The sine-Gordon model with integrable defects revisited

Application of our algebraic approach to Liouville integrable defects is proposed for the sine-Gordon model. Integrability of the model is ensured by the underlying classical r-matrix algebra. The first local integrals of motion are identified together with the corresponding Lax pairs. Continuity conditions imposed on the time components of the entailed Lax pairs give rise to the sewing conditions on the defect point consistent with Liouville integrability.Comment: 24 pages Latex. Minor modifications, added comment

Variable interaction in multi-objective optimization problems

14th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature – PPSN XIV, 2016-09-17, 2016-09-21, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 399 - 409This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.The final publication is available at link.springer.comVariable interaction is an important aspect of a problem, which reflects its structure, and has implications on the design of efficient optimization algorithms. Although variable interaction has been widely studied in the global optimization community, it has rarely been explored in the multi-objective optimization literature. In this paper, we empirically and analytically study the variable interaction structures of some popular multi-objective benchmark problems. Our study uncovers nontrivial variable interaction structures for the ZDT and DTLZ benchmark problems which were thought to be either separable or non-separable

Complete sequence and genomic annotation of carrot torradovirus 1

Carrot torradovirus 1 (CaTV1) is a new member of the genus Torradovirus within the family Secoviridae. CaTV1 genome sequences were obtained from a previous next-generation sequencing (NGS) study and were compared to other members and tentative new members of the genus. The virus has a bipartite genome, and RACE was used to amplify and sequence each end of RNA1 and RNA2. As a result, RNA1 and RNA2 are estimated to contain 6944 and 4995 nucleotides, respectively, with RNA1 encoding the proteins involved in virus replication, and RNA2 encoding the encapsidation and movement proteins. Sequence comparisons showed that CaTV1 clustered within the non-tomato-infecting torradoviruses and is most similar to motherwort yellow mottle virus (MYMoV). The nucleotide sequence identities of the Pro-Pol and coat protein regions were below the criteria established by the ICTV for demarcating species, confirming that CaTV1 should be classified as a member of a new species within the genus Torradovirus

Comparison of Non-human Primate versus Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Treatment of Myocardial Infarction.

Non-human primates (NHPs) can serve as a human-like model to study cell therapy using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). However, whether the efficacy of NHP and human iPSC-CMs is mechanistically similar remains unknown. To examine this, RNU rats received intramyocardial injection of 1 × 107 NHP or human iPSC-CMs or the same number of respective fibroblasts or PBS control (n = 9-14/group) at 4 days after 60-min coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion. Cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling were similarly improved in both iPSC-CM-treated groups. To mimic the ischemic environment in the infarcted heart, both cultured NHP and human iPSC-CMs underwent 24-hr hypoxia in vitro. Both cells and media were collected, and similarities in transcriptomic as well as metabolomic profiles were noted between both groups. In conclusion, both NHP and human iPSC-CMs confer similar cardioprotection in a rodent myocardial infarction model through relatively similar mechanisms via promotion of cell survival, angiogenesis, and inhibition of hypertrophy and fibrosis

Three Kinds of Special Relativity via Inverse Wick Rotation

Since the special relativity can be viewed as the physics in an inverse Wick rotation of 4-d Euclid space, which is at almost equal footing with the 4-d Riemann/Lobachevski space, there should be important physics in the inverse Wick rotation of 4-d Riemann/Lobachevski space. Thus, there are three kinds of special relativity in de Sitter/Minkowski/anti-de Sitter space at almost equal footing, respectively. There is an instanton tunnelling scenario in the Riemann-de Sitter case that may explain why \La be positive and link with the multiverse.Comment: 3 pages, no figures, to appear in Chin. Phys. Let

Genetic history of Classic Period Teotihuacan burials in Central Mexico

The ancient city of Teotihuacan was a great urban and ceremonial center, whose population grew exceptionally in the Classic Period (300 – 700 AC). Settlement patterns, culture and burials have indicated an occupation that consisted of groups of neighboring apartment compounds or barrios. We investigated the genetics of three apartment compounds in the Teotihuacan Valley through ancient DNA analysis to prove multiethnicity during the Classic Period. Amerindian mitochondrial haplogroups were identified in 10 burials from San Francisco Mazapa, 7 from San Sebastian Xolalpan, and 19 human bone tools from La Ventilla. These samples had a wide genetic diversity. Differences in genetic structures were slight but significant (p< 0.001) between the three households and 7 ancient populations from Central and Southern Mexico by FST analysis between the three barrios studied, and Xaltocan (post-conquest) was congruent with the number of migrants estimated. Tlailotlacan, another household of Teotihuacan, was different following a small interaction with Mazapa, Xolalpan and La Ventilla. Through the estimation of immigrants, the three households studied seem to have come into contact with Mayans from Xcaret in Yucatan, and this coincides with archaeological data reported. Genetic data could indicate that migration and less genetic drift may possibly lead to a more effective role in the Teotihuacan groups, suggesting that interchange with other groups was not only for commercial, service or governmental purposes, which implicated demographic integration and genetic fusion, culminating in multiethnicity during the Classic Period in Teotihuacan. Further studies can be directed to examine others households.La ciudad de Teotihuacan tuvo un gran crecimiento poblacional durante el Período Clásico (300-700 AC, del inglés after Christ), cuando alcanzó el desarrollo urbano y llegó a ser un centro ceremonial de gran importancia. Los patrones de asentamiento, cultura y los entierros excavados muestran una ocupación organizada en barrios. En este estudio se realiza el análisis genético, por medio del ADN antiguo, de tres barrios ubicados en el Valle de Teotihuacan con el objetivo de identificar patrones de multietnicidad durante el Período Clásico. Se identificaron los haplogrupos mitocondriales amerindios en 10 individuos de San Francisco Mazapa, 7 de San Sebastián Xolalpan y 19 residuos de herramientas óseas de La Ventilla. Estos barrios mostraron diversidad genética. El análisis de FST reveló poca estructura genética, pero estadísticamente significativa (p<0.001), entre los barrios estudiados, en comparación con 7 poblaciones antiguas del centro y sur de México. En los análisis, Xaltocan fue congruente con el número de migrantes estimado. Tlailotlacan, otro barrio de Teotihuacan, tuvo una relación pequeña con los barrios estudiados. La estimación de migrantes mostró que pudieron tener contacto con mayas de Xcaret en Yucatán, en coincidencia con los datos arqueológicos reportados. Los datos genéticos podrían señalar que la migración y poca deriva genética jugaron un papel importante entre los grupos teotihuacanos, lo que sugiere intercambio con otros grupos por propósitos de comercio, servicios o gubernamentales, lo cual implica integración y fusión genética que determina multietnicidad en Teotihuacan durante el período Clásico. Estos resultados pueden ser corroborados por estudios en otros barrios de Teotihuacan y con futuros análisis de secuenciación.Asociación de Antropología Biológica de la República Argentina (AABRA

Genetic history of Classic Period Teotihuacan burials in Central Mexico

The ancient city of Teotihuacan was a great urban and ceremonial center, whose population grew exceptionally in the Classic Period (300 – 700 AC). Settlement patterns, culture and burials have indicated an occupation that consisted of groups of neighboring apartment compounds or barrios. We investigated the genetics of three apartment compounds in the Teotihuacan Valley through ancient DNA analysis to prove multiethnicity during the Classic Period. Amerindian mitochondrial haplogroups were identified in 10 burials from San Francisco Mazapa, 7 from San Sebastian Xolalpan, and 19 human bone tools from La Ventilla. These samples had a wide genetic diversity. Differences in genetic structures were slight but significant (p< 0.001) between the three households and 7 ancient populations from Central and Southern Mexico by FST analysis between the three barrios studied, and Xaltocan (post-conquest) was congruent with the number of migrants estimated. Tlailotlacan, another household of Teotihuacan, was different following a small interaction with Mazapa, Xolalpan and La Ventilla. Through the estimation of immigrants, the three households studied seem to have come into contact with Mayans from Xcaret in Yucatan, and this coincides with archaeological data reported. Genetic data could indicate that migration and less genetic drift may possibly lead to a more effective role in the Teotihuacan groups, suggesting that interchange with other groups was not only for commercial, service or governmental purposes, which implicated demographic integration and genetic fusion, culminating in multiethnicity during the Classic Period in Teotihuacan. Further studies can be directed to examine others households.La ciudad de Teotihuacan tuvo un gran crecimiento poblacional durante el Período Clásico (300-700 AC, del inglés after Christ), cuando alcanzó el desarrollo urbano y llegó a ser un centro ceremonial de gran importancia. Los patrones de asentamiento, cultura y los entierros excavados muestran una ocupación organizada en barrios. En este estudio se realiza el análisis genético, por medio del ADN antiguo, de tres barrios ubicados en el Valle de Teotihuacan con el objetivo de identificar patrones de multietnicidad durante el Período Clásico. Se identificaron los haplogrupos mitocondriales amerindios en 10 individuos de San Francisco Mazapa, 7 de San Sebastián Xolalpan y 19 residuos de herramientas óseas de La Ventilla. Estos barrios mostraron diversidad genética. El análisis de FST reveló poca estructura genética, pero estadísticamente significativa (p<0.001), entre los barrios estudiados, en comparación con 7 poblaciones antiguas del centro y sur de México. En los análisis, Xaltocan fue congruente con el número de migrantes estimado. Tlailotlacan, otro barrio de Teotihuacan, tuvo una relación pequeña con los barrios estudiados. La estimación de migrantes mostró que pudieron tener contacto con mayas de Xcaret en Yucatán, en coincidencia con los datos arqueológicos reportados. Los datos genéticos podrían señalar que la migración y poca deriva genética jugaron un papel importante entre los grupos teotihuacanos, lo que sugiere intercambio con otros grupos por propósitos de comercio, servicios o gubernamentales, lo cual implica integración y fusión genética que determina multietnicidad en Teotihuacan durante el período Clásico. Estos resultados pueden ser corroborados por estudios en otros barrios de Teotihuacan y con futuros análisis de secuenciación.Asociación de Antropología Biológica de la República Argentina (AABRA

Giving new sorghum variety options to resource-poor farmers in Nicaragua through participatory varietal selection

In the dry areas of Nicaragua, white-grain sorghum is an important subsistence crop for resource-poor farmers. From 2002 to 2007, participatory varietal selection (PVS) was implemented in three regions with the aim of identifying new varieties matching small farmers' needs. This paper describes the general approach, the partnership and the methods used to identify farmers' selection criteria (FSC), as well as the evaluation of new germplasm using the scoring method. Data analysis involved relating farmers' evaluation data to agronomic data and farmers' selection decisions (FSD), using Spearman correlations and the chi-square test. In the three regions, higher grain yield and good grain quality for making tortillas were identified as the two main FSCs for both the 'tortillero' and 'millón' sorghum types; the ranking of the other important FSC differed between the sites and the sorghum types. Our data shows that farmers' scores for earliness were highly correlated with breeder's observations while farmers' assessments of grain yield were correlated with measured yield in half the cases, depending on their knowledge of the crop. The study shows that in evaluating grain quality the farmers used several specific traits which were not considered by breeders. Overall appreciation, grain yield and grain quality were the key farmers' criteria that contributed to FSD. The PVS work enabled breeders to obtain a better understanding of farmers' criteria as well as identifying new progenitors, which should be useful for the sorghum breeding schemes in Central America in the future. Furthermore, by exploring wide genetic diversity, it was possible to release several farmer-preferred and high-performing varieties within a fairly short period