La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia: Departamentos de Cauca, Nariño y Tolima

En el siguiente documento se desarrolla la actividad final del Diplomado de acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia, este se enfoca en los desplazamientos forzados que se han generado por el conflicto armado interno en nuestro país Colombia. Para esta actividad final se tomaron como referencias dos relatos, uno de ellos llamado “relato Ana ligia” en el que se presenta la situación de una mujer que ha tenido que sobrevivir y enfrentarse al desplazamiento en dos ocasiones, pese a estas circunstancias una luz de esperanza brilla en ella, por medio de sus poemas expone sus sentimientos desde la vivencia propia del sufrimiento, la indignación, la desigualdad y frustración. Para el segundo relato de violencia titulado “caso Peñas Coloradas” , donde se evidencia la desigualdad y la falta de oportunidad para las poblaciones campesinas, quienes con esfuerzo logran mantenerse en pie frente a un estado quien los ha ignorado, maltratado, condenándolos al olvido y destierro. Teniendo como punto de inicio en los relatos, se da el comienzo a realizar un análisis y reflexionar sobre los diferentes escenarios de violencia, tomando conceptos como la narración y la imagen para exponer las situaciones, experiencias vividas que giran en torno al desplazamiento. Al igual que la construcción de preguntas circulares, estratégicas, reflexivas, por medio de las nueve preguntas se quiere indagar, comprender e identificar debilidades como también fortalezas, utilizándolas como métodos de apoyo para la búsqueda de posibles soluciones a las problemáticas que no se evidencian en el relato de “Ana Ligia”. Para el caso “peñas coloradas”, se desarrollaron estrategias de afrontamiento con el propósito de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas a intervenir, utilizando actividades en grupo como juego de roles, activación de grupos de apoyo, aplicar DRP, técnicas narrativas, fotovoz, estas actividades se generan para poder empoderar a las personas en condición de desplazamiento sobre sus propias vidas y lo que realmente quieren. Finalmente, para los dos relatos se da respuesta a preguntas orientadoras para dar un análisis de cada situación de las personas que narran sus historias, y con ello poder identificar los emergentes psicosociales, los traumas en la salud mental que presentan las personas afectadas y el impacto de la estigmatización de ser colaboradores de grupos armados. Dentro de las actividades realizadas del Diplomado, se expone un análisis reflexivo sobre la herramienta de Fotovoz y la narración, la experiencia de haber desarrollado por medio de imágenes la narración de situaciones vulnerables a las que las personas se enfrentan.The following document develops the final activity of the Diploma of psychosocial support in violence scenarios, this focuses on the forced displacements that have been generated by the internal armed conflict in our country, Colombia. For this final activity, two stories were taken as references, one of them called "Ana ligia story" in which the situation of a woman who has had to survive and face displacement on two occasions is presented, despite these circumstances a light of Hope shines in her, through her poems she exposes her feelings from her own experience of suffering, indignation, inequality and frustration. For the second story of violence entitled “Peñas Coloradas case”, where inequality and lack of opportunity for peasant populations are evident, who with effort manage to stand up against a state that has ignored, mistreated them, condemning them to oblivion and exile. Taking the stories as a starting point, the beginning of an analysis and reflection on the different scenarios of violence is given, taking concepts such as narration and images to expose the situations, lived experiences that revolve around displacement. Like the construction of circular, strategic, reflective questions, through the nine questions we want to investigate, understand and identify weaknesses as well as strengths, using them as support methods for the search for possible solutions to problems that are not evident in the story of "ana ligia". In the case of “peñas coloradas”, coping strategies were developed with the purpose of the quality of life of the people to intervene, using group activities such as role play, activation of support groups, applying PRA, narrative techniques, photovoice, These activities are generated in order to empower displaced people about their own lives and what they really want. Finally, for the two stories, answers are given to guiding questions to give an analysis of each situation of the people who tell their stories, and with this to be able to identify the psychosocial emergencies, the mental health traumas that the affected people present and the impact of the stigmatization of being collaborators of armed groups. Among the activities carried out in the Diploma, a reflective analysis of the Fotovoice tool and narration is exposed, the experience of having developed through images the narration of vulnerable situations that people face

¿Cómo la comprensión de lectura en estudiantes sordos se ve facilitada por el uso de tecnologías de la comunicación e información?

Antecedentes. Las habilidades de las personas sordas en los procesos de comprensión lectora son débiles debido a elmentos relacionados con los procesos de adquisición tardía de la Lengua de Señas.Objetivo. Identificar, analizar y reflexionar sobre la utilidad del empleo de las tecnologías de la comunicación e información (TIC) en los procesos de comprensión lectora de los sujetos sordos, caracterizada por ser una competencia bilingüe entre L1 (lengua de señas colombiana) y L2 (español escrito).Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio de tipo investigación-acción realizado en una institución educativa privada de la Ciudad de Bogotá, en la que se analizó el desempeño de cinco estudiantes sordos en habilidades de comprensión lectora en L2 a partir del uso de las TICS.Resultados. Cada uno de los sujetos aumentó sus habilidades en la comprensión lectora, el porcentaje de incremento fue heterogéneo tanto en los desempeños iniciales, como en texto superficie, mientras que la base, el modelo y la situación en cada escolar también fueron diferentes. De igual forma, al comparar los resultados obtenidos por los sujetos en la Prueba Saber 11, componente de lenguaje, con los obtenidos en años anteriores, se observó un ascenso considerable en los puntajes de los escolares que participaron en el programa de comprensión lectora a través del uso de las TIC.Conclusiones. Las TIC dinamizan el proceso lector aportando herramientas que incorporan e integran la utilización de todo recurso sensorial, lo cual facilita e integra la información gráfica del texto con códigos de procesamiento viso-espacial y viso-construccional, propios de los mecanismos del procesamiento de la información de los sordos, facilitando la flexibilidad y modificabilidad cognitiva e incrementando el uso de las estrategias metacognitivas para la solución de problemas.Background. The skills of deaf people in reading comprehension processes are weak due to elements related to the own processes of the late acquisition of the Sign Language.Objective. To identify, analyze and reflect on the usefulness of the use of communication and information technologies (TIC) in the processes of reading comprehension of deaf subjects, characterized by being a bilingual competition between L1 (Colombian sign language) and L2 (Spanish written).Materials and Methods. Action research like study carried out in a private educational institution in the city of Bogota, where the performance of five deaf students in reading comprehension skills in L2 was analyzed through the use of TIC.Results. Each of the subjects increased their skills in reading comprehension; the percentage increase was heterogeneous in both the text initial performances and the surface text, while the base, the model and the situation in each individual were also different. Similarly by comparing the results obtained by the test subjects in Saber 11 test, language component, to those obtained in previous years, a significant increase was observed in the scores of the students who participated in the reading comprehension program through the use of TIC.Conclusions. The ICT streamlines the reading process by providing tools that incorporate and integrate the use of all sensory resources, which facilitates and integrates the graphic text information with visual-spatial processing codes and visual-constructional codes inherent to the mechanisms of deaf people information processing deaf, providing flexibility and cognitive modifiability and increasing the use of metacognitive strategies for solving problems

Implementation of a mindfulness-based crisis intervention for frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in a public general hospital in Madrid, Spain

Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak is having an impact on the well-being of healthcare workers. Mindfulness-based interventions have shown effectiveness in reducing stress and fostering resilience and recovery in healthcare workers. There are no studies examining the feasibility of brief mindfulness-based interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak. Materials and Methods: This is an exploratory study with a post intervention assessment. We describe an on-site brief mindfulness intervention and evaluate its helpfulness, safety, and feasibility. Results: One thousand out of 7,000 (14%) healthcare workers from La Paz University Hospital in Madrid (Spain) participated in at least one session. One hundred and fifty out of 1,000 (15%) participants filled out a self-report questionnaire evaluating the helpfulness of the intervention for on-site stress reduction. Ninety two subjects (61%) participated in more than one session. Most of the participants were women (80%) with a mean age of 38.6 years. Almost half of the sample were nurses (46%). Sessions were perceived as being helpful with a mean rating of 8.4 on a scale from 0 to 10. Only 3 people (2%) reported a minor adverse effect (increased anxiety or dizziness). Discussion: Our data supports the utility, safety and feasibility of an on-site, brief mindfulness-based intervention designed to reduce stress for frontline health workers during a crisis. There is a need to continue testing this type of interventions, and to integrate emotion regulation strategies as an essential part of health workers' general training. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04555005

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales

Fonoaudiología en los cuidados paliativos

Los cuidados paliativos (CP) se pueden aplicar desde el diagnóstico de una enfermedad potencialmente mortal, durante su progresión y al final de la vida. Para garantizarles calidad de vida al paciente con enfermedad terminal y a su familia, se provee una atención física, emocional y espiritual; así pues, los CP no se aplican únicamente cuando un tratamiento curativo no tiene un efecto favorable o cuando el paciente está en la fase de agonía. Con el objetivo de documentar, describir y caracterizar el quehacer del fonoaudiólogo en los cuidados paliativos, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa. En esta, se emplearon bases de datos especializadas, libros, guías de manejo, páginas electrónicas de instituciones y organizaciones reconocidas mundialmente en cuidados paliativos, fonoaudiología, dolor cráneo-facial, cáncer, enfermedades crónicas, entre otras. Con la información obtenida, se logró contextualizar teóricamente, identificar la situación en Colombia y determinar el rol del fonoaudiólogo en las áreas de comunicación, dolor cráneo-facial y disfagia. Se concluyó que existe escasa información que determine el rol del fonoaudiólogo en los cuidados paliativos, a pesar del reporte de la importancia de su quehacer profesional en esta área. Además, todas sus actividades profesionales están alineadas con los disposiciones establecidas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) al buscar un cuidado que garantice buena vida en los últimos días

A Quadratic–Exponential Model of Variogram Based on Knowing the Maximal Variability: Application to a Rainfall Time Series

Variogram models are a valuable tool used to analyze the variability of a time series; such variability usually entails a spherical or exponential behavior, and so, models based on such functions are commonly used to fit and explain a time series. Variograms have a quasi-periodic structure for rainfall cases, and some extra steps are required to analyze their entire behavior. In this work, we detailed a procedure for a complete analysis of rainfall time series, from the construction of the experimental variogram to curve fitting with well-known spherical and exponential models, and finally proposed a novel model: quadratic–exponential. Our model was developed based on the analysis of 6 out of 30 rainfall stations from our case study: the Río Bravo–San Juan basin, and was constructed from the exponential model while introducing a quadratic behavior near to the origin and taking into account the fact that the maximal variability of the process is known. Considering a sample with diverse Hurst exponents, the stations were selected. The results obtained show robustness in our proposed model, reaching a good fit with and without the nugget effect for different Hurst exponents. This contrasts to previous models, which show good outcomes only without the nugget effect

A Climate-Mathematical Clustering of Rainfall Stations in the Río Bravo-San Juan Basin (Mexico) by Using the Higuchi Fractal Dimension and the Hurst Exponent

When conducting an analysis of nature’s time series, such as meteorological ones, an important matter is a long-range dependence to quantify the global behavior of the series and connect it with other physical characteristics of the region of study. In this paper, we applied the Higuchi fractal dimension and the Hurst exponent (rescaled range) to quantify the relative trend underlying the time series of historical data from 17 of the 34 weather stations located in the Río Bravo-San Juan Basin, Mexico; these data were provided by the National Water Commission CONAGUA) in Mexico. In this way, this work aims to perform a comparative study about the level of persistency obtained by using the Higuchi fractal dimension and Hurst exponent for each station of the basin. The comparison is supported by a climate clustering of the stations, according to the Köppen classification. Results showed a better fitting between the climate of each station and its Higuchi fractal dimension obtained than when using the Hurst exponent. In fact, we found that the more the aridity of the zone the more the persistency of rainfall, according to Higuchi’s values. In turn, we found more relation between the Hurst exponent and the accumulated amount of rainfall. These are relations between the climate and the long-term persistency of rainfall in the basin that could help to better understand and complete the climatological models of the study region. Trends between the fractal exponents used and the accumulated annual rainfall were also analyzed

¿Cómo la comprensión de lectura en estudiantes sordos se ve facilitada por el uso de tecnologías de la comunicación e información?

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar, analizar y reflexionar la utilidad del empleo de las Tecnologías de la Comunicación e Información en los procesos de comprensión lectora en sordos, caracterizada por ser una competencia bilingüe de alta complejidad. A partir de una investigación-acción, se identificó como el empleo de las TIC impacto en el desempeño de  5  estudiantes sordos, en el dominio de una lengua lecto-escrita  ( comprensión lectora )-L2-. Se encontró  que el empleo de  las  Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación –TIC-, dinamizan el proceso lector aportando herramientas que incorporan e integran la utilización de todo recurso sensorial que facilita e integra la información gráfica del texto, con códigos de procesamiento viso-espacial y viso-construccional propios  de los mecanismos del procesamiento de la información en sordos, facilitando la flexibilidad y modificabilidad cognitiva e incrementando las estrategias metacognitivas en la solución de problemas

Statistical Analysis of PM₁₀ Concentration in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, Mexico (2010–2018)

Air-quality monitoring and analysis are initial parts of a comprehensive strategy to prevent air pollution in cities. In such a context, statistical tools play an important role in determining the time-series trends, locating areas with high pollutant concentrations, and building predictive models. In this work, we analyzed the spatio-temporal behavior of the pollutant PM10 in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA), Mexico during the period 2010–2018 by applying statistical analysis to the time series of seven environmental stations. First, we used experimental variograms and scientific visualization to determine the general trends and variability in time. Then, fractal exponents (the Hurst rescaled range and Higuchi algorithm) were used to analyze the long-term dependence of the time series and characterize the study area by correlating that dependence with the geographical parameters of each environmental station. The results suggest a linear decrease in PM10 concentration, which showed an annual cyclicity. The autumn-winter period was the most polluted and the spring-summer period was the least. Furthermore, it was found that the highest average concentrations are located in the western and high-altitude zones of the MMA, and that average concentration is related in a quadratic way to the Hurst and Higuchi exponents, which in turn are related to some geographic parameters. Therefore, in addition to the results for the MMA, the present paper shows three practical statistical methods for analyzing the spatio-temporal behavior of air quality

Statistical Analysis of PM10 Concentration in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, Mexico (2010–2018)

Air-quality monitoring and analysis are initial parts of a comprehensive strategy to prevent air pollution in cities. In such a context, statistical tools play an important role in determining the time-series trends, locating areas with high pollutant concentrations, and building predictive models. In this work, we analyzed the spatio-temporal behavior of the pollutant PM10 in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA), Mexico during the period 2010–2018 by applying statistical analysis to the time series of seven environmental stations. First, we used experimental variograms and scientific visualization to determine the general trends and variability in time. Then, fractal exponents (the Hurst rescaled range and Higuchi algorithm) were used to analyze the long-term dependence of the time series and characterize the study area by correlating that dependence with the geographical parameters of each environmental station. The results suggest a linear decrease in PM10 concentration, which showed an annual cyclicity. The autumn-winter period was the most polluted and the spring-summer period was the least. Furthermore, it was found that the highest average concentrations are located in the western and high-altitude zones of the MMA, and that average concentration is related in a quadratic way to the Hurst and Higuchi exponents, which in turn are related to some geographic parameters. Therefore, in addition to the results for the MMA, the present paper shows three practical statistical methods for analyzing the spatio-temporal behavior of air quality