Ectomicorrizas presentes en la plantación trufera “Los Quejigares” (Soria)

En este trabajo se describen las ectomicorrizas presentes en 16 plantas de Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. de 22 años, de la finca de 600 ha que gestiona AROTZ-CATESA en el término municipal de Villaciervos (Soria). Además se presentan los porcentajes de micorrización de las ectomicorrizas más interesantes. Este estudio se incluye dentro del proyecto LIFE 99 ENV/E/000356 “Revalorización de bosques productores de trufa: un ejemplo de gestión sostenible”. SUMMARY: This study describes the ectomycorrhiza occurring in 16 twenty-two years old seedlings of Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp., in the plot of 600 ha that AROTZ-CATESA manages in of Villaciervos (Soria). Mycorrhization percentages of the most interesting ectomycorrhiza are also reported. This study is included in the project LIFE 99 ENV/E/000356 "Truffled Mediterranean forest improvement: an example of sustanaible management”

Pregnancy and Giving Birth during a Pandemic: Violation of Rights and Subjective Marks in Obstetric/Perinatal Care in the Context of Covid-19 in Argentina

OBJETIVO. Durante la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19 la atención en torno a embarazos y partos se vio directamente afectada. Este estudio exploratorio indaga sobre las percepciones, emociones y vivencias de las personas gestantes en relación con la atención obstétrica en instituciones de salud de Argentina en los primeros meses del aislamiento social en este país. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado dirigido a personas gestantes y/o que hubieran parido desde el comienzo de la cuarentena. Para este artículo, nos basamos en el apartado cualitativo del mismo a partir del análisis de tres preguntas abiertas que apuntaban a registrar los efectos subjetivos de atravesar la gestación y/o parto durante la emergencia sanitaria. El enfoque teórico retoma los desarrollos en materia de derechos perinatales desde una perspectiva de género y estudios sociales sobre violencia obstétrica. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES. Se advierte la insistencia de emociones negativas y malestar por parte de la población encuestada, entendidos como «marcas subjetivas». Asimismo, se pone en relieve el estado de desinformación sobre protocolos de atención como factor clave para dicho malestar y el recrudecimiento en la vulneración de derechos perinatales (contemplados en marcos legislativos vigentes) como parte de los derechos sexuales y (no) reproductivos para todas las personas gestantes y con capacidad de gestar.GOAL. This study explores the perceptions, emotions and experiences of pregnant women in relation to obstetric care in health institutions in Argentina in the first months of social isolation in this country. METHODOLOGY. The data were collected by means of a semi-structured questionnaire directed to pregnant people and those who had given birth since the beginning of the quarantine. For this article, we focused on the qualitative section of the survey analyzing three open questions that aimed to register the subjective effects of going through pregnancy and delivery during the health emergency. Our theoretical approach takes up the developments in perinatal rights from a gender perspective and social studies on obstetric violence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS. The results show the high frequency of stressful emotions and discomfort from the surveyed population, analyzed in terms of effects on the subjectivity. Likewise, it is very noticeable the state of misinformation about perinatal care protocols, as well as the worsening in the violation of perinatal rights (contemplated in current normative frameworks) as part of sexual and (non) reproductive rights for all pregnant people and with ability to gestate.Fil: Lazzaro, Ana Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Arnao Bergero, Magdalena Agueda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentin

Quercirhiza quadratum: a revision of the characters and identity of the ad type ectomycorrhiza

The well-known AD type, described first by Giraud in 1988, is considered as a competitor in black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vittad.) plantations. It has been mainly observed in T. melanosporum and T. magnatum Pico plantations in France and Italy. This ectomycorrhiza has always been observed on roots of oak (Quercus ilex L. and Q. faginea Lam.) and hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) plantations with “burnt” areas around the trees, even in those that do not produce black truffle sporocarps, so it can create false expectations in young plantations. The AD type has also been described in nurseries, as a competitive ectomycorrhiza on seedlings inoculated with black truffle. In Spain, AD type has been detected in black truffle plantations and natural holm oak stands in Navarra, Soria, Huesca, Zaragoza, Teruel, Castellón and Valencia. In 2005, De Román & De Miguel, suggested that AD type could be a telephoroid type due to its anatomical and morphological characters. In 2006, Baciarelli-Falini et al. using molecular techniques identified this type as an Ascomycotina belonging to Pezizales. The detailed anatomical, morphological and molecular study of the AD type led to a description as Quercirhiza quadratum (Águeda et al. 2008). Based on the anatomical and morphological characters, the AD type belongs to the Ascomycotina. The presence of Woronin bodies on hyphal septa, and the sometimes slightly dissolved septa, are two typical characters of this group. The DNA sequences obtained from the AD types studied showed close similarities with members of Pyronemataceae and Sarcosomataceae (Pezizales). Both taxonomic groups correspond to the same AD type as found by Baciarelli Falini et al., (2006). One of the studied sequences showed a close identity (100% maximum identity, 84% coverage) with Trichophaea woolhopeia (Cooke & W. Phillips) Arnould, although records of this fungal species are scarce in the Iberian Peninsula

Characterization and identification of field ectomycorrhizae of Boletus edulis and Cistus ladanifer

Field ectomycorrhizae sampled under Boletus edulis and Cistus ladanifer have been characterized and described in detail based on standard morphological and anatomical characters. The described ectomycorrhiza has traits typical of Boletales: whitish with three differentiated plectenchymatous layers in the mantle in plan view forming ring-like structures and rhizomorphs with highly differentiated hyphae. The inflated, smooth cystidia-like clavate end cells on the surface of the rhizomorphs and their slightly twisted external hyphae are additional characterizing features. The Hartig net occupies 1 1/2 rows of cortical cells, partly reaching the endodermis. Not all hyphae have clamps. The identification of the fungal symbiont as B. edulis was confirmed by ITS rDNA sequence comparison between mycorrhizas and sporocarps. The singularity of this symbiotic association, as well as its ecological and practical implications, are discussed

Caracterización de ectomicorrizas en encinares productores de trufa negra del noreste de Soria

Black truffle sporocarp production is determined, amongst many other factors, by an optimum mycorrhization degree in the roots of the host-tree. This process is triggered in balance with other fungal species that does not inhibit its sporocarp production. So, there is an ectomycorrhizal fungal community associated with the black truffle sporocarp productive host-trees that runs as any other living beings community, producing a certain fungal biodiversity and establishing connections in dynamic balance that will evolve. The absence of black truffle sporocarps production in some host-trees will be determined by its ectomycorrhiza absence, or because between the fungal community there are one or more species that inhibit this process or displace it. With the aim of study those topics, the ectomycorrhizae present in 23 adult holmoak trees (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) of seven Tuber melanosporum Vittad. productive areas in the North-West of Soria (inner Spain) are characterized and quantified. During the spring and the autumn of 1999 and 2000, black truffle productive and non-productive holmoaks were studied following the global method (Verlhac et al., 1990, La truffe guide pratique). Ectomycorrhizal types were characterized following the guidelines of Agerer (1999). Tuber melanosporum, T. aestivum Vittad., T. brumale Vittad., Cenococcum geophylum Fr., Pisolithus arrhizus (Scop.) Rauscher, Cantharellus tubaeformis (Bull.) Fr., Hebeloma cf. sinapizans (Fr.) Sacc., Tomentella galzinii Bourdot, AD type, Cortinarius sp., Hebeloma sp. and Scleroderma sp. and many others Telephorales, Tuberales and Boletales ectomycorrhizal types were found. Tuber melanosporum mycorrhizae are present both in productive and non-productive hosttrees, as it happens for T. aestivum, while T. brumale ectomycorrhizae are only present in nonproductive holmoaks. The rest of identified ectomycorrhizal types are present in productive and non-productive host-trees

Ectomycorrhizal status of a mature productive black truffle plantation

The truffle-plantation «Los Quejigares» was planted in 1971 by AROTZ-CATESA company. It is a 600 ha plot of Quercus ilexmycorrhizated with Tuber melanosporum at 1,250 m a.s.l. on calcareous soil. This plantation is the largest of the world and one of the eldest truffle-plantations of Spain and it is in full production. Knowledge of the mycorrhizal status of a mature black truffle plantation is significant for the improvement of truffle cultivation. Ectomycorrhizae were studied for knowing T. melanosporum persistence and diversity and abundance of other ectomycorrhizal types. Roots of 16 holmoaks were sampled, 12 trees produce truffle sporocarps and four did not. It was found a mean of about 35% of T. melanosporum ectomycorrhizae in the studied trees, being this significantly higher in the productive trees. Also, 105 more different ectomycorrhizal types were found. In spite of the high number of morphotypes found, it seems that they do not replace T. melanosporum, showing that there is a coexistence between species in the fungal community associated to the roots

Polyoxazoline-Based Nanovaccine Synergizes with Tumor-Associated Macrophage Targeting and Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy against Solid Tumors

Nanovaccines; Tumor immune microenvironment; Tumor-associated macrophagesNanovacunes; Microambient immune tumoral; Macròfags associats al tumorNanovacunas; Microambiente inmune tumoral; Macrófagos asociados al tumorImmune checkpoint blockade reaches remarkable clinical responses. However, even in the most favorable cases, half of these patients do not benefit from these therapies in the long term. It is hypothesized that the activation of host immunity by co-delivering peptide antigens, adjuvants, and regulators of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression using a polyoxazoline (POx)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanovaccine, while modulating the tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) function within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and blocking the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) can constitute an alternative approach for cancer immunotherapy. POx-Mannose (Man) nanovaccines generate antigen-specific T-cell responses that control tumor growth to a higher extent than poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-Man nanovaccines. This anti-tumor effect induced by the POx-Man nanovaccines is mediated by a CD8+-T cell-dependent mechanism, in contrast to the PEG-Man nanovaccines. POx-Man nanovaccine combines with pexidartinib, a modulator of the TAM function, restricts the MC38 tumor growth, and synergizes with PD-1 blockade, controlling MC38 and CT26 tumor growth and survival. This data is further validated in the highly aggressive and poorly immunogenic B16F10 melanoma mouse model. Therefore, the synergistic anti-tumor effect induced by the combination of nanovaccines with the inhibition of both TAM- and PD-1-inducing immunosuppression, holds great potential for improving immunotherapy outcomes in solid cancer patients.Funding: R.S.-F. and H.F.F. thank the following funding agencies for their generous support: The project that gave rise to these results has received funding from the “la Caixa” Foundation under the grant agreements LCF/PR/HR22/52420016, LCF/PR/HR19/52160021, and LCF/TR/CD20/52700005 (R.S.-F. and H.F.F). H.F.F thanks the generous financial support from The Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia-Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (FCT-MCTES) (EXPL/MED-QUI/1316/2021, PTDC/BTM-SAL/4350/2021, UTAP-EXPL/NPN/0041/2021, UIDB/04138/2020, UIDP/04138/2020). R.S.-F. thanks to the European Research Council (ERC) PoC Grant Agreement no. 101113390 and ERC Advanced Grant Agreement no. 835227, the Israel Science Foundation (1969/18), the Melanoma Research Alliance (Established Investigator Award no. 615808 to R.S.-F.), the Israel Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) Professorship award (no. PROF-18-682), the Morris Kahn Foundation. B.C. is supported by the FCT-MCTES (Ph.D. Fellowship SFRH/BD/131969/2017). The authors also acknowledge the NIH Tetramer Core Facility for the provision of Adpgk tetramers, in addition to the Comparative Pathology Unit of IMM and the Histopathology Facility of IGC for supporting the histopathological study

Participation of clinical nurses in the practical education of undergraduate nursing students

Objective: Evaluate the level of participation of clinical nurses from Castellón where Universitat Jaume I nursing students do their clinical clerkship. Identify the variables that may influence clinical nurses’ participation in students’ clinical mentorship. Method: This observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted by applying the validated IMSOC (Involvement, motivation, satisfaction, obstacles and commitment) questionnaire. These variables were collected: age, work environment and previous training. The study was conducted between January and December 2014. Results: The sample included 117 nurses. The overall mean questionnaire score was 122.838 (standard deviation ±18.692; interquartile range 95%=119.415-126.26). The variable Previous training for mentorship students was statistically significant in the overall score and for all dimensions (p<0.05). Primary care nurses obtained better scores in the dimension Implication than professionals working at other care levels. Conclusion: The level of participation of the clinical nurses from Castellón is adequate. The previous training that professionals received for mentoring students improves both their level of participation and primary care level. Extending this research to other national and international environments is recommended.Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de participación de las enfermeras clínicas del entorno sanitario de la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón donde realizan las prácticas los estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería. Identificar variables que pueden influir en el nivel de participación de las enfermeras clínicas en la tutela clínica de los estudiantes. Método: Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo realizado mediante la aplicación del cuestionario validado IMSOC (Implicación, Motivación, Satisfacción, Obstáculos y Compromiso). Se recogieron las variables edad, ámbito de trabajo y formación previa para tutorizar estudiantes. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre enero y diciembre de 2014. Resultados: La muestra fue de 117 enfermeras. La puntuación media global del cuestionario fue 122,84 (desviación típica=18,69; intervalo de confianza=95%=119,4-126,26) puntos. Obtuvieron significación estadística en la puntuación global las variables ámbito de trabajo y recibir formación previa para tutelar estudiantes (p<0,05). También se observó que las enfermeras de atención primaria obtuvieron mejores puntuaciones en la dimensión Implicación que los profesionales de otros niveles asistenciales. Conclusiones: El nivel de participación de las enfermeras clínicas de la provincia de Castellón es adecuado. La formación previa que reciben los profesionales para la tutorización de estudiantes, así como pertenecer al ámbito de la atención primaria, mejora su nivel de participación. Se recomienda ampliar la investigación a otros entornos tanto a nivel nacional como internacional

ESTRATEGIA PARA DISMINUIR LAS INCIDENCIAS DEL RIESGO EN EMBARAZADAS ADOLESCENTES ATENDIDAS EN EL HOSPITAL MARTÍN ICAZA (Original)

The research that basically supported the writing of this thesis final report was developed in the provincial hospital Martín Icaza, Babahoyo, province of Los Ríos, Ecuador. Among the main results obtained are the most common types of births, age groups where pregnant women were mainly pregnant in the medical institution that served as the basis for the development of the research, main risk factors that appear in the pregnant women studied, Associated pathologies and maternal complications in the chosen sample, as well as a methodological strategy to reduce the incidence of obstetric, perinatal and social risk in pregnant adolescents. Arriving to the conclusion that the great difference between pregnancy in adolescence and in adulthood in the population under study, was given essentially in the social component, to truncate or at least minimize the main activities of the adolescents under study.La investigación que básicamente sustentó la escritura de este informe final de tesis, se desarrolló en el hospital provincial Martín Icaza, Babahoyo, provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos se encuentra los tipos de partos más comunes, grupos de edades donde principalmente se embarazaron las mujeres atendidas en la institución médica que sirvió de base al desarrollo de la investigación, principales factores de riesgo que se manifiestan en las embarazadas estudiadas, patologías asociadas y las complicaciones maternas en la muestra escogida, así como una estrategia metodológica&nbsp; parala disminución de las incidencias del riesgo obstétrico, perinatal y social en embarazadas adolescentes. Arribándose a la conclusión que la gran diferencia entre el embarazo en la adolescencia y en la adultez en la población objeto de estudios, estuvo dada esencialmente en el componente social, al troncharse o al menos minimizarse las principales actividades de las adolescentes objeto de estudios

Seguridad quirurgica y cumplimentación del registro de información intraquirúrgica en España: un análisis comparativo de dos instrumentos de registro.

The objective of this study is to describe and compare the percentages of non-filling-in two recording instruments: Current sheet and surgical checklist in the same surgical setting for a sample of patients with similar characteristics. Methods: Descriptive study carried out with the intraoperative records of 3024 patients from Orthopedic Surgery and 1732 patients who were operated in 2009 with current sheet model completed at the end of the surgery and 1292 patients in 2010 with surgical checklist as recording model, completed during the intervention in three stages. Descriptive characteristics (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) were calculated from the overall percentage of non-completion in both records, as well as the non-filling-in percentage (and confidence interval at 95%) of each item of the records studied. Results: A higher overall – and also individual, in general- percentage of filling-in is observed in the current sheet than in the surgical checklist. Conclusions: In general terms, the intraoperative recording with the highest percentage of being filled- in has been the circulating sheet and it has been observed the necessity to implement strategies to improve the level of filling-in due to its relationship with surgical clinical safety