Water Recharge Variability Across Serayu Watershed Using Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

Climate change and land use have an influence on the process of groundwater replenishment. Serayu watershed is categorized as one of the critical watersheds in Indonesia due to groundwater conditions. One that affects groundwater is the ability to replenish groundwater. The purpose of the study was to predict groundwater replenishment in the Serayu watershed. The hydrological model approach (SWAT/Soil Water Assessment Tool) was applied. Spatial data is used in SWAT model analysis, namely: Elevation data, stream, soil types, land use land cover, and climate data. Data analysis using QGIS 3.18 and QSWATPlus tools. The model calibration uses cn2 values while NSE and R2 values are used to evaluate the model. Based on cn2 values, SWAT models show performance that can be used for model implementation. Model validation between before and after the calibration process is (R2) 0.86 while the NSE value is 0.66. When viewed from the water equilibrium ratio, the average water recharge value in the Serayu watershed is 49.5 mm.yr-1 from the total precipitation of 2473.6 mm.yr-1. The largest hydrological component occurs in evapotranspiration and surface runoff (1879.9 and 549.2 mm.yr-1, respectively). The high value of surface runoff indicates that the Serayu watershed needs attention regarding the ability of the land in the water recharge proces

Teknologi Pemanen Air Hujan dan Drainase Vertikal

Penurunan luas lahan terbuka akibat permukiman berdampak pada penurunan pengisian air tanah dan meningkatnya laju aliran permukaan. Teknologi Pemanen Air Hujan (PAH) dan Drainase Vertikal (DV) menjadi alternatif solusi. Selain aspek lingkungan, air hujanmemenuhi syarat kualitas air minum. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan mitra perihal konservasi dan teknologi sumber daya air serta replikasi dalam skala rumah tangga. Implementasi program pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan di Desa Kaliori, Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi pengumpulan data dasar kondisi masyarakat, penyuluhan, diseminasi teknologi, dan evaluasi program. Diseminasi teknologi dilakukan di rumah salah satu mitra yang berada di kawasan Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Kaliori. Setelah implementasi program, pengetahuan mitra tentang teknologi yang didesiminasikan meningkat. Pada saat program dijalankan, kinerja teknologi PAH dan DV belum bisa diaplikasikan karena kemarau panjang. Hal ini menjadi salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan mitra belum memiliki keinginan kuat untuk mereplikasi teknologi yang diperkenalkan. Peningkatan pengetahuan mitra tentang pentingnya air hujan bagi pemenuhankebutuhan rumah tangga dan pengisian air tanah diharapkan menjadi budaya baru bagi mitra dalam konservasi sumber daya air

Teknik Pengolahan Citra Digital Untuk Pendugaan Kadar Air Tanah Lahan Kering Dengan Penangkap Citra Infrared Webcam

Moisture content is one of important soil characteristics in agricultural systems and is often needed to determine other soil characteristics. Gravimetric method is widely used to measure soil moisture content. Although the result is quite accurate, however it is very time consuming. In this research, soil moisture content of arid field has been analyzed by image processing method using webcam and infrared webcam as the image-captured devices. This research aimed to estimate soil moisture content from images captured by webcam and infrared webcam and to define the most appropriate visual properties as the soil moisture content prediction parameter. Soil samples used in this research was from arid field of Gunung Tugel Village Banyumas Regency. Thirty samples of arid field soils were collected using soil ring samplers in 5 cm of soil depth. All samples were wetted until they reached a saturated condition. After that, the samples were stored for 30 days under room temperature condition until the soils became dry. Everyday the weight of each soil was measured and the images were captured by using webcam and infrared webcam. The images were then extracted by using image processing to obtain visual parameters such as RGB index as well as HSI colour and texture feature. Each of the visual parameters was then determined its correlation with soil moisture content and the R2 of the correlations. The final step of the analysis was calculating the mean percentage error (MPE) of the moisture content estimation. A visual parameter which has the least MPE would be used as the prediction parameter. The results of this research showed that soil moisture content of arid field could be predicted by using visual parameters from images captured by webcam and infrared webcam. Intensity of the soil images captured by infrared webcam resulted prediction error lower than that by webcam

PENGARUH JENIS TEKNIK FERTIGASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN MELON

Air dan nutrisi merupakan kebutuhan esensial tanaman. Perkembangan saat ini, budidaya melon dilakukan secara hidropononik dengan pemberian air irgasi dan nutrisi secara bersamaan (fertigasi). Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) dan irigasi tetes merupakan dua tipe teknik fertigasi yang banyak diterapkan. Kelemahan dan kelebihan dari kedua teknik fertigasi tersebut banyak dibahas mengenai aspek keteknikannya, sedangkan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman masih jarang diteliti terutama pada varietas tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh teknik fertigasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas melon pada budidaya secara hidroponik. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor bebas yaitu jenis teknik fertigasi (NFT dan irigasi tetes) dan varietas melon (varietas Jumbo F1 dan Golden aroma). Sedangkan variabel terikat yaitu pertumbuhan dan mutu melon (yaitu: tinggi tanaman, berat buah, diameter buah, dan kemanisan buah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis sistem fertigasi dan varietas melon berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua variabel terikat, meskipun tinggi tanaman baru terlihat berbeda nyata ketika masuk pada 3 minggu setelah pindah tanam. Berdasarkan parameter berat, diameter, dan tingkat kemanisan buah, kombinasi perlakuan terbaik dihasilkan pada perlakukan menggunakan NFT dan varietas Golden Aroma. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu petani melon dalam memilih jenis sistem fertigasi dan varietas unggul untuk mendapatkan hasil melon terbaikWater and nutrients are the essential requirements for plant. Currently, melon cultivation in hydroponics was applied by providing irrigation water and nutrients simultaneously (i.e. fertigation). Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) and drip irrigation are two commonly types on fertigation application. The weaknesses and strengths of the two fertigation techniques have been much exploration in terms of their technical aspects, while studies on the effects on crop growth and productivity, particularly for plant verieties, are rarely undertaken. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the type of fertigation technique on the growth and productivity of hydroponic melons. The study used a randomized block design with two independent factors, namely the type of fertigation technique (NFT and drip irrigation) and melon varieties (Jumbo F1 and Golden Aroma varieties). The dependent variables are the growth and quality of the melon (namely: plant height, fruit weight, fruit diameter, and fruit sweetness). Results showed that the type of fertigation system and melon cultivar had a significant impact on all dependent variables, although the height of the new plants differed markedly when introduced three weeks after transplanting. Based on fruit weight, diameter, and sweetness parameters, the recommended combination was treatment with NFT and the Golden Aroma variety. This research is designed to help melon growers choose the type of fertigation system and which varieties to achieve the optimum melon yields

PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN TERPADU TANAMAN HORTIKULTURA MELALUI MARKET FARM MENUJU DESA WISATA DI DESA BANJARSARI WETAN KECAMATAN SUMBANG KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

Program Desa Binaan yang dilaksanakan di Desa Banjarsari Wetan, Kecamatan Sumbang diharapkan dapat membantu penerapan teknologi pertanian terpadu untuk pengembangan komoditas hortikultura melalui Market Farm menuju desa wisata. Pertanian terpadu merupakan sistem yang menggabungkan kegiatan pertanian, peternakan, perikanan, kehutanan, dan ilmu lain yang terkait dengan pertanian dalam satu lahan. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat Desa Banjarsari Wetan terhadap konsep pertanian terpadu untuk pengembangan komoditas hortikultura menuju Desa Wisata. Kegiatan yang telah dilakukan meliputi pelatihan pertanian terpadu, materi tentang analisis usaha tani, strategi pemasaran, pengolahan hasil pertanian dari komoditas lokal, dan teknologi hidroponik yang dapat diterapkan. Demplot tanaman sayuran telah dilakukan dengan menanam sawi hijau, caisim, kembang kol, kubis bunga, serta bawang merah. Pembuatan pupuk organik cair urin kelinci dan pestisida nabati serta aplikasinya telah dilakukan pada demplot tanaman sayura

Utilization of Micro-Hydro in Tertiary Irrigation Canal for Paddy’s Pest Handling

Kegagalan panen merupakan salah satu penyebab belum tercukupinya kebutuhan pangan di Indonesia. Penyebab utama kegagalan panen diakibatkan oleh hama, seperti: burung, penggerek, wereng, dan lain-lain. Potensi aliran irigasi tersier di Indonesia sangat besar tetapi belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mendapatkan rancang bangun Wapoge (water power generator) yang mampu bekerja di saluran irigasi tersier dan bisa dimanfaatkan untuk pengendalian hama padi (hama burung dan serangga). Uji performansi dengan beban dilakukan pada rentang debit 48, 68, dan 77 liter/detik dan diimplementasikan pada lahan padi seluas 2500 m2. Energi listrik dimanfaatkan sebagai pengendali hama serangga (light trap) dengan tiga variasi daya lampu LED putih (3, 6, dan 9 watt), sedangkan energi gerak dimanfaatkan untuk pengusiran hama burung (orang-orangan sawah dan bunyi-bunyian). Pengamatan hama dilakukan secara visual, masing-masing dengan tiga ulangan. Debit aliran berbanding lurus dengan putaran turbin dan beda potensial yang dihasilkan. Light trap LED 9 watt mampu menangkap hama penggerek lebih banyak dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan 3 dan 6 watt. Penggunaan Wapoge mampu mengusir hama burung secara signifikan pada tiga waktu pengamatan (pagi, siang, dan sore). Pemanfaatan energi baru terbarukan perlu terus dikembangkan untuk mendukung usaha tani.The inadequate rice in Indonesian occur due to crop failure. Paddy’s pest (e.g. bird and insect) contributes crop failure significantly. Besides for water delivery, tertiary irrigation canal enable to develop another function such as micro-hydro. The research objective is to find Wapoge (water power generator) that adequate in tertiary irrigation canal for paddy’s pest handling (i.e. birds and insects). Performance test applied with water discharge variability (i.e. 48, 68, and 77 l/s) and 2500 m2 paddy field. Electricity was utilized for light trapping with white LED lamp’s power variablity (i.e. 3, 6, and 9 watt), while motion energy utilized for bird eviction (i.e. scarecrow and sounds). Visual observation was applied on pest counting with three repetition. Water recharge influence on turbine rotation and voltage. Light trapping, with LED 9 watt, show higher performance than 3 and 6 watt significantly. Wapoge adequate on bird eviction significantly during observation time (i.e. morning, noon, and afternoon). Renewable energy should be developed especially on supporting agricultural sector

Effect of root zone cooling and evaporative cooling in greenhouse on the growth and yield of potato seed by aeroponics in tropical lowlands

Temperature control of the rooting area with application of root zone cooling in an aeroponic system succeeded in maintaining the freshness of potato plant roots during planting to achieve tuber initiation. However, following the application of root zone cooling, many wilted plants that were burnt due to high temperatures above the plant surface remained. Therefore, effort is needed to improve the condition of the top of the plant, so that the growth of potato plants in the lowlands may be optimized. The results of some studies show that evaporative cooling can reduce the pressure of hot temperatures in the greenhouse and the area around the plant canopy. Therefore, integrated research on the aeroponic system for the application of root zone cooling and evaporative cooling is needed in order to improve the condition of the upper part of the plant. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of evaporative cooling on the growth and yield of aeroponic potato plants in the lowlands planted with the application of root zone cooling. The evaporative cooling technique used was cold water and cold airbursts, with a temperature of 25 °C. Nutrients were used at a concentration of 1-2 mS/cm and acidity of nutritional solutions of 6 (pH). Two types of evaporative cooling were applied: cold-water spray and cold air conditioning. Two varieties, genotype 007 and granola, were used. A split-plot, randomized complete design was employed with evaporative cooling as the main plot and potato variety as the subplot. Growth data were analyzed by the F test followed by the DMRT test at the 5% level of significance. From the results of this research, we conclude that the evaporative cooling system can provide a decrease in air temperature in lowland greenhouses. However, the optimal humidity and temperature for the growth and development of aeroponic potato plants in the lowlands were not achieved when the air temperature in the greenhouse was high. A burst of cold air creates a more even temperature and humidity compared with the evaporative spray of cold water. The humidity level inside a greenhouse that is not exposed to cold-water bursts (far from the plant area) reaches 42%. The difference in air humidity achieved with two different evaporative cooling methods reached 2% at 13.00 and 6% at 16.00. The application of evaporative cooling with bursts of cold air resulted in a higher number of tubers and higher tuber weight compared with evaporative cooling with bursts of cold water. The average number of tubers produced from the application of evaporative cooling with bursts of cold air was 19.3 crop bulbs, and the average tuber weight was 10.4 grams per tuber, while the application of evaporative cooling with cold water bursts resulted in an average of 9.4 crop bulbs and an average tuber weight of 6.3 grams per tuber. Keywords : aeroponics, potato seed, lowland, evaporative cooling, greenhouse, root zone cooling

Oil Palm and Rubber Tree Water Use Patterns: Effects of Topography and Flooding

Oil palm and rubber plantations extend over large areas and encompass heterogeneous site conditions. In periods of high rainfall, plants in valleys and at riparian sites are more prone to flooding than plants at elevated topographic positions. We asked to what extent topographic position and flooding affect oil palm and rubber tree water use patterns and thereby influence spatial and temporal heterogeneity of transpiration. In an undulating terrain in the lowlands of Jambi, Indonesia, plantations of the two species were studied in plot pairs consisting of upland and adjacent valley plots. All upland plots were non-flooded, whereas the corresponding valley plots included non-flooded, long-term flooded, and short-term flooded conditions. Within each plot pair, sap flux densities in palms or trees were monitored simultaneously with thermal dissipation probes. In plot pairs with non-flooded valleys, sap flux densities of oil palms were only slightly different between the topographic positions, whereas sap flux densities of rubber trees were higher in the valley than at the according upland site. In pairs with long-term flooded valleys, sap flux densities in valleys were lower than at upland plots for both species, but the reduction was far less pronounced in oil palms than in rubber trees (-22 and -45% in maximum sap flux density, respectively). At these long-term flooded valley plots palm and tree water use also responded less sensitively to fluctuations in micrometeorological variables than at upland plots. In short-term flooded valley plots, sap flux densities of oil palm were hardly affected by flooding, but sap flux densities of rubber trees were reduced considerably. Topographic position and flooding thus affected water use patterns in both oil palms and rubber trees, but the changes in rubber trees were much more pronounced: compared to non-flooded upland sites, the different flooding conditions at valley sites amplified the observed heterogeneity of plot mean water use by a factor of 2.4 in oil palm and by a factor of 4.2 in rubber plantations. Such strong differences between species as well as the pronounced heterogeneity of water use across space and time may be of relevance for eco-hydrological assessments of tropical plantation landscapes

Strawberry is a commercial fruit. It’s Growth and quality is influenced by soil condition, climate, and its self. Irrigation influences soil characteristic, such as: physical, chemical, and microbiological than influence an environment of its growth. this research used drip irrigation method with debit variation and organic matter composition. RCBD was used in this research. Variation of irrigation debit and organic matter composition are the independent variables, whereas dependent variables are C-Organic, N-available, characteristic of soil, and quality of strawberry fruit. Variation of debit irrigation did not significant influence to C-Organic, whereas organic matter composition had significant influence to C-Organic in 63th, 84th, and 105th day of planting. The highest C-Organic content on D3P3 treatment that is 17.92% and the lowest on D2P2 treatment that is 5.19%. Debit of irrigation influence to N-available content in 105th day of planting. The highest N-available content in D3P1 treatment that is 0.88 ppm, whereas the lowest N-available content in D2P3 treatment that is 0.67 ppm. Result of analysis, debit irrigation had significant influence and could increase fruit weight and reduction sugar-content. Organic matter composition had significant influence to increase fruit weight, vitamin C, total of soluble-solid, and reduction sugar-content. Combination of irrigation debit and organic matter composition had significant influence to fruit weight. In the treatment, debit ofirrigation that make good influence to fruit quality is 300 ml/day/polybag and 1:2 ratio of organic matter composition.Keywords: drip irrigation, organic matter, strawberryDiterima: 16 September 2008; Disetujui: 25 Pebruari 2009

Strawberry is a commercial fruit. It’s Growth and quality is influenced by soil condition, climate, and its self. Irrigation influences soil characteristic, such as: physical, chemical, and microbiological than influence an environment of its growth. this research used drip irrigation method with debit variation and organic matter composition. RCBD was used in this research. Variation of irrigation debit and organic matter composition are the independent variables, whereas dependent variables are C-Organic, N-available, characteristic of soil, and quality of strawberry fruit. Variation of debit irrigation did not significant influence to C-Organic, whereas organic matter composition had significant influence to C-Organic in 63th, 84th, and 105th day of planting. The highest C-Organic content on D3P3 treatment that is 17.92% and the lowest on D2P2 treatment that is 5.19%. Debit of irrigation influence to N-available content in 105th day of planting. The highest N-available content in D3P1 treatment that is 0.88 ppm, whereas the lowest N-available content in D2P3 treatment that is 0.67 ppm. Result of analysis, debit irrigation had significant influence and could increase fruit weight and reduction sugar-content. Organic matter composition had significant influence to increase fruit weight, vitamin C, total of soluble-solid, and reduction sugar-content. Combination of irrigation debit and organic matter composition had significant influence to fruit weight. In the treatment, debit ofirrigation that make good influence to fruit quality is 300 ml/day/polybag and 1:2 ratio of organic matter composition.Keywords: drip irrigation, organic matter, strawberryDiterima: 16 September 2008; Disetujui: 25 Pebruari 200