The Phoenix Deep Survey: The 1.4 GHz microJansky catalogue

The initial Phoenix Deep Survey (PDS) observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array have been supplemented by additional 1.4 GHz observations over the past few years. Here we present details of the construction of a new mosaic image covering an area of 4.56 square degrees, an investigation of the reliability of the source measurements, and the 1.4 GHz source counts for the compiled radio catalogue. The mosaic achieves a 1-sigma rms noise of 12 microJy at its most sensitive, and a homogeneous radio-selected catalogue of over 2000 sources reaching flux densities as faint as 60 microJy has been compiled. The source parameter measurements are found to be consistent with the expected uncertainties from the image noise levels and the Gaussian source fitting procedure. A radio-selected sample avoids the complications of obscuration associated with optically-selected samples, and by utilising complementary PDS observations including multicolour optical, near-infrared and spectroscopic data, this radio catalogue will be used in a detailed investigation of the evolution in star-formation spanning the redshift range 0 < z < 1. The homogeneity of the catalogue ensures a consistent picture of galaxy evolution can be developed over the full cosmologically significant redshift range of interest. The 1.4 GHz mosaic image and the source catalogue are available on the web at http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~ahopkins/phoenix/ or from the authors by request.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication by A

Programa para a estimativa do custo e produção de energia eléctrica para uma residência

Este trabalho apresenta um programa de computador que permite determinar o custo e a produção de energia proporcionada por abastecimento pela empresa fornecedora de energia eléctrica e por instalações fotovoltaicas, eólicas e híbridas (fotovoltaicas e eólicas), em função da localização da instalação em território lusitano. Este programa leva em consideração a economia efectuada e o prazo de amortização do investimento. O programa foi realizado com a utilização das seguintes linguagens de programação: HTML, JavaScript e PHP. Pretende-se disponibilizar o uso deste programa através da Internet, para que a sua utilização possa ser alargada ao máximo número de pessoas possível.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), financiadora com fundos FEDER e OE do Projecto POCTI/ESE/48242/2002

SDSSJ143244.91+301435.3 at VLBI: a compact radio galaxy in a narrow-line Seyfert 1

We present VLBI observations, carried out with the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (EVN), of SDSSJ143244.91+301435.3, a radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (RLNLS1) characterized by a steep radio spectrum. The source, compact at Very Large Array (VLA) resolution, is resolved on the milliarcsec scale, showing a central region plus two extended structures. The relatively high brightness temperature of all components (5x10^6-1.3x10^8 K) supports the hypothesis that the radio emission is non-thermal and likely produced by a relativistic jet and/or small radio lobes. The observed radio morphology, the lack of a significant core and the presence of a low frequency (230 MHz) spectral turnover are reminiscent of the Compact Steep Spectrum sources (CSS). However, the linear size of the source (~0.5kpc) measured from the EVN map is lower than the value predicted using the turnover/size relation valid for CSS sources (~6kpc). This discrepancy can be explained by an additional component not detected in our observations, accounting for about a quarter of the total source flux density, combined to projection effects. The low core-dominance of the source (CD<0.29) confirms that SDSSJ143244.91+301435.3 is not a blazar, i.e. the relativistic jet is not pointing towards the observer. This supports the idea that SDSSJ143244.91+301435.3 may belong to the "parent population" of flat-spectrum RLNLS1 and favours the hypothesis of a direct link between RLNLS1 and compact, possibly young, radio galaxies.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

On the ergodic theory of impulsive semiflows

We consider impulsive semiflows and establish sufficient conditions to the existence of invariant measures. Namely, the impulsive set and its image are both submanifolds of codimension one that are transversal to the flow direction. Moreover, we show that under the same conditions a Variational Principle holds

Coarse-grained description of a passive scalar

The issue of the parameterization of small-scale dynamics is addressed in the context of passive-scalar turbulence. The basic idea of our strategy is to identify dynamical equations for the coarse-grained scalar dynamics starting from closed equations for two-point statistical indicators. With the aim of performing a fully-analytical study, the Kraichnan advection model is considered. The white-in-time character of the latter model indeed leads to closed equations for the equal-time scalar correlation functions. The classical closure problem however still arises if a standard filtering procedure is applied to those equations in the spirit of the large-eddy-simulation strategy. We show both how to perform exact closures and how to identify the corresponding coarse-grained scalar evolution.Comment: 22 pages; submitted to Journal of Turbulenc

Diarylethene-Based Ionic Liquids: Synthesis and Photo-Driven Solution Properties

Funding text The authors acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through the PhD grant SFRH/BD/81693/2011 (M. R. C. Soromenho). This work was supported by the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV (Portugal) (UIDB/50006/2020, UIDP/50006/2020, and LA/P/0008/2020) and by the Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa) (UIDB/04138/2020, and UIDP/04138/2020) which are financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES. The NMR spectrometers are part of the National NMR Network (PTNMR) are partially supported by Infrastructure Project Nº 022161 (co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE 2020, POCI and PORL and FCT through PIDDAC).In this work, the design and synthesis of a series of photochromic gemini diarylethene-based ionic liquids (GDILs) with different cationic motifs is reported. Several synthetic pathways were optimized for the formation of cationic GDILs with chloride as the counterion. The different cationic motifs were achieved through the N-alkylation of the photochromic organic core unit with different tertiary amines, including different aromatic amines such as imidazole derivatives and pyridinium, and other non-aromatic amines. These novel salts present surprising water solubility with unexplored photochromic features that broaden their known applications. The covalent attachment of the different side groups dictates their water solubility and differences upon photocyclization. The physicochemical properties of GDILs in aqueous and in imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) solutions were investigated. Upon irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light, we have observed changes in the physico-chemical properties of distinct solutions containing these GDILs, at very low concentrations. More specifically, in aqueous solution, the overall conductivity increased with the time of UV photoirradiation. In contrast, in IL solution, these photoinducible changes are dependent on the type of ionic liquid used. These compounds can improve non-ionic and ionic liquids’ solutions since we can change their properties, such as conductivity, viscosity or ionicity, only by UV photoirradiation. The electronic and conformational changes associated with these innovative stimuli GDILs may open new opportunities for their use as photoswitchable materials.publishersversionpublishe

Renewable energy in Portugal: legislation, incentives and suggestions

This paper presents the evolution of renewable energy generation in Portugal in the last decade, and explains the legislation and incentives in existence. The paper also presents suggestions that could incentive small and medium consumers to install renewable energy power plants (namely of wind power and photovoltaic types) in their facilities. These power plants would have to accomplish present legislation regarding “reactive energy” production during peak power consumption period, and besides, would have to assure power quality levels. On the other hand, reversible energy meters should be used, so that it would be registered the consumption of energy from the energy company, or the delivery of energy to the energy company. The equipments which could implement these characteristics are briefly described.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, (FCT), POCTI/ESE/41170/2001

Medidas reguladoras, normas e legislação portuguesa aplicável às energias renováveis e sugestões

Este artigo apresenta e explica, de forma breve, a legislação portuguesa aplicável às energias renováveis e os mecanismos de apoio para investimento e aquisição de equipamentos no território lusitano. Apresenta também sugestões para incentivar pequenos e médios consumidores, públicos e privados, a instalar nas suas propriedades pequenos parques para produção de energia eléctrica a partir de fontes de energia renovável, nomeadamente eólica e solar. Estes parques deveriam cumprir os requisitos relativos à produção de “energia reactiva”, e além disso deveriam assegurar níveis adequados de qualidade de energia eléctrica.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - POCTI/ESE/48242/2002

Mammals in Portugal: A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Open Research: The complete data set is available as Supporting Information and are also available in Figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14938437Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ca. 26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated to habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of Azores and Madeira that includes 107,852 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (42%), sign surveys (38%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radio-tracking and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: 1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, 2) capture, 3) colony, 4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, 5) genetic confirmation, 6) inquiries, 7) observation of live animal, 8), observation in shelters, 9) photo trapping | video, 10), predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, 11) scat | track | ditch, 12) telemetry and 13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n = 34,754) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,858), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,679), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 6,400). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus (n = 12,407), Monachus monachus (n = 1512), and Lynx pardinus (n = 197)]. We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets which would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publicationsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Influence of corrugation angle in the stirred yoghurt processing in plate heat exchangers

Research on heat transfer of non-Newtonian fluids during thermal processing is useful to optimise the heat exchanger design, as well as to define quality levels of the final product. In the present study, a nonisothermal and non-Newtonian flow in plate heat exchangers was simulated numerically, in order to evaluate the influence of corrugation angle on the thermal and hydrodynamics characteristics of yoghurt during cooling in a plate heat exchanger (PHE). Cooling treatment of stirred yoghurt is usually carried out in PHEs since these equipments are suitable for liquid-liquid heat transfer duties that require uniform and rapid cooling or heating. In this operation, two mechanisms of heat transfer occur: conduction, in the plates, and convection inside the channels. The set of equations that describe mathematically the problem were the Navier-Stokes equations, for incompressible and stationary flow, and Fourier’s law for the conduction problems. Additionally, a constitutive model that describes the rheological properties of yoghurt under the cooling conditions has to be established in order to define totally the problem. The used model was proposed by Afonso et al. (2003) and takes into account the influence of shear rate and temperatur