Nuevos registros de Acetabularia schenckii y Acetabularia farlowii (Chlorophyta) para la costa del Pacífico de México

The occurrence of Acetabularia schenckii Möbius (Polyphysaceae, Chlorophyta) is reported for the first time in the Mexican Pacific coast, out of its common distribution range along the Atlantic coast (Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico). Likewise, new distribution localities are reported for Acetabularia farlowii Solms-Laubach in the Mexican Pacific coast. Specimens were sampled from the intertidal zone to the 2 m depth in coastal lagoons from Sinaloa State, Mexico, during 2004 and 2005. A revision of specimens deposited in herbaria was carried out to determinate the geographic distribution of both species in the Mexican Pacific coast. The scarce records of Acetabularia could be related with inaccurate identifications, the small sizes of these species and to the lack of floristic studies in the study area.Se reporta la presencia de Acetabularia schenckii Möbius (Polyphysaceae, Chlorophyta) para la costa Pacífico de México, siendo éste es el primer registro fuera de su área de distribución en la costa del Atlántico (Caribe y Golfo de México). Así mismo, se reportan nuevas localidades de distribución para Acetabularia farlowii Solms-Laubach en la costa Pacífico de México. Los ejemplares fueron recolectados desde la zona intermareal hasta los 2 m de profundidad en las Lagunas costeras de Sinaloa, México, durante 2004 y 2005. Se realizó una revisión de ejemplares depositados en herbarios para obtener la distribución geográfica de ambas especies en la costa Pacífico de México. Los escasos registros de Acetabularia, puede ser debido a las identificaciones inadecuadas, a las tallas pequeñas de éstas especies y a la escasez de estudios florísticos en el área de estudio

Diversity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a Sub-Montane and Sub-Tropical Cityscape of Northeastern Mexico

ABSTRACT - The role of urban ecosystems in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services is highly variable because of the heterogeneity of habitats in human-use landscapes. We analyzed ant diversity in a sub-montane and sub-tropical urban area of northeastern Mexico to determine the conservation value of this cityscape. Ants were collected in 16 across the cityscape, including spaces at the periphery and urban center, during the rainy season (August to October) of 2015. To capture ants, eight trap traps were installed along a 100-m transect, and hand collections were performed. In total, 7,415 ant workers belonging to 32 species, 23 genera, 11 tribes, and 5 sub-families were collected. The richness and structure of the assemblages varied among the sampling sites. The compositional similarity also varied significantly among sampling sites, and unique species were found in four sites. Each site showed an important and particular ant assemblage that differed from that of the other sites and the surrounding habitats in the cityscape. The results suggest that some sampling sites in the studied cityscape may contribute to the conservation of certain ant groups and invertebrate communities threatened by urban intensification. Ultimately, our findings support the importance of conserved areas and green spaces for the conservation of native species in and near urban areas

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Notas ficológicas. I. Primer registro de Cutleria cylindrica Okamura (Cutleriaceae, Phaeophyta) para las costas del Pacífico mexicano

Cutleria cylindrica Okamura, a marine brown macroalga formerly known only from Japan and California (U.S.A.), is reported from the northwestern coast of Baja California, México. Both species of the genus known from the North American Pacific coast are thus present in Mexico. Ecological and morphological observations are included.Cutleria cylindrica Okamura, una macroalga parda marina, anteriormente conocida solamente para las costas de Japón y de California, E.U.A., se registra para el noroeste de Baja California, México. Con tal adición, las dos especies del género conocidas para el Pacífico de Norteamérica, se encuentran también en costas mexicanas. Se incluyen algunas observaciones ecológicas y morfológicas

Descripción de talos espermatangiales y combinación de fases en Polysiphonia confusa (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophycota)

Se describen por primera vez los talos espermatangiales, estadio que permite comparar y asociar a Polysiphonia confusa Hollenberg (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophycota) con otras especies del género Polysiphonia. También se registra la presencia simultanea de las fases tetrasporangial y carposporangial en P. confusa. Se estudió el hábito, la morfología vegetativa y reproductora de P. confusa recolectada en la zona intermareal rocosa de Playa Saldamando, Baja California, México. El tamaño pequeño de esta especie puede justifi car el número reducido de citas de este taxon para la costa del Pacífi co de México

Macroalgas marinas de la Bahía de San Quintín, Baja California, México

ABSTRACT In order to know the composition and distribution of macroalgae species in the lagoon complex of San Quintin Bay, Baja California, nine sampled were realized in three sites during 1988, 1989, 1990, 1995 and 1996; also a bibliographyc revision on the marine benthic algae cited from the study area. A total of 37 genera with 46 species of marine macroalgae were determined, of which 22 are Rhodophyta, (47.82 %), 12 Phaeophyta (26.08 %) and 12 Chlorophyta (26.08 %). The floristic list includes data on the presence and distribution of species found, reproductive stage, substrate and epiphytism. The families with best representation with regard to richness and occurrence are: Corallinaceae, Ceramiaceae, Rhodomelaceae (Rhodophyta); Ectocarpaceae, Scytosiphonaceae (Phaeophyta) and Ulvaceae (Chlorophyta). 18 (39.13 %) represent new records from the study area. Ulva expansa Linnaeus is reported for the first time for the occidental coast of Baja California. The floristc list and the bibliographyc information were actualized; the dates show that the number od species of marine algae from San Quintin Bay is composed for 59 species.RESUMEN Con la finalidad de determinar la distribución y composición de las especies de macroalgas presentes en el complejo lagunar de la bahía de San Quintín, Baja California, se realizaron nueve muestreos en tres sitios, durante 1988, 1989, 1990, 1995 y 1996; así como una revisión bibliográfica de algas marinas citadas para el área de estudio. Los resultados obtenidos del material recolectado indican la presencia de 37 géneros con 46 especies, de las cuales 22 son Rhodophyta (47.82 %), 12 Phaeophyta (26.08 %) y 12 Chlorophyta (26.08 %). En la lista florística se incluyen datos sobre la presencia y distribución de las especies en el área de estudio, su estado reproductivo, sustrato y epifitismo. En términos de diversidad de especies, las familias mejor representadas corresponden a Corallinaceae, Ceramiaceae, Rhodomelaceae (Rhodophyta), Ectocarpaceae, Scytosiphonaceae (Phaeophyta) y Ulvaceae (Chlorophyta). Del total de algas identificadas, 18 (39.13 %) representan nuevos registros para el área de estudio. Se cita por primera vez a Ulva expanda Linnaeus para la costa occidental de Baja California. Al depurar y actualizar la información bibliográfica desde el punto de vista florístico y nomenclatural, se encontró que la flora marina conocida hasta hoy para la bahía de San Quintín es de 59 especies

Nuevos registros de Stylonema Alsidii (Zanardini) Drew y S. Cornu-Cervi reinsch (Porphyridiales, Rhodophyta) para la Costa del Pacífico mexicano

ABSTRACT Stylonema cornu-cervi Reinsch (Porphyridiales, Rhodophyta) is reported for first time from the Mexican Pacific coast. Likewise, new localities are reported for Stylonema alsidii (Zanardini) Drew along the west coast of Baja California. Specimens were collected from the subtidal zone of Campo Kennedy, Rancho Packard and Pesquera Zapata in Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, during 1995-2001. The morphology, reproductive stage, habitat and geographic distribution in the study area are described for each species. The scarcity of records for Stylonema is probably related to the small size of these species and the lack of floristic studies of the subtidal zone in the study area.RESUMEN Se registra la presencia de Stylonema cornu-cervi Reinsch (Porphyridiales, Rhodophyta) por primera vez para la costa del Pacífico de México. Así mismo, se reportan nuevas localidades de distribución para Stylonema alsidii (Zanardini) Drew en la costa occidental de Baja California. Los especímenes fueron colectados en la zona submareal de Campo Kennedy, Rancho Packard y Pesquera Zapata en la Bahía de Todos Santos, Baja California, México, durante 1995-2001. Se describen las especies con datos relativos a su morfología, estadio reproductivo, hábitat y distribución geográfica en el área de estudio. Los escasos registros de Stylonema, podrían deberse a las tallas pequeñas de estas especies y a la escasez de estudios florísticos en la zona submareal del área de estudio

Dos nuevos registros del género Vaucheria A.P. de Candolle (Vaucheriaceae, Xanthophyceae) para la Costa del Pacífico de México

Two new records of the genus Vaucheria are reported for the Pacific Coast of Mexico from Baja California and Guerrero. Vaucheria longicaulis Hoppaugh and V. velutina C. Agardh (Vaucheriaceae, Xanthophyceae) were collected in September 1995 and May 2000. Data concerning the morphology, reproductive stage, habitat and distribution as well as drawings are presented.Se registra por primera vez a Vaucheria longicaulis Hoppaugh y Vaucheria velutina C. Agardh (Vaucheriaceae, Xanthophyceae) para la costa del Pacífico de México, con base en el material recolectado en la costa occidental de Baja California y Guerrero, durante septiembre 1995 y mayo del 2000. Se describen en forma detallada los talos, así como su hábitat y distribución en el Pacífico Mexicano