Theological Anthropocentrism: An Interpretation of Scripture and Semitic Theodicy in Overcoming the Environmental Crisis

This research aims to explore by offering theodicy as the basis for anthropocentric theology to purify God of all the bad images that occur creation of God, and theological criticism of the theocentric view which positions God with his absolute will to do anything, including creating and allowing environmental crises to occur also the anthropocentric opinion which positions humans with their free will has led to an environmental crisis. The contradiction of belief in God as the Most Perfect Essence with the fact that there is a problem of evil (imperfection) in creation of God that a perennial debate that has existed since the birth of these religions. These research method uses a literature review and data analysis using a qualitative hermentic approach. The results of the study describe the views of the Bible and the Qur'an about human freedom and present theodicy debates from traditional to modern in Christian and Islamic theology, about the role and ethics of humans towards nature or the environments. The results of the research are hoped it will become theological literacy or provide theological arguments for the need for human intervention to be fair, good, and true to the environment. Apart from being an implementation of faith in the Supreme Being, this intervention is also a human responsibility as a moral agent for protecting the environment.      Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan eksplorasi dengan menawarkan teodisi sebagai landasan teologi antroposentris untuk mensucikan Tuhan dari segala citra buruk yang terjadi pada ciptaanNya serta kritik teologis terhadap pandangan teosentris yang memposisikan Tuhan dengan kehendak mutlaknya dapat berbuat apapun termasuk mencipatakan dan mengizinkan krisis lingkungan terjadi, juga pandangan antroposentris yang memposisikan manusia dengan kehendak bebasnya telah menyebabkan terjadinya krisis lingkungan. Kontradiksi keyakinan terhadap Tuhan sebagai Dzat yang Mahasempurna dengan fakta adanya masalah kejahatan (ketidaksempurnaan) pada ciptaanNya merupakan perdebatan perennial yang sudah ada bersamaan dengan lahirnya agama-agama tersebut.  Metode penelitian menggunakan kajian literatur dan analisis data menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif hermentika. Hasil penelitian mendeskripsikan pandangan Alkitab dan al-Qur’an tentang kebebasan manusia dan menghadirkan perdebatan teodisi dari tradisional hinggan modern dalam teologi Kristen dan Islam, tentang peran dan etika manuasia terhadap alam atau  lingkungan. Hasil penelitian diharapkan menjadi literasi teologis atau bahan argumentasi teologis atas perlunya intervensi manusia bersikap adil, baik, dan benar terhadap lingkungan. Intervensi ini selain sebagai wujud implementasi keimanan kepada Dzat yang Mahasempurna, juga sebagai tanggungjawab manusia sebagai agen moral pemelihara lingkungan. &nbsp

REDEFINING THE MEANING OF FREEDOM IN LIBERAL THEOLOGY AND LIBERATION THEOLOGY, AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN RELIGIOUS LIFE

The concept of freedom in historical settings is often regarded as the primary catalyst for the rise and fall of civilizations. In ancient Greece, freedom was deemed to have played a crucial role in propelling Greek civilization to its zenith. The dark ages of Europe were similarly perceived as a period of diminished freedom due to the dominance of the church. However, the emergence of the Renaissance and modern era marked a resurgence of freedom, reminiscent of the values prevalent during the ancient Greek period, characterized by secular principles. Religious values were considered incompatible with modernity. Nevertheless, in a religious society, the essence of freedom lies in the most fundamental realm, namely theology. This article aims to explore how freedom is evident in the attributes of God, the life of Jesus, and the Bible within the context of liberal and liberation theology. Both of these theological perspectives signify a profound shift in religious attitudes, moving away from dogmatism and excessive conformity to orthodoxy, towards a more critical and progressive outlook. Liberal and liberation theology present a responsive depiction of religion, advocating for and fighting alongside human freedom, thus ensuring that religion remains relevant and problem-solving. While liberal theology endeavors to vocalize freedom to bridge the gap between faith and modern sciences, liberation theology strives for human freedom from all forms of discrimination and marginalization. Despite their apparent similarities, they diverge in their interpretation of freedom, leading to distinctions in the practical realm and religious practices

WALI DALAM MISTIK ISLAM MENURUT REYNOLD A. NICHOLSON

In Islamic tradition most people are known as ‘wali’ when they have miracle (karamah), such as healing people from blindness, transforming anything to another thing, etc.. Those karamah got muslims respect to the walis. Many cases show that they have privileges and permissions to behave or act which is different from common people. These privileges attract some persons to claim themselves as ‘wali’. The phenomena tends to position communities of one society in a destructive conflict because it is susceptible to manipulate the predicate of wali. According to Reynold A. Nicholson, the wali is everyone who is chosen by Allah. There is no boundaries of age, sex, race, or any other condition for the wali. Wali or aulia (plural) are chosen for their piety and ability to manage their desire, and because of their intimate relation to God, they had karamah. While Sufis are chosen from muslim community, aulia are chosen from the Sufis

Status Ontologis Perempuan (Gugutan Riffat Hasan atas Konstruksi Teologis dari Konsep Gender)

The phenomena of gender inequalities such as subordination discrimination and violance upon women made up feminist to change the situation conscriously. Riffat Hasan, a moslem feminist, made the effort to reconstruct a minor theological understanding of women in Moslem world's which is supposed to be the roots of gender inequalities. Women aren't created only for completing the life of men as shown in some verses and hadits. Ontological-status of woman is not depend on what, when, and from where they were create

KONSEP KETUHANAN NON-KUALITAS DALAM BUDDHISME: SEBUAH ANTITESIS KONSEP TUHAN PERSONAL

Buddhisme adalah sebuah agama dan sistem filsafat yang memberikan pijakan moral dan metodologi praksis bagi seseorang untuk merealisasikan pencerahan dan melenyapkan penderitaan. Namun sebagai agama, Buddhisme terkadang dipandang tidak layak, karena tidak memiliki konsepsi tentang Tuhan sebagai mana agama-agama dalam tradisi Abrahamik yang monoteisme. Pandangan yang menyatakan bahwa Buddhisme tidak layak disebut sebagai agama ini didasarkan pada paradigma agama dunia yang memang sangat dipengaruhi oleh tradisi Abrahamik. Banyak yang beranggapan bahwa Buddhisme itu bercorak ateistik, ada juga yang beranggapan bahwa Buddhisme itu politeistik, bahkan ada yang menganggapnya bukan bukan agama. Bahkan di dalam internal penganut Buddhisme pun banyak yang tidak memahami hal tersebut, ada yang menyebut Tuhan sebagai karma (Pali: kamma) dan ada juga yang menganggap Nirvana (Pali: Nibbana) sebagai Tuhan. Pada dasarnya Buddhisme tidak membicarakan tentang permasalahan ketuhanan (non-theistic religion), akan tetapi dalam literaturnya masih dibahas mengenai makhluk-makhluk adi-kodrati seperti dewa dan brahma. Pembahasan mengenai dewa dan brahma ini yang sering disalahartikan dan dipandang sebagai Tuhan. Oleh sebab itu perlu ada penjelasan yang lebih terperinci untuk menegaskan bahwa, kalaupun ada diperlukan adanya konsepsi ketuhanan dalam Buddhisme, maka bentuk ketuhanan itu adalah betuk ketuhanan yang non-kualitas

Sifta Feminim dan Maskulin Tuhan dalam Perspektif Perennialisme

Tujuan Penelitian: 1. Mendapat gambaran tentang pelekatan atau pelabelan sifat feminim dan maskulin pada Tuhan yang tapak kontradiktif dan manusiawi. 2. Memperoleh pengetahuan akan makna dan pemahaman yang tersembunyi di balik pelabelan atau pelekatan serta penonjolan sifat terebut berikut implikasi sosialnya. 3. Menemukan konsep yang menyertai munculnya pensifatan feminim ataumaskulin pada Tuhan lewat perspektif perennialisme

Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development

This proceeding contains articles on the various ideas of the academic community presented at The 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development (ICCEESD 2022) organized by the Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia on 7th-8th December 2022.  ICCEESD is a biannual forum for sharing, benchmarking, and discussing HEI’s activities in developing Education for Sustainable Development towards community engagement. Education for Sustainability as a teaching strategy for resolving community challenges through formal, informal, or non-formal education is expected to benefit from various community service best practices by academics, researchers, and students. The 3rd ICCEESD has “Strengthening Education for Sustainability Towards Better Community Engagement” as its theme this year. It is expected that the 3rd ICCEESD will provide a forum for the presenters and participants to exchange best practices, policies, and conceptual implementation of Education for Sustainability towards better community engagement and explore ideas to address community needs.  Conference Title: 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable DevelopmentConference Theme: Strengthening Education for Sustainability Towards Better Community EngagementConference Acronyms: ICCEESD 2022Conference Date: 7th-8th December 2022Conference Location: Grand Rohan Jogja Yogyakarta, IndonesiaConference Organizer: Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesi