LIBRARIES AS CATALYSTS FOR SOCIAL CHANGE: EMPOWERING MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES IN INDIA

Libraries have been accredited as knowledge and power centers, spanning social, economic, and educational divides. In the context of Indian society, libraries are assumed to be helpful in uplifting the weaker sections of the society, particularly Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Minority Communities (Kalyani, 2021). This is because these marginalized groups are bound to encounter systematic problems, such as deficiencies in quality education, information, and opportunities (Rao, 2020). They are centers for learning and development, literature, and thought that are open to the public with welcome and comradery for all. This source provides a way of accessing works, electronically based information, and training that is suitable for these populations (Nayar, 2019). For instance, the Digital Library program for the Marginalized has indeed helped reach out to tribals and others in far-flung areas. It has increased the availability of educational material in regional languages (Kumar, 2018). Likewise, the specialized library programs in the urban slum and rural areas involving SC and minority communities included skill enhancement, awareness, career, and vocational training (SET) workshops, employment workshops, women’s development, empowerment, and more. This has enhanced literacy levels, employment, and socioeconomic status for the people. Thus, by equalizing access to knowledge and information, libraries significantly transform the social setting by serving the ‘weaker’ sections of society and facilitating the development of the country and society in general (Bhatt, 2022). This abstract intends to focus on Libraries and their role in uplifting such sections of society in India, particularly concerning literacy, online access, and social justice. The full paper will provide more details on these themes as it will describe some of the ongoing practices in detail, examine current efforts, and provide strategic suggestions to enhance libraries impacting empowered SC, ST, and minority communities across the country

Self-Regulatory Behavior of Adolescent Students in Ethiopia –The Case of Ayer Tena High School, Kolfe Keranio Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Self-regulatory behavior is an important personal skill that strengthens in the course of transition from childhood to adulthood. While self-regulation promotes healthy and successful transitioning to adulthood, deficiency in self-regulation would expose the growing persons to a host of undesirable behaviors including impulsivity, violence, health risky behaviors etc. The aim of this study was to examine adolescents. self-regulatory behavior and how it was associated with parental involvement and such other background factors as age, gender, family structure, and socio-economic status. A total of 211 secondary school adolescent students were selected as data sources. Socio-Economic Status Inventory, Self-Regulation Scale and Parental Involvement Scale were employed for data collection. Findings indicated that the level of self-regulatory behavior was significantly higher among the adolescents. The same pattern was exhibited in all the three dimensions of self-regulation. While sex and parental involvement were found to have significant relationship with self-regulatory behavior, age, socio-economic status, fathers. educational level, and family structure were, however, minimally correlated. Discussing the findings against a backdrop, basically of, socio-cultural reality of the study setting, further research was suggested to unveil this context of self-regulation using mixed research design

Determinants of Efficiency of Tax’s Collection in Oman

This study examines the relationship between determinants of tax efficiency (tax awareness, electronic procedures and auditing procedures) and efficiency of tax collection in Oman. The research uses method of a quantitative method via survey 150 usable data based on tax inspectors of Tax Authority in Oman. The hypotheses of the present study utilized its variables via using Smart PLS and SPSS statistical tools. The findings revealed that a positive and significant link between tax awareness and efficiency.  As well as, the findings revealed other possible determinants (electronic procedures and auditing procedures) has a insignificant influence on efficiency of tax collection in Omani Tax Authority. The model of the current research might be beneficial to realize determinants of tax efficiency to growth the  effective of tax collection. Yet, practicing tax inspectors might understand tax awareness to improve firm effectiveness

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON HEAT TRANSFER IN A RIBBED CHANNEL CERAMIC PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

Thermal cracking is one of the process in which hydrogen iodide is thermally cracked into hydrogen and iodine. Sulphur-iodine (S-I) cycle is used to produce hydrogen. In the process sulphur trioxide and water vapor are formed which is to be converted into sulphur dioxide. Sulphur trioxide, water mixture is passed through a ceramic plate heat exchanger and which is heated using helium at a temperature of 1223K. A heat exchanger is to be designed to withstand such a high temperature using ceramic materials.In this paper a ceramic heat exchanger is analyzed with respect to pressure, temperature, concentration variation for different type fins configuration. ANSYS fluent software is used to analyze the different parameters. It is found that out of circular, semi circular and elliptical fins, elliptical fins are more suitable to accomplish the conversion of sulphur trioxide to sulphur dioxide

Anew Finding of Allocreadium Isoproum (Looss, 1902) (Digenea Allocreadinae) Parasite of the Stomach of Freshwater Fishes Tetraodon Fahaka from Jebel Aulia Dam Southern Khartoum, Sudan

A species of Allocreadinae (Trematoda, Digenea) was found in the stomach of freshwater fish “Tambar’’ Tetraodon fahaka (yousif), in Jebel Aulia Dam in the White Nile, southern Khartoum. The species classified in the genus Allocreadium isoproum (Loss, 1902) as a first finding in the Sudanese freshwater fishes the genus found from several freshwater fishes in Europe South America, Japan, and India (Yamagutti, 1958). The present study it was the first report in the Sudan and Africa as all. The objective of the study were to carryout the following characteristic to describe of parasites with relevant classification, the measurement of determination of the prevalence rate density of infection parasite

Efficacy of Bilateral Transversus Abdominis Plane and Ilioinguinal-Iliohypogastric Nerve Blocks for Postcaesarean Delivery Pain Relief under Spinal Anesthesia

Background. Caesarean delivery can be associated with considerable postoperative pain. While the benefits of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) and ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric (II-IH) nerve blocks on pain after caesarean delivery via Pfannenstiel incision have been demonstrated, no enough investigations on the comparison of these blocks on pain after caesarean delivery have been conducted in our setup. Method. An institutional-based prospective observational cohort study was conducted to compare the analgesic efficacy of those blocks. We observed 102 postoperative parturients. The outcome measure was the severity of pain measured using a numeric rating scale. Result. Twenty-four hours after surgery, the NRS score at rest was (0.90 ± 0.80) versus (0.67 ± 0.58) and at movement (1.2 ± 1.07) versus (0.88 ± 0.76) for the TAP and II-IH groups, respectively. Twenty-four hours after surgery, the mean tramadol consumption was (55.45 ± 30.51) versus (37.27 ± 27.09) mg in TAP and II-IH groups, respectively (p = 0.009). The mean first analgesic requirement time was also prolonged in the II-IH group. Conclusion and Recommendations. There was no statically significant difference between TAP and II-IH blocks regarding postoperative pain score, but the II-IH block significantly reduced the total tramadol consumption and prolonged the time to first analgesic request than TAP. Thus, we recommend the II-IH nerve block

Malaria epidemiology and stratification of malaria incidence in the malaria elimination setting, Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia

Background Ethiopia has shown notable progress in reducing the burden of malaria over the past two decades. Because of this progress, the country has shifted efforts from control to elimination of malaria. This study was conducted to analyse the malaria epidemiology and stratification of incidence in the malaria elimination setting in eastern Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the epidemiology of malaria by reviewing the district health office data from 2013 to 2019 in Harari Region. In addition, three years of sub-district level malaria data were used to stratify the malaria transmission intensity. Malaria interventions (Long-lasting insecticidal nets [LLIN] and indoor residual spraying [IRS]) employed were reviewed to analyse the intervention coverage at the Regional level. Descriptive statistics were used to show the malaria transmission in terms of years, season and species of the malaria parasite. Incidence rate per 1000 population and death rate per 1 000 000 population at risk were computed using the total population of each year. Results In the Harari Region, malaria incidence showed a more pronounced declining trend from 2017 to 2019. Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax and mixed infections accounted for 69.2%, 30.6% and 0.2% of the cases, respectively. There was an increment in malaria intervention coverage and improved malaria diagnosis. In the year 2019 the coverage of LLIN and IRS in the Region were 93.4% and 85.1% respectively. The annual malaria incidence rate dropped from 42.9 cases per 1000 population in 2013 to 6.7 cases per 1000 population in 2019. Malaria-related deaths decreased from 4.7 deaths per 1 000 000 people annually in 2013 to zero, and there have been no deaths reported since 2015. The malaria risk appears to be heterogeneous and varies between districts. A higher number of malaria cases were recorded in Erer and Jenella districts, which constitute 62% of the cases in the Region. According to the sub-district level malaria stratification, there was shrinkage in the malaria transmission map and about 70% of the sub-districts have achieved elimination targets. Conclusions In the Harari Region, malaria morbidity and mortality have been significantly declined. Thus, if this achievement is sustained and scaling-up of the existing malaria prevention and control strategies by focusing on those populations living in the higher malaria transmission districts and sub-districts, planning of malaria elimination from the study area might be feasible

Effects of tranexamic acid on death, disability, vascular occlusive events and other morbidities in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (CRASH-3): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Background Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and decreases mortality in patients with traumatic extracranial bleeding. Intracranial bleeding is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can cause brain herniation and death. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with TBI. Methods This randomised, placebo-controlled trial was done in 175 hospitals in 29 countries. Adults with TBI who were within 3 h of injury, had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 12 or lower or any intracranial bleeding on CT scan, and no major extracranial bleeding were eligible. The time window for eligibility was originally 8 h but in 2016 the protocol was changed to limit recruitment to patients within 3 h of injury. This change was made blind to the trial data, in response to external evidence suggesting that delayed treatment is unlikely to be effective. We randomly assigned (1:1) patients to receive tranexamic acid (loading dose 1 g over 10 min then infusion of 1 g over 8 h) or matching placebo. Patients were assigned by selecting a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was head injury-related death in hospital within 28 days of injury in patients treated within 3 h of injury. We prespecified a sensitivity analysis that excluded patients with a GCS score of 3 and those with bilateral unreactive pupils at baseline. All analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial was registered with ISRCTN (ISRCTN15088122), ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01402882), EudraCT (2011-003669-14), and the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR20121000441277). Results Between July 20, 2012, and Jan 31, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 737 patients with TBI to receive tranexamic acid (6406 [50·3%] or placebo [6331 [49·7%], of whom 9202 (72·2%) patients were treated within 3 h of injury. Among patients treated within 3 h of injury, the risk of head injury-related death was 18·5% in the tranexamic acid group versus 19·8% in the placebo group (855 vs 892 events; risk ratio [RR] 0·94 [95% CI 0·86-1·02]). In the prespecified sensitivity analysis that excluded patients with a GCS score of 3 or bilateral unreactive pupils at baseline, the risk of head injury-related death was 12·5% in the tranexamic acid group versus 14·0% in the placebo group (485 vs 525 events; RR 0·89 [95% CI 0·80-1·00]). The risk of head injury-related death reduced with tranexamic acid in patients with mild-to-moderate head injury (RR 0·78 [95% CI 0·64-0·95]) but not in patients with severe head injury (0·99 [95% CI 0·91-1·07]; p value for heterogeneity 0·030). Early treatment was more effective than was later treatment in patients with mild and moderate head injury (p=0·005) but time to treatment had no obvious effect in patients with severe head injury (p=0·73). The risk of vascular occlusive events was similar in the tranexamic acid and placebo groups (RR 0·98 (0·74-1·28). The risk of seizures was also similar between groups (1·09 [95% CI 0·90-1·33]). Interpretation Our results show that tranexamic acid is safe in patients with TBI and that treatment within 3 h of injury reduces head injury-related death. Patients should be treated as soon as possible after injury. Funding National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment, JP Moulton Charitable Trust, Department of Health and Social Care, Department for International Development, Global Challenges Research Fund, Medical Research Council, and Wellcome Trust (Joint Global Health Trials scheme)

Evaluation of polyaniline composites and nanostructures as anti-corrosive pigments for carbon steel

Conducting polymers have recently been studied as a new class of materials for the corrosion protection of metals. Polyaniline (PANI) is the best candidate to perform this function due to its high environmental stability and simple preparation. Polyaniline was synthesized by polymerizing aniline monomer with various inorganic oxides and with several ratios of phosphoric acid doping. The prepared samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction Meter (XRD) and the morphology of these samples was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Electrical conductivity of the samples was measured using a multimeter. Besides, pigments dispersion stability was observed in ethanol medium at six increasing times (0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours). The prepared samples were used as anti-corrosive pigments by blending with commercially available acrylic paint. The blended pigments and acrylic paint were then applied on carbon steel panels by simple dip coating method. The coated steel panels were then dried at room temperature for two days. Once the coatings were fully dried, the steel panels were immersed in 5% NaCl solution for 60 days and left in salt spray chamber for 35 days according to standard ASTM G31 and ASTM B117 respectively. The degree of corrosion for full immersion test samples were evaluated by calculating the corrosion rate from weight loss method and by visual observation for samples exposed in salt fog chamber. The adhesion strength was measured according to ASTM D3359 standard. Sample that was most affected by corrosion, has lower adhesion strength iii with metal. The degrees of corrosion on the steel panel are related to the pigment used in paint and thus the best PANI composite pigment for corrosion protection was PANI-Silicone dioxide (PANI-SiO2) while the best nano form in terms of corrosion protection was PANI nanofiber. This was due to its highest electrical conductivity and good adhesion strength for PANI-SiO2 and better dispersion stability for PANI nanofibers

Rakennukset aurinkoenergian tuottajina

Suomen ilmastolle on ominaista pitkät talvet, pimeys ja runsausluminen, mikä johti rakennusten rakentamiseen perinteiseen ja tyypilliseen tapaan, jolloin suurin osa rakennuksista ovat tietyn muotoisia ja suunniteltu maan ilmaston sopivaksi. Opinnäytetyö tavoitteena oli antaa uusia esimerkkejä rakennuksen julkisivun suurten alueiden hyödyntämisestä, mikä tukee suuresti vaihtoehtoista energiainvestointeja. Tällöin tämän tutkimuksen aikana tunnistetaan aurinkopaneelien käyttötapoja rakentamisessa. Opinnäytetyössä saadut tulokset ovat hyödyllisiä tulevaisuuden kannalta, koska nyt on mahdollista käyttää puhdasta energiaa laajasti ja nykyaikaisesti. Tässä opinnäytetyössä todetaan, että aurinkopaneeleja voidaan Suomessa käyttää rakentamisessa suuressa mittakaavassa hyödyntäen rakennusten tilaa hyödyllisellä ja nykyaikaisella tavalla