Anyon Black Holes

We propose a correspondence between an Anyon Van der Waals fluid and a (2+1) dimensional AdS black hole. Anyons are particles with intermediate statistics that interpolates between a Fermi-Dirac statistics and a Bose-Einstein one. A parameter $\alpha$ ($0<\alpha<1$) characterizes this intermediate statistics of Anyons. The equation of state for the Anyon Van der Waals fluid shows that it has a quasi Fermi-Dirac statistics for $\alpha > \alpha_c$, but a quasi Bose-Einstein statistics for $\alpha< \alpha_c$. By defining a general form of the metric for the (2+1) dimensional AdS black hole and considering the temperature of the black hole to be equal with that of the Anyon Van der Waals fluid, we construct the exact form of the metric for a (2+1) dimensional AdS black hole. The thermodynamic properties of this black hole is consistent with those of the Anyon Van der Waals fluid. For $\alpha< \alpha_c$, the solution exhibits a quasi Bose-Einstein statistics. For $\alpha > \alpha_c$ and a range of values of the cosmological constant, there is, however, no event horizon so there is no black hole solution. Thus, for these values of cosmological constants, the AdS Anyon Van der Waals black holes have only quasi Bose-Einstein statistics.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Molecular Genetics and Epidemiology of Vitiligo: A Minireview

Background and aims: Vitiligo is an acquired, idiopathic, and common depigmentation disorder of the skin that affects people of all ages and both sexes equally worldwide. Although etiology of the disease is unknown, there are theories such as environment and genetic factors. Methods: In this article, we collected and summarized the appropriate manuscripts regarding the epidemiology and genetics using the terms vitiligo and genetic epidemiology in PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: Studies showed the highest prevalence of disease in African countries, but with regard to the distribution of disease in different areas, environmental factors were as important as other causes of vitiligo, and 3 genes of FOXP3, XBP1 and TSLP had the most association with the disease. Conclusion: It seems that recognition of the genetic basis of vitiligo will supply new insight into the therapies for it. Therefore, more genetic studies are needed to discover the genes and causes linked to clinical aspects of this disease

Obecność przeciwciał przeciw Chlamydia pneumoniae wśród irańskich chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane: badanie pilotażowe

Background and purpose Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Genetic and environmental factors could not completely explain the pathogenesis of the disease. Among environmental factors, infectious agents are of more interest than other candidates, so Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) may have a role in MS development or progression. This study aimed to evaluate C. pneumoniae seropositivity in MS patients. Material and methods Serum samples obtained from a cohort of 85 patients with MS and from 50 age- and sex-matched controls were assessed for the presence of antibodies. IgM and IgG concentration for C. pneumoniae were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The mean age was 33.8 (9.96) years in the MS group and 33.9 (10.7) years in controls. Female/male ratio was 3.5 : 1 in the MS group; 69 patients (81%) had relapsing-remitting course (RRMS) and 16 patients (19%) had secondary progressive course (SPMS). The median concentration of C. pneumoniae IgM in the MS group was 0.5 RU/mL (0.25–1) versus 0.5 RU/mL (0.3–0.8) in the control group (p = 0.66); likewise, the median concentration of C. pneumoniae IgG in MS patients was 57.3 RU/mL (17.05–95.1) compared with 56.15 RU/mL (6.85–102.5) in the control group (p = 0.85). Regarding the clinical course, C. pneumoniae IgG was 55.1 RU/mL (20.7–88.6) in RRMS and 59.1 RU/mL (5.35–112) in SPMS (p = 0.8). Conclusion No association was observed between MS and C. pneumoniae in Iranian MS patients.Wstęp i cel pracy Stwardnienie rozsiane (SR) jest przewlekłą zapalną chorobą autoimmunologiczną ośrodkowego układu nerwowego. Czynniki genetyczne i środowiskowe nie tłumaczą w pełni patogenezy choroby. Wśród czynników środowiskowych szczególne zainteresowanie budzą drobnoustroje powodujące zakażenia. Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) mogłaby odgrywać rolę w powstawaniu lub postępie SR. Celem badania była ocena obecności przeciwciał przeciwko C. pneumoniae w surowicy chorych na SR. Materiał i metody Od 85 chorych na SR i od 50 osób z grupy kontrolnej, dobranych pod względem wieku i płci, pobrano krew i za pomocą testów immunoenzymatycznych (ELISA) zbadano stężenia IgM i IgG przeciwko C. pneumoniae w surowicy. Wyniki Średnia wieku wyniosła 33,8 (9,96) roku w grupie chorych na SR i 33,9 (10,7) roku w grupie kontrolnej. W grupie chorych na SR proporcja kobiet do mężczyzn wyniosła 3,5 : 1. U 69 pacjentów (81%) choroba miała przebieg nawracająco-zwalniający, a u 16 pacjentów (19%) – wtórnie postępujący. Mediana stężenia IgM przeciwko C. pneumoniae wyniosła 0,5 RU/ml (0,25–1) w grupie chorych na SR w porównaniu z 0,5 RU/ml (0,3–0,8) w grupie kontrolnej (p = 0,66). Mediana stężenia IgG przeciwko C. pneumoniae wyniosła 57,3 RU/ml (17,05–95,1) w grupie chorych na SR w porównaniu z 56,15 RU/ml (6,85–102,5) w grupie kontrolnej (p = 0,85). Mediana stężenia IgG przeciwko C. pneumoniae wśród chorych na nawracająco-zwalniające SR wyniosła 55,1 RU/ml (20,7–88,6), a w grupie chorych z postacią wtórnie postępującą choroby − 59,1 RU/ml (5,35–112) (p = 0,8). Wnioski Wśród irańskich chorych na SR nie stwierdzono związku między SR a występowaniem przeciwciał przeciwko C. pneumoniae

Contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’S H-Index

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear

Does it Matter Which Citation Tool is Used to Compare the h-index of a Group of Highly Cited Researchers?

h-index retrieved by citation indexes (Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science) is used to measure the scientific performance and the research impact studies based on the number of publications and citations of a scientist. It also is easily available and may be used for performance measures of scientists, and for recruitment decisions. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference between the outputs and results from these three citation databases namely Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science based upon the h-index of a group of highly cited researchers (Nobel Prize winner scientist). The purposive sampling method was adopted to collect the required data. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the h-index between three citation indexes of Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science; the Google scholar h-index was more than the h-index in two other databases. It was also concluded that there is a significant positive relationship between h-indices based on Google scholar and Scopus. The citation indexes of Scopus, Google scholar, and Web of Science may be useful for evaluating h-index of scientists but they have some limitations as well

Comparative repellency effect of three plant extracts on Paederus beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), the cause of linear dermatitis in Iran

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the repellent effect of neem, juniper and eucalyptus extracts as a form of protection against Paederus beetles, which are a cause of linear dermatitis in Iran.MethodsAfter collecting and extracting plant samples, the extracts were tested on Paederus beetles in three concentrations (2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0%) with direct method under laboratory conditions. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20).ResultsThe results indicated that there was a significant difference between neem with juniper and eucalyptus at the 2.5% and 5.0% concentrations (P < 0.05), whereas there was a significant difference between all three extracts at the 10.0% concentration (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis is the first report on the repellent effect of these three plant extracts on Paederus beetles. Neem oil appeared to have the largest effect on Paederus spp. and juniper essential oil exhibited the second highest repellency, followed by eucalyptus

Comparative repellency effect of three plant extracts on Paederus beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), the cause of linear dermatitis in Iran

Objective: To investigate the repellent effect of neem, juniper and eucalyptus extracts as a form of protection against Paederus beetles, which are a cause of linear dermatitis in Iran. Methods: After collecting and extracting plant samples, the extracts were tested on Paederus beetles in three concentrations (2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0%) with direct method under laboratory conditions. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20). Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between neem with juniper and eucalyptus at the 2.5% and 5.0% concentrations (P < 0.05), whereas there was a significant difference between all three extracts at the 10.0% concentration (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This is the first report on the repellent effect of these three plant extracts on Paederus beetles. Neem oil appeared to have the largest effect on Paederus spp. and juniper essential oil exhibited the second highest repellency, followed by eucalyptus