE IN RICE

The alarmingly increasing human population needs improved food production but this aim is hampered by different abiotic stresses. Osmotic stress and salt stress are the two prominent examples of abiotic stresses and affect up to 50% of the arable land. These stresses severely affect all plants, but glycophytes (e.g. rice) are especially sensitive. During stress, nutrient uptake, such as K+, is often disturbed. Thus, better K+ nutrition and distribution play a vital role in plant abiotic stress tolerance. To improve K+ nutrition, the role of K+ transporters is likely to be essential. Loss of function and gain of function approaches could help establish the exact function of transporters involved in K+ nutrition. Rice TPKs and AKT1 are K+ channels which are localised to the tonoplast and plasma membrane respectively. The two TPK isoforms, TPKa and TPKb, are localised to the tonoplast of LV and SV respectively. They were characterized in a variety of abiotic stress conditions. The data showed better growth and higher K+ concentration for the TPKa and TPKb transgenic lines when grown in zero K+ and osmotic stress conditions suggesting their role in improving in K+ nutrition. TPKs have no direct involvement in the K+ uptake, but somehow influence K+ uptake and improve K+ nutrition. The higher K+ concentration in the leaves of overexpressor plants suggested the involvement of TPKs in the distribution of K+ within the plant body. TPKs play a role in the guard cells' movements and affect the stomatal conductance and therefore showed a better response to the osmotic stress conditions. The role of rice AKT1 was tested by comparing the knockout and overexpressing lines of AKT1 with the wild type plants. The data suggested that AKT1 is involved in the K+ uptake in a range of external K+ concentrations and osmotic stress conditions. The role of AKT1 is obvious in the K+ deficient conditions where NH4+ is present. The leaf K+ concentration suggested that AKT1 influences K+ transport into the leaves. The K+ concentration in the leaf cells showed an effect on the stomatal conductance and in turn an effect on the growth phenotype under zero K+ and osmotic stress conditions. The data revealed that AKT1 is insensitive to NH4+ toxicity