Psychometric properties of the Persian version of co-rumination questionnaire

Background: Although growing studies support features of co-rumination as a vulnerability factor in internalizing symptoms and positive factor in friendship, little attention has been paid to the psychometric properties of the Co-Rumination Questionnaire (CRQ). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of this questionnaire. Methods: This research is a descriptive-exploratory study and 550 high school students who were selected by random cluster sampling from schools in Tehran. They completed CRQ, Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), and ruminative response scale (RRS) from winter 2014 to summer 2015. Construct validity, internal consistency reliability, and factor structure were investigated. Results: The factor analysis identified two interpretable factors with the eigenvalue higher than 2. The results from concurrent validity measurement in the current study showed that co-rumination has a positive correlation with depression signs (P < 0.01) and rumination response style (P < 0.01). The CRQ validity was determined using the half-split method employing Spearman-Brown (0.82) and Guttman correlation test (0.81) and internal consistency (0.90). According to these values, this questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency reliability. Conclusions: The Persian version of CRQ has reliability and validity for assessing co-rumination among adolescent participants. This study provides primary evidence on the applicability of the Persian version of the CRQ in the Iranian population. Copyright © 2020, Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited

Vigilância de 8 anos da exposição ocupacional causada por instrumentos cortantes e picadas de agulha no Hospital Velayat Burn Injuries durante 2008-2016

Needle stick injury is one cause of infection incidence due to blood or body fluids that can lead to infectious diseases such as Hepatitis, Aids and even death in affected people. This study aimed to determine the injuries caused by splash, sharp object and needle stick. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Rasht Velayat Burn Injuries Hospital. Data collection was conducted with demographic form and occupational exposure-related injuries and review of occupational records of injured people which analyzed by SPSS software. The results of reviews showed a total of 129injured people during an 8-year-period among them 75% was nurses and 25% was service workers. Most injured people aged between 30 to 40 and 37% of them had a 1 to 5 year working experience and finger was the most injured organ. The most injuries occurred in morning shift between 10 to 12 am followed by 12-14 pm or 18-20 pm. Considering this fact that a desirable Frequency Severity Indicator (FSI) is FSI&lt;1, investigations showed that this figure was 1% in 2015 and the most injuries were observed in this year in August. Considering the epidemic and variation of workplace accidents, holding a judicial and&nbsp;health training courses for both employees and employers with respect to acquaintance of safety principles and technical protection seems necessary in order to decrease work-related injuries and human resource retention.La lesión por punción con aguja es una de las causas de la incidencia de infecciones debidas a la sangre o los fluidos corporales que pueden provocar enfermedades infecciosas, como Hepatitis, SIDA e incluso la muerte en las personas afectadas. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar las lesiones causadas por salpicaduras, objetos afilados y pinchazos con agujas. El estudio descriptivo de corte transversal se realizó en el hospital de lesiones por quemaduras de Rasht Velayat. La recolección de datos se realizó con la forma demográfica y las lesiones relacionadas con la exposición ocupacional y la revisión de los registros ocupacionales de personas lesionadas que se analizaron mediante el software SPSS. Los resultados de las revisiones mostraron un total de 129 heridos durante un período de 8 años, de los cuales el 75% eran enfermeras y el 25% eran trabajadores de servicios. La mayoría de las personas lesionadas de entre 30 y 40 años y el 37% de ellas tenían una experiencia laboral de 1 a 5 años y el dedo era el órgano más lesionado. La mayoría de las lesiones ocurrieron en el turno de la mañana entre las 10 y las 12 am, seguidas de las 12-14 pm o las 18-20 pm Teniendo en&nbsp;cuenta este hecho de que un indicador de gravedad de frecuencia (FSI) deseable es FSI &lt;1, las investigaciones demostraron que esta cifra fue del 1% en 2015 y la mayoría de las lesiones se observaron en este año en agosto. Considerando la epidemia y la variación de los accidentes en el lugar de trabajo, realizar cursos de capacitación judicial y de salud para empleados y empleadores con respecto al conocimiento de los principios de seguridad y protección técnica parece necesario para disminuir las lesiones relacionadas con el trabajo y la retención de recursos humanos.A lesão por punção com agulha é uma das causas da incidência de infecções por sangue ou fluidos corporais que podem causar doenças infecciosas, como hepatite, AIDS e até morte nas pessoas afetadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as lesões causadas por respingos, objetos pontiagudos e punções com agulha. Este estudo descritivo, transversal foi conduzido no hospital de queimadura de Rasht Velayat. A coleta de dados foi realizada com a ficha demográfica e as lesões relacionadas à exposição ocupacional e à revisão dos registros ocupacionais das pessoas lesadas que foram analisadas através do software SPSS. Os resultados das revisões mostraram um total de 129 lesões durante um período de 8 anos, dos quais 75% eram enfermeiros e 25% eram trabalhadores de serviço. A maioria das pessoas lesadas entre 30 e 40 anos e 37% delas tinham uma experiência de trabalho de 1 a 5 anos e o dedo era o órgão mais lesionado. A maioria das lesões ocorreu no turno da manhã, entre as 10h e as 12h, seguida das 12h às 14h ou 18h20. Considerando este fato, um indicador de severidade de frequência desejável (FSI) é FSI &lt;1, as investigações mostraram que esse número foi de 1% em 2015 e a maioria das lesões foram observadas neste ano em agosto. Considerando a epidemia e a variação de acidentes no local de trabalho, parece necessária a realização de cursos judiciais e de treinamento em saúde para empregados e empregadores, quanto ao conhecimento dos princípios de segurança e proteção técnica, para reduzir as lesões e acidentes relacionados ao trabalho. a retenção de recursos humanos

Study the Changes of Some Water Relations and Net Photosynthesis of Three Iranian Melon Population (Cucumis melo) under Water Deficit Stress

Introduction Drought stress is one of the most common environmental stresses that limits agricultural production through disruption of physiological processes and reduces plant performance. Since in most parts of the world, including in Iran, melon plants and generally pumpkins are cultivated in hot and dry areas, and in these areas the main challenge is due to the limitation of suitable water for agriculture, the possibility of various types of stress, including  water deficit stress (partial or severe) in the cultivation of these plants is relatively high. From this point of view, it seems necessary to study and know the tolerant cultivars and masses and ways to improve water management. Among the physiological characteristics, leaf water status, membrane stability, photosynthesis changes and related factors are of special importance in relation to tolerance of stressful conditions and especially dehydration. A review of scientific sources shows that due to the relative importance of melons among fruit vegetables, no comprehensive research has been done on the effect of water stress on the yield and stress level evaluation indicators in Garmak and Dudaim groups. This research has tried to investigate and evaluate this issue in some products of this group of vegetables that have been less studied.   Materials and Methods This experiment was carried out in the form of a split plot design in the form of randomized complete blocks and in four replications in the Mahan greenhouse complex located 25 km from Kerman province. Experimental treatments include; There were three plants (Shahdad and Isfahan cantaloupe (Garmak) and Birjand dudaim (Cucumis melo group dudaim)) and three levels of irrigation in order to apply stress (starting irrigation at matric potentials of -45 (control), -55 and -65 kPa). The parameters of net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rate, leaf chlorophyll index, water potential, osmosis and turgor potential of leaves, water use efficiency and leaf relative humidity were measured and evaluated.   Results and Discussion Based on the results of the first and third tables, the three population were different in the changes in the net rate of photosynthesis under different levels of dehydration stress, but the change process in them was largely similar. The highest rate of net photosynthesis and leaf stomatal conductance was obtained in Isfahan cantaloupe population plants under control irrigation (-45 kPa), which, of course, did not have a significant difference with plants under -55 kPa dehydration stress, and the lowest rate of these traits in Birjand dudaim under irrigation at matric potential -65 kPa was measured. A more severe level of dehydration stress (starting irrigation at matric potential of -65 kPa) reduced the net photosynthetic rate in all three plants compared to control irrigation (-45 kPa). It seems that under the conditions of this experiment, the reduction of the relative humidity of the leaves occurs following the reduction of the water potential in the leaves and leads to the closing of the stomata in order to increase the resistance of the mesophyll cells against the dehydration stress and parallel to these changes, the reduction it happens in the amount of stomatal conductance and as a result the rate of net photosynthesis. The rate of leaf transpiration in matric potentials of -55 and -65 kPa has decreased significantly compared to control irrigation. The decrease in transpiration rate in plants under stress is probably due to stomatal closure and reduction of stomatal conductance. Plants under stress prevent excessive water loss through transpiration by regulating stomata. Based on the results of the second and fourth tables, by measuring the water potential, osmosis and turgor potential of the leaves of the three population used, it was shown that the water potential of the leaf decreased with the increase in the water stress levels. The slope of this decrease is such that the potential values are equal to the osmotic potential values of the leaf and the turgor potential, which is the result of the difference between the osmotic and water potentials of the leaf, also decreases, but it is the turgor pressure that has increased and in a more positive way. even at the end of the stress period and at the most extreme level of stress, it reaches zero. This same turgor pressure maintains the normal state of the membrane in cells under dehydration stress. In fact, the extreme level of water stress in this experiment significantly reduced the osmotic potential of the leaf. The highest amount of osmotic potential (8.5 Bar) for these plants was obtained in the usual or control irrigation treatment and the lowest (22 Bar) in the more severe level of dehydration stress treatment (watering as soon as the matric potential reaches -65 kPa) was obtained. At matric potentials of -45 and -55, there was no significant difference between the three population in terms of leaf relative humidity percentage, but in Garmak and Dudaim populations, the relative humidity of leaves was significantly reduced by applying stress at the matric potential of -65 kPa. This is despite the fact that in the Isfahan cantaloupe, the decrease in the relative humidity of the leaf was not significant. The existence of this difference in the reduction of the relative humidity of the leaves in the conditions of stress between the three plants may be due to the genetic differences in the ability of the stomata of the plants to lose water. In fact, more drought tolerant population (Isfahan Garmak) compared to Shahdad Garmak and Birjand dudaim have better maintained relative humidity until the end of the stress.    Conclusion Plants with the ability to regulate osmosis can be considered as drought tolerant plants. This adjustment in the plants of this experiment occurred in the condition that in all three population, the osmotic potential decreased by -19 to -22 Bar. This event is to some extent guaranteeing the performance of pure photosynthesis, although at a low rate in these plants, in the condition that the water potential of the cell has become negative at the level of severe water deficit stress, at the end of growth

Induction of CD14 Expression and Differentiation to Monocytes or Mature Macrophages in Promyelocytic Cell Lines: New Approach

Purpose: CD14, one of the main differentiation markers on the surface of myeloid lineage cells, acts as a key role in activation of LPS-induced monocytes. LPS (lipopolysaccharide) binds to LPS-binding protein in plasma and are delivered to the cell surface receptor CD14. In this study, Various stimuli [Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and LPS], either alone or in combination, have been recognized that have an effect on the level of CD14 expression in the human HL-60 and U937 promonocytic cell lines and therefore induce their terminal differentiation into monocytes or mature macrophages. Methods: U937 and HL-60 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS. For each cell line, 1×106 cells were seeded for 72 hours with DMSO, 14 days with LPS and 18 days with 1, 25-D3 in each well plate; then ELISA method was used to study their responses to the factors by means of anti-CD14. Results: ELISA assay demonstrated that U937 and HL-60 cells were induced by both [1,25(OH)2D3] and DMSO to obtain characteristics of adherent cells and express CD14 protein; moreover, LPS at a low dose increased CD14 expression on surface of this cells. Conclusion: According to the our results, it is speculated that CD14 gene expression may be induced in human U937 and HL-60 cell lines by different factors including 1,25-D3, DMSO and LPS

Microfluidics as efficient technology for the isolation and characterization of stem cells.

The recent years have been passed with significant progressions in the utilization of microfluidic technologies for cellular investigations. The aim of microfluidics is to mimic small-scale body environment with features like optical transparency. Microfluidics can screen and monitor different cell types during culture and study cell function in response to stimuli in a fully controlled environment. No matter how the microfluidic environment is similar to in vivo environment, it is not possible to fully investigate stem cells behavior in response to stimuli during cell proliferation and differentiation. Researchers have used stem cells in different fields from fundamental researches to clinical applications. Many cells in the body possess particular functions, but stem cells do not have a specific task and can turn into almost any type of cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability of changing into specific cells that can be essential for the body. Researchers and physicians are interested in stem cells to use them in testing the function of the body's systems and solving their complications. This review discusses the recent advances in utilizing microfluidic techniques for the analysis of stem cells, and mentions the advantages and disadvantages of using microfluidic technology for stem cell research

Study on Simultaneous Colonization of Rhizophagus irregularis and Serendipita indica in Barley under Different P Levels Using Monoclonal Antibody

Introduction Recent studies show that most crops and horticultural plants can form symbiosis with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the endophytic Serendepita indica, simultaneously. The endophytic fungus plays an important role in alleviating environmental stresses in plants. It has also been shown that excessive available phosphorus in soil limits the root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. No information is available on how soil phosphorus affects the establishment of endophytic fungus in root. Barley roots can be colonized by both mycorrhizal fungi and the endophytic fungus Serendipita indica. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of single or dual inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis and Serendipita indica on barley roots under different phosphorus (P) levels. The researchers utilized a monoclonal antibody called MAb32B11 to assess the presence of glomalin, a signature molecule of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, in the roots. The glomalin content was quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method with the MAb32B11 antibody. Materials and Methods In this experiment, barley plants were inoculated with Rhizaphagus irregularis (AMF) and Serendepita indica (endophytic fungus) with three levels of phosphorus from triple super phosphate source. At the end of the vegetative growth period (about three months), the plants were harvested and phosphorus concentration in the plant were measured. A subsample from roots was stored in -20 ºC for determination of glomalin content. The glomalin content in the roots was analyzed using the monoclonal antibody MAb32B11. This antibody was employed to differentiate between the two fungi present in the roots and to quantify the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) specifically in plants treated with Rhizophagus irregularis. Additionally, the content of glomalin in the soil was determined at the end of the experiment using the same method as described above. The experiment was designed as a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Results and Discussion The results showed that the fresh and dry weights of shoot and root increased significantly in dual inoculation. At zero phosphorus level, shoot and root phosphorus concentrations were significantly higher in treatments with R. irregularis than in those without fungus (control). Under individual inoculation with R. irregularis, or S. indica as well as their dual inoculations, increasing level of phosphorus had no significant effect on shoot and root phosphorus concentration. In dual inoculation, the percentage of total colonization (88%) was significantly higher than that of individual inoculation treatment (68%) but the contribution of each fungus in root colonization under dual inoculation was significantly reduced as estimated by glomalin content of root and determination of total colonization. It was found that with increasing phosphorus level, total colonization percentage significantly decreased and the highest percentage of colonization (61%) was observed at zero level of phosphorus. By increasing phosphorus level, the percentage of root colonization was significantly decreased in individual inoculation by R. irregularis, or S. indica as well as dual inoculation. Results of glomalin assay in soil showed that the glomalin content was high in treatments of R. irregularis but control treatments without fungus and individual inoculation with S. indica had low glomalin. Antibody-reactive root glomalin was less in the dual inoculation treatment (1006.9 µg.g-1) than in the R. irregularis treatment alone (1924.5 µg.g-1) indicating that the presence of S. indica, in root inhibits, root colonization by R. irregularis. Moreover, the increasing of phosphorus level, significantly decreased root glomalin. Conclusion The increase of available phosphorus concentration in the soil caused to limit the expansion of the symbiosis of R. irregularis and S. indica, and this limitation was more for R. irregularis. In the case of dual inoculation with both Rhizophagus irregularis and Serendipita indica, the negative impact of phosphorus on colonization percentage was observed to be less compared to single inoculation. Although the percentage of colonization by each fungus decreased in the dual inoculation treatment compared to their individual inoculation, the overall colonization percentage increased significantly. It appears that in the dual inoculation scenario, while the total root colonization percentage increases, the presence of S. indica leads to a decrease in the colonization percentage specifically with R. irregularis. But in general, growth and nutrient absorption in the case of dual inoculation was better than the inoculation of each of them individually. It was also found that increasing the concentration of phosphorus in the soil caused a decrease in root colonization for both fungi, although the negative effect of phosphorus on the colonization of R. irregularis was more than that of S. indica. The measurement of glomalin in soil and root showed that the inhibitory effect of S. indica fungus on R. irregularis is less in soil than in root

The current landscape of CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors: Mechanisms, research progress, challenges, and counterstrategies

The successful outcomes of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in treating hematologic cancers have increased the previously unprecedented excitement to use this innovative approach in treating various forms of human cancers. Although researchers have put a lot of work into maximizing the effectiveness of these cells in the context of solid tumors, few studies have discussed challenges and potential strategies to overcome them. Restricted trafficking and infiltration into the tumor site, hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), antigen escape and heterogeneity, CAR T-cell exhaustion, and severe life-threatening toxicities are a few of the major obstacles facing CAR T-cells. CAR designs will need to go beyond the traditional architectures in order to get over these limitations and broaden their applicability to a larger range of malignancies. To enhance the safety, effectiveness, and applicability of this treatment modality, researchers are addressing the present challenges with a wide variety of engineering strategies as well as integrating several therapeutic tactics. In this study, we reviewed the antigens that CAR T-cells have been clinically trained to recognize, as well as counterstrategies to overcome the limitations of CAR T-cell therapy, such as recent advances in CAR T-cell engineering and the use of several therapies in combination to optimize their clinical efficacy in solid tumors

The Effect of Humor Therapy on Relieving Quality and Fear of Pain in Elderly Residing Nursing Homes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Chronic pain is common in the elderly. Distraction is one of the important uses of cognitive-behavioral techniques and humor is one of the distraction techniques used in pain control. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of humor therapy (HT) on quality and fear of pain in nursing homes. Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial study on 55 elderly who had experienced chronic pain for at least 3 months and residing in nursing homes in Mashhad, Iran, 2016. The sampling was of convenience type as well as random allocation of nursing homes to two groups; the one receiving HT (n = 28) and a control group (n = 27) living in two similar nursing homes. The experimental group received 6 sessions of humor therapy over 6 weeks and the control group received the routine care. To this end, pain quality and fear of pain were assessed at the first, after the 3rd and 6th sessions in both groups respectively using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Fear of Pain Questionnaire. The main data were also compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Total pain quality and fear of pain before the study was homogeneous in both groups (P &gt; 0.05); but after 6th sessions in humor therapy the score of total pain quality decrease from 3.5 ± 1.1 to 2.4±0.7 (P &lt; 0.001) and the score of fear of pain decrease from 36.0 ± 1.4 to 30.6 ± 0.8 (P &lt; 0.05). These results were not significant in control group (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: HT as a low-cost method can be an effective way to reduce the quality and fear of pain in elderly pain