The Practice and Importance of Chestnut Cultivation in Azerbaijan in the Face of Blight, Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr

The arrival and spread of chestnut blight, caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr, in Caucasian Azerbaijan has compromised the livelihoods of chestnut farmers and is causing rapid genetic erosion in the center of diversity for the European chestnut, Castanea sativa Mill. In Azerbaijan, blight was first reported in 2008 and is currently present in all chestnut-growing regions. Fortunately, there is a demonstrated biological control technique which may be applied in the context of Europe and Eurasia. This presents an opportunity to simultaneously achieve environmental and genetic resource conservation goals while reinforcing the livelihoods and maintenance of diversity of the nation’s chestnut growers. However, national institutions primarily recognize the economic and genetic importance of certain elite crops, particularly those which were prominent production goods during the Soviet period. The present work was undertaken to characterize the socio-economic role of chestnut production and use in the communities where this crop is grown and sold. We investigate the monetary role of chestnut sales in the livelihoods of growers and collectors. It is hypothesized that while continuing to be a minor production good nationally, chestnut sales in a newly entrepreneurial agricultural sector have taken on tremendous livelihood importance to specific communities. The socio-economic importance of chestnut-based income to Azerbaijan’s chestnut-growing communities is illustrated by the results of in-depth household budget interviews from 22 chestnut-growing households in two villages

Produción de bioetanol e proteínas recombinantes a partir de soro de leite e molasas

Traballo fin de mestrado (UDC.CIE). Bioloxía molecular, celular e xenética. Curso 2013/201

Molecular Analysis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene Mutations in Azerbaijan Republic

Genetic screening of school children in Masalli region in Azerbaijan Republic identified 23 school children with G6PD enzyme activity different deficiency (from 0 up to 60% activity). Biochemical studies were done/performed for school children with activity efficiency on enzyme preparations from erythrocytes. As to WHO Guidelines, enzymatic preparations were related to the following classes: 2nd class – 13 boys, 3rd class – 6 school boys, 4th class – 4 of them. DNA molecular analysis, isolated from blood of the index patient, was classified as the 2nd class of G6PD enzyme deficiency and has shown the substitution of Guanine nucleotide with Adenine in position 1178. As a result of the mutation in protein in the position 393, substitution of amino acids Arginine with Histidine [G6PD,1178 (G-A) Arg393His] takes place

Molecular Genetic Studies of The Diseases Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Phenylketonuria and Familial Mediterranean Fever in The Population of The Azerbaijan Republic

The genealogical analysis of hereditary diseases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy at the level of the N.A. family tree who are residents of the Balakan region of Azerbaijan Republic has been presented. Two, of the 18 family members studied, had Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and 6 of them were heterozygous carriers of the disease as detected. The total activity of the creatinphosphokinase enzyme in the patients’ blood was > 2000 U/L, in the heterozygotes - at the range of 877.6-1271.0 U/L. The enzyme average activity for heterozygotes was 1005 U/L. It is recommended to use the total CPK enzyme activity for the diagnostics of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in heterozygous women. The family with identified inherited metabolic disease of phenylketonuria lives in Masally administrative area. Phenylketonuria gene has an identified R261G (G-A) mutation. Purpose of the work was to study mutations of MEFV gene of the Familial Mediterranean Fever disease in the population of the Republic of Azerbaijan. For this purpose, a complex of modern molecular-genetic methods based on polymerase-chain reaction has been used. The 7 mutations of the MEFV gene have been identified: R761H M694I, M694V, V726A, R202Q, M680I and E148Q. Two mutations - E148Q and R202Q were located in exon 2, five mutations - R761H M694I, M694V, V726A, and M680I were found in exon 10. 9 polymorphisms have been identified in the exons 2,3 and 5 of the MEFV gene. To prevent Familial Mediterranean Fever hereditary disease in the population of the Republic of Azerbaijan, it is planned to carry out the medical-genetic counseling for families with genetic risk with the following prenatal diagnosis of the fetus in the next pregnancy

An atlas of Caenorhabditis elegans chemoreceptor expression

One goal of modern day neuroscience is the establishment of molecular maps that assign unique features to individual neuron types. Such maps provide important starting points for neuron classification, for functional analysis, and for developmental studies aimed at defining the molecular mechanisms of neuron identity acquisition and neuron identity diversification. In this resource paper, we describe a nervous system-wide map of the potential expression sites of 244 members of the largest gene family in the C. elegans genome, rhodopsin-like (class A) G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) chemoreceptors, using classic gfp reporter gene technology. We cover representatives of all sequence families of chemoreceptor GPCRs, some of which were previously entirely uncharacterized. Most reporters are expressed in a very restricted number of cells, often just in single cells. We assign GPCR reporter expression to all but two of the 37 sensory neuron classes of the sex-shared, core nervous system. Some sensory neurons express a very small number of receptors, while others, particularly nociceptive neurons, coexpress several dozen GPCR reporter genes. GPCR reporters are also expressed in a wide range of inter- and motorneurons, as well as non-neuronal cells, suggesting that GPCRs may constitute receptors not just for environmental signals, but also for internal cues. We observe only one notable, frequent association of coexpression patterns, namely in one nociceptive amphid (ASH) and two nociceptive phasmid sensory neurons (PHA, PHB). We identified GPCRs with sexually dimorphic expression and several GPCR reporters that are expressed in a left/right asymmetric manner. We identified a substantial degree of GPCR expression plasticity; particularly in the context of the environmentally-induced dauer diapause stage when one third of all tested GPCRs alter the cellular specificity of their expression within and outside the nervous system. Intriguingly, in a number of cases, the dauer-specific alterations of GPCR reporter expression in specific neuron classes are maintained during postdauer life and in some case new patterns are induced post-dauer, demonstrating that GPCR gene expression may serve as traits of life history. Taken together, our resource provides an entry point for functional studies and also offers a host of molecular markers for studying molecular patterning and plasticity of the nervous system

Inherited Metabolic Disease Phenylketonuria and Deficiency of G6pd Enzyme In A Family Study

The family with identified inherited metabolic disease of phenylketonuria lives in Masally administrative area. Masally area itself is located in South-East of Azerbaijan Republic on the slopes of Talysh mountains in subtropical zone. Members of proband’s family possess deficiency of glucose-6- phosphatedehydrogenase. Phenylketonuria gene has an identified R261G (G-A) mutation. The study of erythrocyte enzyme preparation for family members have shown low electophoretic mobility for G6PD which was unknown in the world studies. Based on the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) applied to G6P, substrate values have manifested high biochemical polymorphism

Retrospective evaluation of outcomes of vaginal birth after caesarean section in a tertiary center: a single-center study from Turkey

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the trial of labor after caesarean (TOLAC) outcomes and determine its reliability by comparing it with elective repeat caesarean delivery (ERCD) and vaginal delivery. Material and methods: For this purpose, the outcomes of patients aged 18–40 years who had 57 TOLACs, 72 vaginal deliveries, and 60 elective caesarean sections in Ankara Koru Hospital between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2022 were compared. Results: Gestational age was lower in the normal vaginal delivery (NVD) group than in the elective caesarean section and vaginal birth after caesarean delivery (VBAC) groups (p < 0.0005). The birth weight was statistically significantly lower in the NVD group than in the elective caesarean section and VBAC groups (p < 0.0002). No statistically significant correlation was found between the BMI values in all three groups (p < 0.586). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of pre- and post-natal haemoglobin and APGAR scores (p < 0.575)(p < 0.690)(p < 0.747). The rate of epidural and oxytocin use was higher in the NVD group than in the VBAC group (p < 0.001) (p < 0.037). There was no statistically significant correlation between the birth weights of the infants in the TOLAC group and failed VBAC (p < 0.078). No statistically significant correlation was observed between the use of oxytocin for induction and failed VBAC (p < 0.842). There was no statistically significant correlation between epidural anaesthesia and failed VBAC (p < 0.586). A statistically significant correlation was found between gestational age and caesarean section as a result of a failed VBAC (p < 0.020). Conclusions: The main reason for not preferring TOLAC continues to be uterine rupture. It can be recommended to eligible patients in tertiary centers. Because even when the factors increasing the success of VBAC were excluded, the rate of successful VBAC remained high

Multi-gene phylogeny for Ophiostoma spp. reveals two new species from Protea infructescences

Ophiostoma represents a genus of fungi that are mostly arthropod-dispersed and have a wide global distribution. The best known of these fungi are carried by scolytine bark beetles that infest trees, but an interesting guild of Ophiostoma spp. occurs in the infructescences of Protea spp. native to South Africa. Phylogenetic relationships between Ophiostoma spp. from Protea infructescences were studied using DNA sequence data from the β-tubulin, 5.8S ITS (including the flanking internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2) and the large subunit DNA regions. Two new species, O. phasma sp. nov. and O. palmiculminatum sp. nov. are described and compared with other Ophiostoma spp. occurring in the same niche. Results of this study have raised the number of Ophiostoma species from the infructescences of serotinous Protea spp. in South Africa to five. Molecular data also suggest that adaptation to the Protea infructescence niche by Ophiostoma spp. has occurred independently more than once

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FISH FARMING IN AZERBAIJAN AND THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, USA

Authors of this report describe peculiarities of fish farming in the water basin of Azerbaijan and the State of California (USA). Authors of the report also offer the description of the natural conditions of lakes and river basins, as well as coastal zones where fish farming is developed in the selected country