Sentinel-2 Application to the Surface Characterization of Small Water Bodies in Wetlands

[EN] Developing indicators to monitor environmental change in wetlands with the aid of Earth Observation Systems can help to obtain spatial data that is not feasible with in situ measures (e.g., flooding patterns). In this study, we aim to test Sentinel-2A/B images suitability for detecting small water bodies in wetlands characterized by high diversity of temporal and spatial flooding patterns using previously published indices. For this purpose, we used medium spatial resolution Sentinel-2A/B images of four representative coastal wetlands in the Valencia Region (East Spain, Mediterranean Sea), and on three different dates. To validate the results, 60 points (30 in water areas and 30 in land areas) were distributed randomly within a 20 m buffer around the border of each digitized water polygon for each date and wetland (600 in total). These polygons were mapped using as a base map orthophotos of high spatial resolution. In our study, the best performing index was the NDWI. Overall accuracy and Kappa index results were optimal for ¿0.30 threshold in all the studied wetlands and dates. The consistency in the results is key to provide a methodology to characterize water bodies in wetlands as generalizable as possible. Most studies developed in wetlands have focused on calculating global gain or loss of wetland area. However, inside of wetlands which hold protection figures, the main threat is not necessarily land use change, but rather water management strategies. Applying Sentinel-2A/B images to calculate the NDWI index and monitor flooded area changes will be key to analyse the consequence of these management actions.Pena-Regueiro, J.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.; Estornell Cremades, J.; Aguilar-Maldonado, JA. (2020). Sentinel-2 Application to the Surface Characterization of Small Water Bodies in Wetlands. Water. 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/w1205148712

Patterns of statin adherence in primary cardiovascular disease prevention during the pandemic

Background: Study of medication adherence patterns can help identify patients who would benefit from effective interventions to improve adherence. Objectives: To identify and compare groups of statin users based on their adherence patterns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, to characterize the profile of users in each group, and to analyze predictors of distinct adherence patterns.Methods: Participants of the CARhES (CArdiovascular Risk factors for HEalth Services research) cohort, comprising individuals aged >16 years, residing in Aragón (Spain), with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidemia, took part in this observational longitudinal study. Individuals who began statin therapy during January–June 2019 were selected and followed up until June 2021. Those with a cardiovascular event before or during follow-up were excluded. Data were obtained from healthcare system data sources. Statin treatment adherence during the implementation phase was estimated bimonthly using the Continuous Medication Availability (CMA9) function in the AdhereR package. Group-based trajectory models were developed to group statin users according to their adherence pattern during July 2019–June 2021. Group characteristics were compared and predictors of each adherence pattern were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression.Results: Of 15,332 new statin users, 30.8% had a mean CMA9 ≥80% for the entire study period. Four distinct adherence patterns were identified: high adherence (37.2% of the study population); poor adherence (35.6%); occasional use (14.9%); and gradual decline (12.3%). The latter two groups included users who showed a change in adherence (increase or decrease) during the pandemic emergence. Users with suboptimal adherence were likely to be younger, not pensioners, not institutionalized, with low morbidity burden and a low number of comorbidities. Female sex and switching between statins of different intensity increased the likelihood of belonging to the occasional use group, in which improved adherence coincided with the pandemic. Conclusion: We identified four distinct adherence patterns in a population of new statin users; two of them modified their adherence during the pandemic. Characterization of these groups could enable more effective distribution of resources in future similar crisis and the routine implementation of patient-centered interventions to improve medication adherence

Sentinel-2 analysis of flooded areas: applied case study "La Safor wetland, Spain"

[EN] La Safor wetland is a representative coastal wetland in the Valencia Region (eastern Spain, Mediterranean Sea). This wetland is recognized at an international level as a Special Protection Area (SPAs) for birds and a Site of Community Importance (SCIs) (Habitats Directive, European Council Directive). The wetland is located on a detrital plain aquifer which in turn is fed by a karstic aquifer in the near limestone reliefs. The flooded surface is variable and depends on pluviometry among other factors. The objective of this study is to analyse the effects of the flooded surface on land uses by remote sensing and Airborne LiDAR data. Sentinel-2A images processed at level 1C were obtained from Copernicus. LiDAR data was used to detect the most vulnerable areas affected by floods. In the results, we analysed the impact of the maximum flooded surface on land uses. We propose several corrective actions on the drainage net based on our analysis. This methodology can be applied to other wetland areas of similar characteristics. The advantage is the high spatial resolution which makes the methodology suitable for small sized wetlands.Pena-Regueiro, J.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.; Aguilar-Maldonado, JA.; Estornell Cremades, J.; Sanchís Blay, JA.; Morell-Monzó, S.; Altur Grau, VJ. (2020). Sentinel-2 analysis of flooded areas: applied case study "La Safor wetland, Spain". WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment (Online). 242:63-70. https://doi.org/10.2495/WP200061S637024

Advances in the Monitoring of Algal Blooms by Remote Sensing: A Bibliometric Analysis

[EN] Since remote sensing of ocean colour began in 1978, several ocean-colour sensors have been launched to measure ocean properties. These measures have been applied to study water quality, and they specifically can be used to study algal blooms. Blooms are a natural phenomenon that, due to anthropogenic activities, appear to have increased in frequency, intensity, and geographic distribution. This paper aims to provide a systematic analysis of research on remote sensing of algal blooms during 1999-2019 via bibliometric technique. This study aims to reveal the limitations of current studies to analyse climatic variability effect. A total of 1292 peer-reviewed articles published between January 1999 and December 2019 were collected. We read all the literature individually to build a database. The number of publications increased since 2004 and reached the maximum value of 128 in 2014. The publications originated from 47 countries, but the number of papers published from the top 10 countries accounted for 77% of the total publications. To be able to distinguish between climate variability and changes of anthropogenic origin for a specific variable is necessary to define the baseline. However, long-term monitoring programs of phytoplankton are very scarce; only 1% of the articles included in this study analysed at least three decades and most of the existing algal blooms studies are based on sporadic sampling and short-term research programs.Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.; Aguilar-Maldonado, JA.; Herrero-Durá, I.; Santamaría-Del-Ángel, E.; Morell-Monzó, S.; Estornell Cremades, J. (2020). Advances in the Monitoring of Algal Blooms by Remote Sensing: A Bibliometric Analysis. Applied Sciences. 10(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217877102

Effectiveness of Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Low- and Medium-Risk Males: A Causal Inference Approach with Observational Data

In this study, we analyzed the effectiveness of statin therapy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in low- and medium-risk patients. Using observational data, we estimated effectiveness by emulating a hypothetical randomized clinical trial comparing statin initiators with statin non-initiators. Two approaches were used to adjust for potential confounding factors: matching and inverse probability weighting in marginal structural models. The estimates of effectiveness were obtained by intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. The intention-to-treat analysis revealed an absolute risk reduction of 7.2 (95% confidence interval (CI95%), −6.6–21.0) events per 1000 subjects treated for 5 years in the matched design, and 2.2 (CI95%, −3.9–8.2) in the marginal structural model. The per-protocol analysis revealed an absolute risk reduction of 16.7 (CI95%, −3.0–36) events per 1000 subjects treated for 5 years in the matched design and 5.8 (CI95%, 0.3–11.4) in the marginal structural model. The indication for statin treatment for primary prevention in individuals with low and medium cardiovascular risk appears to be inefficient, but improves with better adherence and in subjectvs with higher risk

Detection of Phytoplankton Temporal Anomalies Based on Satellite Inherent Optical Properties: A Tool for Monitoring Phytoplankton Blooms

[EN] The baseline of a specific variable defines the average behavior of that variable and it must be built from long data series that represent its spatial and temporal variability. In coastal and marine waters, phytoplankton can produce blooms characterized by a wide range of total cells number or chlorophyll a concentration. Classifying a phytoplankton abundance increase as a bloom depends on the species, the study area and the season. The objective of this study was to define the baseline of satellite absorption coefficients in Todos Santos Bay (Baja California, Mexico) to determine the presence of phytoplankton blooms based on the satellite inherent optical properties index (satellite IOP index). Two field points were selected according to historical bloom reports. To build the baseline, the data of phytoplankton absorption coefficients (aphy,GIOP ) and detritus plus colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) (adCDOM,GIOP ) from the generalized inherent optical property (GIOP) satellite model of the NASA moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS-Aqua) sensor was studied for the period 2003 to 2016. Field data taken during a phytoplankton bloom event on June 2017 was used to validate the use of satellite products. The association between field and satellite data had a significant positive correlation. The satellite baseline detected a trend change from high values to low values of the satellite IOP index since 2010. Improved wastewater treatment to waters discharged into the Bay, and increased aquaculture of filter-feeding mollusks could have been the cause. The methodology proposed in this study can be a supplementary tool for permanent in situ monitoring programs. This methodology offers several advantages: A complete spatial coverage of the specific coastal area under study, appropriate temporal resolution and a tool for building an objective baseline to detect deviation from average conditions during phytoplankton bloom events.This research was funded by the Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT by its acronym in Spanish) with a doctorate scholarship to J.A.A.-M., with the announcement number 291025 in 2015. Also, it was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education Culture and Sports with a post-doctoral research grant to M.T.S.-F., number CAS18/00107, in support of her stay at the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California (Mexico). The APC was funded by the Secretariat of Public Education of Mexico (SEP) under the Program for Professional Development Teacher.Aguilar-Maldonado, J.; Santamaria-Del-Angel, E.; González-Silvera, A.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M. (2019). Detection of Phytoplankton Temporal Anomalies Based on Satellite Inherent Optical Properties: A Tool for Monitoring Phytoplankton Blooms. Sensors. 19(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153339S1915Carbonel H., C. A. A., & Valentin, J. L. (1999). Numerical modelling of phytoplankton bloom in the upwelling ecosystem of Cabo Frio (Brazil). Ecological Modelling, 116(2-3), 135-148. doi:10.1016/s0304-3800(98)00201-4Dore, J. E., Letelier, R. M., Church, M. J., Lukas, R., & Karl, D. M. (2008). Summer phytoplankton blooms in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: Historical perspective and recent observations. Progress in Oceanography, 76(1), 2-38. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2007.10.002Cox, R. F., Issa, R. R. A., & Ahrens, D. (2003). Management’s Perception of Key Performance Indicators for Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 129(2), 142-151. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2003)129:2(142)Zheng, G., & DiGiacomo, P. M. (2017). Remote sensing of chlorophyll-a in coastal waters based on the light absorption coefficient of phytoplankton. Remote Sensing of Environment, 201, 331-341. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2017.09.008Cao, F., Tzortziou, M., Hu, C., Mannino, A., Fichot, C. G., Del Vecchio, R., … Novak, M. (2018). Remote sensing retrievals of colored dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon dynamics in North American estuaries and their margins. Remote Sensing of Environment, 205, 151-165. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2017.11.014Blondeau-Patissier, D., Gower, J. F. R., Dekker, A. G., Phinn, S. R., & Brando, V. E. (2014). A review of ocean color remote sensing methods and statistical techniques for the detection, mapping and analysis of phytoplankton blooms in coastal and open oceans. Progress in Oceanography, 123, 123-144. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2013.12.008Garver, S. A., & Siegel, D. A. (1997). Inherent optical property inversion of ocean color spectra and its biogeochemical interpretation: 1. Time series from the Sargasso Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102(C8), 18607-18625. doi:10.1029/96jc03243Kahru, M., Lee, Z., Kudela, R. M., Manzano-Sarabia, M., & Greg Mitchell, B. (2015). Multi-satellite time series of inherent optical properties in the California Current. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 112, 91-106. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.07.023Kratzer, S., & Moore, G. (2018). Inherent Optical Properties of the Baltic Sea in Comparison to Other Seas and Oceans. Remote Sensing, 10(3), 418. doi:10.3390/rs10030418Werdell, P. J., McKinna, L. I. W., Boss, E., Ackleson, S. G., Craig, S. E., Gregg, W. W., … Zhang, X. (2018). An overview of approaches and challenges for retrieving marine inherent optical properties from ocean color remote sensing. Progress in Oceanography, 160, 186-212. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2018.01.001Costa Goela, P., Icely, J., Cristina, S., Newton, A., Moore, G., & Cordeiro, C. (2013). Specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton off the Southwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula: A contribution to algorithm development for ocean colour remote sensing. Continental Shelf Research, 52, 119-132. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2012.11.009Soja-Woźniak, M., Craig, S., Kratzer, S., Wojtasiewicz, B., Darecki, M., & Jones, C. (2017). A Novel Statistical Approach for Ocean Colour Estimation of Inherent Optical Properties and Cyanobacteria Abundance in Optically Complex Waters. Remote Sensing, 9(4), 343. doi:10.3390/rs9040343Pavlov, A. K., Taskjelle, T., Kauko, H. M., Hamre, B., Hudson, S. R., Assmy, P., … Granskog, M. A. (2017). Altered inherent optical properties and estimates of the underwater light field during an Arctic under-ice bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122(6), 4939-4961. doi:10.1002/2016jc012471Aguilar-Maldonado, J. A., Santamaría-del-Ángel, E., & Sebastiá-Frasquet, M. T. (2017). Reflectances of SPOT multispectral images associated with the turbidity of the Upper Gulf of California. Revista de Teledetección, (50), 1. doi:10.4995/raet.2017.7795Binding, C. E., Greenberg, T. A., McCullough, G., Watson, S. B., & Page, E. (2018). An analysis of satellite-derived chlorophyll and algal bloom indices on Lake Winnipeg. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 44(3), 436-446. doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2018.04.001Aguilar-Maldonado, J., Santamaría-Del-Ángel, E., González-Silvera, A., Cervantes-Rosas, O., & Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.-T. (2018). Mapping Satellite Inherent Optical Properties Index in Coastal Waters of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico). Sustainability, 10(6), 1894. doi:10.3390/su10061894Brewin, R. J. W., Sathyendranath, S., Müller, D., Brockmann, C., Deschamps, P.-Y., Devred, E., … White, G. N. (2015). The Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative: III. A round-robin comparison on in-water bio-optical algorithms. Remote Sensing of Environment, 162, 271-294. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2013.09.016Aguilar-Maldonado, J., Santamaría-del-Ángel, E., González-Silvera, A., Cervantes-Rosas, O., López, L., Gutiérrez-Magness, A., … Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.-T. (2018). Identification of Phytoplankton Blooms under the Index of Inherent Optical Properties (IOP Index) in Optically Complex Waters. Water, 10(2), 129. doi:10.3390/w10020129Cavole, L., Demko, A., Diner, R., Giddings, A., Koester, I., … Franks, P. (2016). Biological Impacts of the 2013–2015 Warm-Water Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific: Winners, Losers, and the Future. Oceanography, 29(2). doi:10.5670/oceanog.2016.32Di Lorenzo, E., & Mantua, N. (2016). Multi-year persistence of the 2014/15 North Pacific marine heatwave. Nature Climate Change, 6(11), 1042-1047. doi:10.1038/nclimate3082Mkrtchyan, F. A., & Varotsos, C. A. (2018). A New Monitoring System for the Surface Marine Anomalies. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 229(8). doi:10.1007/s11270-018-3938-3Gan, R., Yang, Y., & Ma, Y. (2018). Modelling the impacts of the Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies on a drought event in southwestern China with a piecewise-integration method. International Journal of Climatology, 39(2), 799-813. doi:10.1002/joc.5843Yeh, S.-W., Kug, J.-S., Dewitte, B., Kwon, M.-H., Kirtman, B. P., & Jin, F.-F. (2009). El Niño in a changing climate. Nature, 461(7263), 511-514. doi:10.1038/nature08316Peña Manjarrez, J. (2009). Environmental factors influencing the variability of Lingulodinium polyedrum and Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae) cyst production. Ciencias Marinas, 35(1), 1-14. doi:10.7773/cm.v35i1.1406Cepeda-Morales, J. (2017). Response of primary producers to the hydrographic variability in the southern region of the California Current System. Ciencias Marinas, 40(2), 123-135. doi:10.7773/cm.v43i2.2752Barocio-Leon, O. (2007). Phytoplankton primary productivity in the euphotic zone of the California Current System estimated from CZCS imagery. Ciencias Marinas, 33(1), 59-72. doi:10.7773/cm.v33i1.1037INEGI 2015 (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía/National Institute of Statistic and Geography)http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/programas/intercensal/2015/default.html#TabuladosGutierrez-Mejia, E., Lares, M. L., Huerta-Diaz, M. A., & Delgadillo-Hinojosa, F. (2016). Cadmium and phosphate variability during algal blooms of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum in Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Science of The Total Environment, 541, 865-876. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.081Mateos, E., Marinone, S. G., & Parés-Sierra, A. (2009). Towards the numerical simulation of the summer circulation in Todos Santos Bay, Ensenada, B.C. Mexico. Ocean Modelling, 27(1-2), 107-112. doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.11.002SOMMER, U., & LENGFELLNER, K. (2008). 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Interannual Climate Variability in the West Antarctic Peninsula under Austral Summer Conditions

[EN] This study aimed to describe the interannual climate variability in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) under austral summer conditions. Time series of January sea-surface temperature (SST) at 1 km spatial resolution from satellite-based multi-sensor data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Terra, MODIS Aqua, and Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) were compiled between 2001 and 2020 at localities near the Gerlache Strait and the Carlini, Palmer, and Rothera research stations. The results revealed a well-marked spatial-temporal variability in SST at the WAP, with a one-year warm episode followed by a five-year cold episode. Warm waters (SST > 0 degrees C) reach the coast during warm episodes but remain far from the shore during cold episodes. This behavior of warm waters may be related to the regional variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, particularly when the South Polar Front (carrying warm waters) reaches the WAP coast. The WAP can be divided into two zones representing two distinct ecoregions: the northern zone (including the Carlini and Gerlache stations) corresponds to the South Shetland Islands ecoregion, and the southern zone (including the Palmer and Rothera stations) corresponds to the Antarctic Peninsula ecoregion. The Gerlache Strait is likely situated on the border between the two ecoregions but under a greater influence of the northern zone. Our data showed that the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the primary driver of SST variability, while the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) plays a secondary role. However, further studies are needed to better understand regional climate variability in the WAP and its relation with SAM and ENSO; such studies should use an index that adequately describes the ENSO in these latitudes and addresses the limitations of the databases used for this purpose. Multi-sensor data are useful in describing the complex climate variability resulting from the combination of local and regional processes that elicit different responses across the WAP. It is also essential to continue improving SST approximations at high latitudes.This work was supported by the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, AmeriGEOSS, and the CONACYT's project number CB-2012-01/179753.Santamaría-Del-Ángel, E.; Cañón-Páez, M.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.; González-Silvera, A.; Gutiérrez, A.; Aguilar-Maldonado, JA.; López-Calderón, J.... (2021). Interannual Climate Variability in the West Antarctic Peninsula under Austral Summer Conditions. Remote Sensing. 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1306112213

Ayotzinapa y la crisis del estado neoliberal mexicano

¿Qué pasó en Ayotzinapa? Es la pregunta que surgió el 26 de septiembre de 2014, que no encuentra una respuesta satisfactoria pese a la intervención de actores de distintas instancias, niveles y nacionalidades, y al esbozo de múltiples hipótesis sobre los enfrentamientos registrados en Iguala, Guerrero, que derivaron en la muerte de varias personas y la desaparición de 43 estudiantes de la Normal Rural “Isidro Burgos”, en una tragedia que evidenció la crisis que atraviesa el estado mexicano y que afecta a todo el país. A partir de lo acontecido en Ayotzinapa y con base en la teoría general de los campos de Pierre Bourdieu y su propuesta de análisis teórico metodológico sobre el estado, en esta obra se realiza un análisis de la práctica sistemática y generalizada de las desapariciones forzadas en México, con el fin de ofrecer otra manera de comprender el entretejido político–económico–social que hace posible este grave fenómeno, que desgarra tanto a familias como a la comunidad. La herida abierta por Ayotzinapa sangra y el objetivo último de este libro es contribuir a evitar que se cierre en tanto no se responda la interrogante de qué pasó ahí y que crímenes de lesa humanidad como este sigan aconteciendo en México.ITESO, A.C

Morfometría del cerdo de traspatio en áreas rurales de México

Data from 241 interviews collected in 2013 was analyzed to characterize populations of pigs (Mexican Hairless Pig  (MH), Cuino Pig (CU) and Crossbred Pig (UD)). Variables were body weight (BW), head length (HL), body length (BL), thoracic perimeter (CG), height at withers (HW), croup width (RW), number of nipples (TC), dense or sparse hair (HD), presence or absence of tusks (TU), short or long snout (ST), upright or floppy ears (ER), calm or restless temperament (TM), proportionality index (PI), body index (BI) and relative weight index (RWI). Analyses were carried out with GLM and GENMOD of SAS. Models included state and population. Population was significant (P<0.05) for BW, BL, CG, HW, RW, TU, TM, PI, BI and RWI. Coefficients of variation (VC) showed the minor and major values for BW (18.8 %) and CG (27.8 %). VC were 13.0, 14.6 and 45.8 % for PI, BI and RWI. Least squares means for MH, CU and UD were: 48.06±6.17a, 35.93±3.04b and 61.11±7.42a kg (BW); 77.81±3.65ab, 69.56±2.02ª and 88.52±4.93b  cm (BL); 80.55±3.98ab, 71.72±2.20a and 93.23±5.37b cm (CG); 56.88±2.45ab, 51.26±1.36a and 60.32±3.31b cm (HW); 57±4a, 71±19b and 62±34a % (HD); 68±31ab, 70±14a and 61±27b% (TU); 65±30a, 56±12b and 62±3a% (TM). The MH and UD populations were similar in morphometry and different from the CU population. The CU population showed lower weight, smaller size and calmer temperament. The characterization of these populations is important for designing strategies for their conservation and efficient use.Data from 241 interviews collected in 2013 was analyzed to characterize populations of pigs (Mexican Hairless Pig  (MH), Cuino Pig (CU) and Crossbred Pig (UD)). Variables were body weight (BW), head length (HL), body length (BL), thoracic perimeter (CG), height at withers (HW), croup width (RW), number of nipples (TC), dense or sparse hair (HD), presence or absence of tusks (TU), short or long snout (ST), upright or floppy ears (ER), calm or restless temperament (TM), proportionality index (PI), body index (BI) and relative weight index (RWI). Analyses were carried out with GLM and GENMOD of SAS. Models included state and population. Population was significant (P<0.05) for BW, BL, CG, HW, RW, TU, TM, PI, BI and RWI. Coefficients of variation (VC) showed the minor and major values for BW (18.8 %) and CG (27.8 %). VC were 13.0, 14.6 and 45.8 % for PI, BI and RWI. Least squares means for MH, CU and UD were: 48.06±6.17a, 35.93±3.04b and 61.11±7.42a kg (BW); 77.81±3.65ab, 69.56±2.02ª and 88.52±4.93b  cm (BL); 80.55±3.98ab, 71.72±2.20a and 93.23±5.37b cm (CG); 56.88±2.45ab, 51.26±1.36a and 60.32±3.31b cm (HW); 57±4a, 71±19b and 62±34a % (HD); 68±31ab, 70±14a and 61±27b% (TU); 65±30a, 56±12b and 62±3a% (TM). The MH and UD populations were similar in morphometry and different from the CU population. The CU population showed lower weight, smaller size and calmer temperament. The characterization of these populations is important for designing strategies for their conservation and efficient use.  Para caracterizar a las poblaciones del cerdo Pelón Mexicano (PPM), cerdo Cuino (PCU) y cerdos                   cruzados (PCI) se analizó información de 241 entrevistas realizadas durante 2013. Las variables analizadas fueron: peso corporal (Peco), longitud de cabeza (Loca), longitud del cuerpo (Locu), circunferencia del pecho (Circu), altura a la cruz         (Acruz), ancho de pelvis (Anpe), número de pezones (Nupe), pelo denso o escaso (Cape), presencia o ausencia de colmillos (Colm), hocico corto o largo (Hoc), orejas erguidas o no erguidas (Posio), temperamento tranquilo o inquieto (Tem),  índice de proporcionalidad (IP), índice corporal (IC) e índice de peso relativo (IPR). Los datos se analizaron con GLM y GENMOD del SAS. Los modelos estadísticos incluyeron Estado y Población. Población influyó (P<0.05) Peco, Locu, Circu, Acruz, Cape, Colm, Tem IP, IC e IPR. Los coeficientes de variación (CV) mostraron a Peco y Anpe como las características con menor y mayor variación (18.8 y 27.8 %). Para IP, IC e IPR los CV fueron 13.0, 14.6 y 45.8 %.Las medias de cuadrados mínimos para PPM, PCU y PCI fueron 48.06±6.17a, 35.93±3.04b y 61.11±7.42a kg (Peco); 77.81±3.65ab, 69.56±2.02a y 88.52±4.93b cm (Locu); 80.55±3.98ab, 71.72±2.20a y 93.23±5.37b cm (Circu); 56.88±2.45ab, 51.26±1.36a y 60.32±3.31b cm (Acruz); 57±4a, 71±19b y 62±34a% (Cape); 68±31ab, 70±14a y 61±27b% (Colm); 65±30a, 56±12b y 62±3a% (Tem). PPM y PCI fueron similares en morfometría pero diferentes de PCU. La población PCU mostró menor peso, menor talla y temperamento más inquieto. Caracterizar a estas poblaciones es importante para diseñar estrategias para su conservación y uso eficiente

Análisis de variables morfológicas de pavos de traspatio mexicanos (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo)

El objetivo fue evaluar algunas características morfológicas de pavos de traspatio (n=248) provenientes de 126 unidades rurales de producción localizadas en 75 municipios de 24 estados de la República Mexicana. El modelo estadístico incluyó sexo, estado y municipio anidado en estado. Las tres variables explicativas afectaron a todas las variables de respuesta (P0.05). Los machos tuvieron mayor (P0.05). El peso corporal aumentó 143 g (P<0.01) en machos y 113 g en hembras (P<0.01) por cada centímetro que aumentó la circunferencia de la pechuga. Los colores predominantes en el plumaje, la piel y el tarso fueron negro, blanco y café, respectivamente. El pavo de traspatio mexicano presentó dimorfismo sexual significativo y alta correlación fenotípica entre circunferencia de la pechuga y peso corporal