A rare case of Cystic artery arising from Gastroduodenal artery

An uncommon anatomical variation in the origin and course of cystic artery was found during human cadaveric dissection in our laboratory. A blood vessel was seen arising from the gastroduodenal artery about 1 cm distal to its origin from the common hepatic artery. The vessel when traced towards its termination was found to be cystic artery and was supplying the peritoneal surface of the gall bladder. The visceral surface of the gall bladder was receiving its blood supply by fine twigs from the right hepatic artery. The tortuous cystic artery arose outside hepatobiliary triangle, crossed the common bile duct anteriorly and was lying anterior to the cystic duct hiding it from view. On reaching the neck of gall bladder, it again travelled for short distance before its termination. The non-peritonealised surface of the gall bladder was receiving its blood supply by fine twigs from the right hepatic artery in the gall bladder fossa. The knowledge of this rare variant will aid surgeons to avoid accidental haemorrhage during surgery in and around the hepatobiliary triangle.Keywords: Cystic artery, Gastroduodenal arter

Branching patterns of left coronary artery among North Indians

The left coronary artery displays variations in pattern, number and distribution of its branches. These variations influence the manifestation and extent of the coronary artery disease affecting the left main branch. A total of 100 North Indian cadaveric hearts were dissected to observe the main trunk of the left coronary artery. The main trunk of left coronary artery bifurcated, trifurcated and quadrificated in 66%, 30% and 4% of cases respectively. The high degree of variability of left coronary artery and its branching patterns have anatomical, pathophysiological diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Adequate knowledge of these variations with regard to source, and incidence is important for the interpretation of coronary angiography, stenting procedures and surgical myocardial revascularization.Keywords: Left coronary artery, variability, branching patterns

Patterns of tributaries of major hepatic veins by dissection and radiology

Intrahepatic venous patterns are important in planning and conducting liver resections and surgical transplantation procedures. We studied the intrahepatic venous patterns in 60 cadaveric liver specimens, using dissection and radiology. The middle hepatic vein was formed by two or less tributaries in most (80%) livers. The right and middle hepatic vein fused to form a common trunk in four livers while most of the left hepatic veins were formed by < 3 tributaries. Knowledge of these anatomical variations of vascular patterns serves as a road map before surgery.Key words- Hepatic veins, tributaries

Simple model of adsorption on external surface of carbon nanotubes: a new analytical approach basing on molecular simulation data

Nitrogen adsorption on carbon nanotubes is wide- ly studied because nitrogen adsorption isotherm measurement is a standard method applied for porosity characterization. A further reason is that carbon nanotubes are potential adsorbents for separation of nitrogen from oxygen in air. The study presented here describes the results of GCMC simulations of nitrogen (three site model) adsorption on single and multi walled closed nanotubes. The results obtained are described by a new adsorption isotherm model proposed in this study. The model can be treated as the tube analogue of the GAB isotherm taking into account the lateral adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. We show that the model describes the simulated data satisfactorily. Next this new approach is applied for a description of experimental data measured on different commercially available (and characterized using HRTEM) carbon nanotubes. We show that generally a quite good fit is observed and therefore it is suggested that the observed mechanism of adsorption in the studied materials is mainly determined by adsorption on tubes separated at large distances, so the tubes behave almost independently

Original Research Article Effect of Radiotherapy on Flexural Strength of Luting Cementsan In Vitro Study

Aim - The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the flexural strength of luting cements due to radiotherapy. Methodology- Total of 90 rectangular specimens of 25×2×2 mm dimension were fabricated by utilizing the putty consistency polyvinyl siloxane rubber mould. They were grouped based on their type. Group A included 30 specimens made of zinc phosphate cement, Group B included 30 specimens fabricated using glass ionomer luting cement, and Group C consisted of 30 specimen’s fabricated using resin luting cement. Once the specimens were set, they were stored in distilled water between the experiments. After 24 hours, 15 from each group of the mentioned cements were subjected to irradiation fractionally upto 60 Gy by a Cobalt-60 external beam machine. Remaining specimens from each group were used as controls. After radiotherapy, the specimens were stored in distil water for 24 hours until performing the 3 point bend test. All the specimens were subjected to 3 point bend test on universal testing machine for checking flexural strength. Statistics- Kruskal Wallis Test followed by Mann Whitney test as post hoc analysis was used to compare the mean values of different parameters between three groups of Irradiated and controlled samples. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results- After exposure to fractional irradiation for 4 weeks, in the zinc phosphate luting cement (Group-A) and glass ionomer luting cement (Group-B), showed a slight decrease in flexural strength. The resin luting cement (Group-C) showed slight increase in flexural strength. Conclusion- Among all the groups, the resin luting cement showed a slight increase in flexural strength when compared to the other luting cement groups after fractional irradiatio

"You Tube and I Find" - personalizing multimedia content access

Recent growth in broadband access and proliferation of small personal devices that capture images and videos has led to explosive growth of multimedia content available everywhereVfrom personal disks to the Web. While digital media capture and upload has become nearly universal with newer device technology, there is still a need for better tools and technologies to search large collections of multimedia data and to find and deliver the right content to a user according to her current needs and preferences. A renewed focus on the subjective dimension in the multimedia lifecycle, fromcreation, distribution, to delivery and consumption, is required to address this need beyond what is feasible today. Integration of the subjective aspects of the media itselfVits affective, perceptual, and physiological potential (both intended and achieved), together with those of the users themselves will allow for personalizing the content access, beyond today’s facility. This integration, transforming the traditional multimedia information retrieval (MIR) indexes to more effectively answer specific user needs, will allow a richer degree of personalization predicated on user intention and mode of interaction, relationship to the producer, content of the media, and their history and lifestyle. In this paper, we identify the challenges in achieving this integration, current approaches to interpreting content creation processes, to user modelling and profiling, and to personalized content selection, and we detail future directions. The structure of the paper is as follows: In Section I, we introduce the problem and present some definitions. In Section II, we present a review of the aspects of personalized content and current approaches for the same. Section III discusses the problem of obtaining metadata that is required for personalized media creation and present eMediate as a case study of an integrated media capture environment. Section IV presents the MAGIC system as a case study of capturing effective descriptive data and putting users first in distributed learning delivery. The aspects of modelling the user are presented as a case study in using user’s personality as a way to personalize summaries in Section V. Finally, Section VI concludes the paper with a discussion on the emerging challenges and the open problems

Periodontal Status amongst Substance Abusers in Indian Population

Background. In India there have been limited number of studies on periodontal status among drug addicts, and thus this study aims to assess the Oral hygiene and periodontal status in substance abusers and compare it with non-substance abusers. Methods. A comparative study was conducted to assess the periodontal status in substance abusers. Non-substance abusers were procured from the general population of Bangalore. From the control group 250 non-substance abusers were age and sex matched with the study population of substance abusers. The oral hygiene and periodontal condition of all subjects was assessed using Oral hygiene index- simplified (OHI-S), Russell's periodontal indices and Gingival bleeding index. Results. The mean of OHI-S and Periodontal Index (Russell's Index) scores were higher (2.70 and 3.68, resp.) in substance abusers than the control group (2.45 and 2.59, resp.). The mean Gingival bleeding score was lower (9.69) in substance abusers than the control group (22.7) and found to be statistically significant. A positive correlation found between OHI-S and Russell's periodontal index whereas negative correlation was found between OHI-S and Gingival bleeding in substance abusers. Conclusions. Though the oral hygiene was fair, more periodontal destruction and less of gingival bleeding were observed in substance abusers as compared to control group

Conductance oscillations of a spin-orbit stripe with polarized contacts

We investigate the linear conductance of a stripe of spin-orbit interaction in a 2D electron gas; that is, a 2D region of length $\ell$ along the transport direction and infinite in the transverse one in which a spin-orbit interaction of Rashba type is present. Polarization in the contacts is described by means of Zeeman fields. Our model predicts two types of conductance oscillations: Ramsauer oscillations in the minority spin transmission, when both spins can propagate, and Fano oscillations when only one spin propagates. The latter are due to the spin-orbit coupling with quasibound states of the non propagating spin. In the case of polarized contacts in antiparallel configuration Fano-like oscillations of the conductance are still made possible by the spin orbit coupling, even though no spin component is bound by the contacts. To describe these behaviors we propose a simplified model based on an ansatz wave function. In general, we find that the contribution for vanishing transverse momentum dominates and defines the conductance oscillations. Regarding the oscillations with Rashba coupling intensity, our model confirms the spin transistor behavior, but only for high degrees of polarization. Including a position dependent effective mass yields additional oscillations due to the mass jumps at the interfaces.Comment: 8.5 pages, 9 figure

Evidences for a quasi 60-year North Atlantic Oscillation since 1700 and its meaning for global climate change

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) obtained using instrumental and documentary proxy predictors from Eurasia is found to be characterized by a quasi 60-year dominant oscillation since 1650. This pattern emerges clearly once the NAO record is time integrated to stress its comparison with the temperature record. The integrated NAO (INAO) is found to well correlate with the length of the day (since 1650) and the global surface sea temperature record HadSST2 and HadSST3 (since 1850). These findings suggest that INAO can be used as a good proxy for global climate change, and that a 60-year cycle exists in the global climate since at least 1700. Finally, the INAO ~60-year oscillation well correlates with the ~60- year oscillations found in the historical European aurora record since 1700, which suggests that this 60-year dominant climatic cycle has a solar-astronomical origin

Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery II: Surgical Technique and Postoperative Management.

Techniques for minimally invasive mitral valve repair and replacement continue to evolve. This expert opinion, the second of a 3-part series, outlines current best practices for nonrobotic, minimally invasive mitral valve procedures, and for postoperative care after minimally invasive mitral valve surgery