69 research outputs found
Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Markers in Children and Adolescents: Genobox Cohort
Diet is a key factor for obesity development; however, limited data are available on
dietary cluster analysis in children with obesity. We aimed to assess the associations between dietary
patterns and obesity and several cardiometabolic markers. Anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance,
blood pressure and plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial damage
were determined in 674 Caucasian children, aged 5–16, with normal or excess weight. Using a food
frequency questionnaire and cluster analysis, two consistent dietary patterns were shown, labeled as
health conscious (HC) and sweet and processed (SP). The HC pattern included a greater proportion of
participants with overweight/obesity than the SP cluster (80.1% vs. 63.8%). However, children with
obesity within the HC cluster, showed less abdominal fat, through waist to hip (0.93 vs. 0.94) and
waist to height (0.61 vs. 0.63) indexes (p < 0.01). Univariate general models showed several additional
di erences in cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in the global and stratified analyses, with a healthier
profile being observed mainly in the HC cluster. However, multivariate models questioned these
findings and pointed out the need for further studies in this field. Anyhow, our findings support the
benefits of a healthy diet and highlight the importance of dietary patterns in the cardiometabolic risk
assessment of children with overweight/obesity, beyond weight control.Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I+D+I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Health Research Funding (FONDOS FEDER)
PI05/1968
PI11/01425
PI11/02042
PI11/02059
PI16/01301
PI16/01205
PI1600871CIBEROBN Network
CB15/00131
CB15/00043Juan de la Cierva-Formacion from the Spanish Government
FJCI-2017-34967
FJCI-2014-19795Vice-Rectorate of Research and Transfer of the University of Granada, Spai
Longitudinal associations between cardiovascular biomarkers and metabolic syndrome during puberty: the PUBMEP study
Puberty has been described as a life stage of considerable metabolic risk specially for those with obesity. The low-grade systemic
inflammatory status associated with obesity could be one of the connections with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, we
aimed to assess the relationship between inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers and the development of MetS during
puberty. Seventy-five children from the PUBMEP study (33 females), aged 4–18 years, were included. Cardiovascular and
inflammatory biomarkers were measured in the prepubertal and pubertal stage, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
(CRP), leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin 8 (IL8), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), total
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (tPAI), resistin, adiponectin, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and soluble intercellular adhesion
molecule-1 (sICAM-1). MetS was diagnosed at each measurement point. Mixed-effects and logistic regressions were performed.
Those children with MetS in puberty presented higher prepubertal values of several cardiometabolic biomarkers in
comparison to those without MetS (z-score body mass index (zBMI), waist circumference, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, and
tPAI (p < 0.05)). For prepubertal children with obesity, the odds of developing MetS in puberty were significantly higher in
those having high zBMI (OR = 4.27; CI: 1.39–22.59) or high concentrations of tPAI (OR = 1.19; CI: 1.06–1.43).
Conclusion: Those with obesity with higher prepubertal tPAI plasma levels had 19% higher odds of having MetS at puberty
highlighting the existence of association between MetS, obesity, and inflammation already in puberty. Thus, assessing cardiometabolic
and inflammatory status in children with obesity already at prepuberty is key to avoiding future comorbidities.CRUE-CSIC agreementSpringer NaturePlan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Health Research PI11/01425
PI11/02042
PI11/02059
PI16/01301
PI16/01205
PI16/00871
PI20/00563CIBEROBN Network CB15/00131
CB15/00043Redes tematicas de investigacion cooperativa RETIC Red SAMID RD12/0026/001
Impact of Physical Activity and Exercise on the Epigenome in Skeletal Muscle and Effects on Systemic Metabolism
Julio Plaza-Diaz and Concepcion M. Aguilera are part of the "UGR Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016" and the "Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), University of Granada". Julio Plaza-Diaz is supported by a fellowship to postdoctoral researchers at foreign universities and research centers from the "Fundacion Ramon Areces", Madrid, Spain. Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda is supported by a fellowship from Spanish Government "Agencia Estatal de Investigacion-Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion" program (IJC2020-042739-I). Alvaro TorresMartos is supported by the Project "Transductores Moleculares del Ejercicio Fisico y la Activacion del Tejido Adiposo Pardo: en Busca de Nuevas Dianas Terapeuticas en la Comunicacion Intercelular" funded by "Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad (PY18-4455), Junta de Andalucia", Spain.Exercise and physical activity induces physiological responses in organisms, and adaptations
in skeletal muscle, which is beneficial for maintaining health and preventing and/or treating
most chronic diseases. These adaptations are mainly instigated by transcriptional responses that
ensue in reaction to each individual exercise, either resistance or endurance. Consequently, changes
in key metabolic, regulatory, and myogenic genes in skeletal muscle occur as both an early and late
response to exercise, and these epigenetic modifications, which are influenced by environmental and
genetic factors, trigger those alterations in the transcriptional responses. DNA methylation and histone
modifications are the most significant epigenetic changes described in gene transcription, linked
to the skeletal muscle transcriptional response to exercise, and mediating the exercise adaptations.
Nevertheless, other alterations in the epigenetics markers, such as epitranscriptomics, modifications
mediated by miRNAs, and lactylation as a novel epigenetic modification, are emerging as key events
for gene transcription. Here, we provide an overview and update of the impact of exercise on
epigenetic modifications, including the well-described DNA methylations and histone modifications,
and the emerging modifications in the skeletal muscle. In addition, we describe the effects of exercise
on epigenetic markers in other metabolic tissues; also, we provide information about how systemic
metabolism or its metabolites influence epigenetic modifications in the skeletal muscle."Fundacion Ramon Areces", Madrid, SpainSpanish Government "Agencia Estatal de Investigacion-Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion" program IJC2020-042739-IProject "Transductores Moleculares del Ejercicio Fisico y la Activacion del Tejido Adiposo Pardo: en Busca de Nuevas Dianas Terapeuticas en la Comunicacion Intercelular" - "Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucia", PY18-445
The Vitamin D Decrease in Children with Obesity Is Associated with the Development of Insulin Resistance during Puberty: The PUBMEP Study
This work was supported by the Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e
Innovación Tecnológica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Health Research Funding (FONDOS
FEDER) (PI11/01425, PI11/02042, PI11/02059, PI16/01301, PI16/01205, PI16/00871 and PI20/00563);
CIBEROBN Network (CB15/00131, CB15/00043); Redes temáticas de investigación cooperativa
RETIC (Red SAMID RD12/0026/0015). The authors also acknowledge Instituto de Salud Carlos
III for personal funding: Contratos i-PFIS: doctorados IIS-empresa en ciencias y tecnologías de la
salud de la convocatoria 2017 de la Acción Estratégica en Salud 2013–2016 (IFI17/00048). E.M.G.-G.
holds a Juan de la Cierva-Formación grant (FJCI-2017-34967) from the Ministerio de Ciencia e
Innovación (Spanish Government). L.V.P. acknowledges financial support of the Visiting Professor
Program from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES—Grant
88881.337237/2019-01), Brazil.Obesity and cardiometabolic risk have been associated with vitamin D levels even in children. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between insulin resistance (IR), cardiometabolic risk factors, and vitamin D in children from prepubertal to pubertal stages. A total of 76 children from the PUBMEP study, aged 4-12 years at baseline, were included. Children were evaluated in prepubertal and pubertal stages. Anthropometric measurements and selected cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, such as plasma glucose, blood lipids, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and blood pressure, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were determined. Children were categorized by obesity degree and IR status combined before and after puberty. Paired t-test and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted. During puberty, the increase in triacylglycerols, insulin, and HOMA-IR and the decrease in QUICKI were significantly associated with the reduction in 25(OH)D (B = -0.274, p = 0.032; B = -0.219, p = 0.019; B = -0.250, p = 0.013; B = 1.574, p = 0.013, respectively) after adjustment by BMI-z, sex, and pubertal stage. Otherwise, prepubertal non-IR children with overweight/obesity that became IR during puberty showed a significant decrease in 25(OH)D and HDL-c, and an increase in waist circumference and triacylglycerol concentrations (p < 0.05 for all) over time. These results suggest that changes in IR seem to be associated with an effect on 25(OH)D levels during puberty, especially in children with overweight.Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e
Innovación Tecnológica (I + D + I)Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Health Research Funding (FONDOS
FEDER) (PI11/01425, PI11/02042, PI11/02059, PI16/01301, PI16/01205, PI16/00871 and PI20/00563)CIBEROBN Network (CB15/00131, CB15/00043)Redes temáticas de investigación cooperativa
RETIC (Red SAMID RD12/0026/0015)Instituto de Salud Carlos
III (IFI17/00048)Juan de la Cierva-Formación grant (FJCI-2017-34967) Ministerio de Ciencia e
Innovación (Spanish Government)Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES—Grant
88881.337237/2019-01), Brazi
A specific protein-enriched enteral formula decreases cortisolemia and improves plasma albumin and amino acid concentrations in elderly patients
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Old age is associated with an involuntary and progressive but physiological loss of muscle mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exclusive consumption for 6 months of a protein-enriched enteral diet with a relatively high content of branched-chain amino acids on albuminemia, cortisolemia, plasma amino acids, insulin resistance, and inflammation biomarkers in elderly patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirty-two patients from the Clinical Nutrition Outpatient Unit at our hospital exclusively consumed a protein-enriched enteral diet for 6 months. Data were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months on anthropometric and biochemical parameters and on plasma concentrations of amino acids, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, urea, creatinine, insulin resistance, and inflammation biomarkers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The percentage of patients with albumin concentration below normal cut-off values decreased from 18% to 0% by the end of the study. At 6 months, concentrations of total plasma (<it>p </it>= 0.008) and essential amino acids (<it>p </it>= 0.011), especially branched-chain amino acids (<it>p </it>= 0.031), were higher versus baseline values, whereas 3-methylhistidine (<it>p </it>= 0.001), cortisol (<it>p </it>= 0.001) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (<it>p </it>= 0.004) levels were lower.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Regular intake of specific protein-enriched enteral formula increases plasma essential amino acids, especially branched-chain amino acids, and decreases cortisol and 3-methylhistidine, while plasma urea and creatinine remain unchanged.</p
Inflammatory markers and bone mass in children with overweight/obesity: the role of muscular fitness
Objectives
To examine which inflammatory markers are associated with bone mass and whether this association varies according to muscular fitness in children with overweight/obesity.
Methods
Plasma interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), and C-reactive protein were analyzed in 55 children aged 8–11 years. A muscular fitness score was computed. Bone mineral content (BMC) of the total body-less head (TBLH) and lumbar spine (LS) were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
Results
IL-6 (β = −0.136) and VEGF (β = −0.099) were associated with TBLH BMC, while TNF-α (β = −0.345) and IL-1β (β = 0.212) were associated with LS BMC (P < 0.05). The interaction effect of muscular fitness showed a trend in the association of VEGF with TBLH BMC (P = 0.122) and TNF-α with LS BMC (P = 0.057). Stratified analyses by muscular fitness levels showed an inverse association of VEGF with TBLH BMC (β = −0.152) and TNF-α with LS BMC (β = −0.491) in the low-fitness group, while no association was found in the high-fitness group.
Conclusion
IL-6, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β are significantly associated with bone mass. Higher muscular fitness may attenuate the adverse effect of high VEGF and TNF-α on bone mass
Inflammatory biomarkers and brain health indicators in children with overweight and obesity: The ActiveBrains project
INTRODUCTION: Chronic inflammation plays an important role on the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as on brain function and behaviour. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between inflammatory biomarkers and a wide range of brain health indicators (i.e., academic performance, executive function, behavioural and emotional functioning, and brain volume) in children with overweight/obesity.
METHODS: A total of 107 children (10.0 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) from the ActiveBrains project were included in the analysis. Five inflammatory biomarkers were analysed in plasma: white blood cell (WBC) count, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Academic performance was assessed by Woodcock-Munoz Tests of Achievement. Executive function was assessed through the Design Fluency Test for cognitive flexibility, the Stroop test for cognitive inhibition, and the Delayed Non-Match-to-Sample task for working memory. Behavioural and emotional functioning was evaluated through the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) questionnaire. Total and regional brain volume was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.
RESULTS: IL-6 was inversely associated with adaptive skills (beta = -0.228; p = 0.030), while TNF-alpha was related to mathematics (beta = -0.198; p = 0.034). In addition, CRP was positively associated with externalizing (beta = 0.246; p = 0.046) and internalizing problems (beta = 0.234; p = 0.039), as well as the behavioural symptoms index (beta = 0.236; p = 0.047). However, these significant associations disappeared after multiple comparisons correction. Inflammatory biomarkers were not associated with executive function and total brain volumes. Regarding regional brain analyses, WBC was positively associated with gray matter volume in the left middle temporal gyrus (beta = 0.387; p < 0.001, k = 44), and CRP was positively associated with gray matter volume in the right superior temporal gyrus (beta = 0.439; p < 0.001, k = 29). Additionally, when adjusting by total brain volume, CRP was positively associated with gray matter volume in the right supplementary motor cortex (beta = 0.453; p < 0.001, k = 51). Moreover, both, IL-6 (beta = 0.366; p < 0.001, k = 81) and TNF-alpha (beta = 0.368; p < 0.001, k = 62) were positively associated with white matter volume around the right inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, while CRP was inversely associated with white matter volume around the left superior frontal gyrus (beta = -0.482; p < 0.001, k = 82). After adjusting by total brain volume, CRP was also inversely associated with white matter volume in 3 additional clusters (beta ranging from -0.473 to -0.404; p < 0.001, k = 87).
CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation was slightly associated with brain health (i.e., academic performance, behavioural and emotional functioning and regional brain volume) in children with overweight or obesity. Further larger longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to elucidate the short-term and long-term effect of systemic low-grade inflammation on children's brain health
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from acidic soils favors production of tomatoes and lycopene concentration
This study was supported by FONDECYT 11170641 and MEC80190060 (P. Aguilera), MEC 80180077 (A. Seguel), from Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID, Chile
Energy dense salty food consumption frequency is associated with diastolic hypertension in Spanish children
High blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and sodium consumption is related to high BP. Moreover, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) influence BP. For this reason, we investigated whether: 1) children with risk of elevated BP had a higher consumption frequency (CF) of energy-dense salty foods (EDSF), high-sugary foods (HSF) and SSB or a low DASH score; and 2) children with a higher CF of EDSF showed a worse anthropometric and metabolic profile. Anthropometry, BP and general biochemical parameters were measured in 687 Spanish children (5-16 years) with normal or excess weight. A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate EDSF, HSF and SSB consumption, and modified DASH score. Results showed that sex and pubertal stage influenced modified DASH score. Diastolic hypertension was associated to higher CF of EDSF in the whole sample and to higher CF of SSB in pubertal children, both independently of nutritional status. In addition, CF of EDSF was positively associated with CF of HSF and SSB and inversely associated with modified DASH score. Targeted policies and intervention programs, specific for different age ranges, should be established that aim to reduce salt consumption from snacks and processed foods, which could reduce HSF and SSB consumption as well
Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress in Children: Influence of Puberty and Metabolically Unhealthy Status
Oxidative stress could help explain the relationship between childhood obesity and a
metabolically unhealthy (MU) status. Moreover, puberty could also influence this relationship,
since it entails physiological cardiometabolic changes. We aimed to evaluate plasma antioxidants
and oxidative stress biomarkers in MU and metabolically healthy (MH) prepubertal and pubertal
children and their associations with pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers, taking
puberty into account. A total of 1444 Spanish children aged 3–17 years (48.9% males, 66% prepubertal,
47.1% with obesity) were recruited. Blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters
were measured, and children were categorized as having a MU or MH status according to risk factors.
Retinol, carotenes, tocopherols, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized low-density lipoprotein
and selected pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers were analyzed. General linear
models adjusted for age, sex, recruitment center and body mass index, partial correlations and
stepwise linear regressions were performed. Lower carotenes and tocopherols levels were found in
MU than in MH children. Plasma TAC was lower in prepubertal and higher in pubertal children with
obesity compared to normal-weight children. Antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers showed
novel associations with several pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers, with pubertal
differences, supporting the importance of considering both the antioxidant and oxidative stress status
and puberty in the prevention of metabolic diseases in childhood.Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Health Research Funding (FONDOS FEDER)
PI051968
PI11/01425
PI1102042
PI11/02059
PI16/01301
PI16/012
PI1600871CIBEROBN Network
CB12/03/30038
CB15/00131
CB15/0004
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