Efecto del sustrato Bocashi en el mejoramiento de la calidad de un suelo degradado en el Valle de Moche, Trujillo

El objetivo principal de la investigación se basó en preparar el sustrato Bocashi para determinar el efecto de éste en un suelo degradado en el Valle de Moche, que es una forma de agricultura orgánica a pequeña escala contribuyendo con el bienestar del medio ambiente y de la salud. El presente estudio contó con un diseño cuasi experimental con pre prueba y postprueba y grupos intactos (uno de ellos de testigo), donde se utilizó cuatro grupos experimentales (G4, G1, G2 y G3). Los tratamientos fueron establecidos de la siguiente manera: G4(2Kg Suelo), G1 (2Kg Suelo+ 1Kg SB), G2 (2Kg Suelo + 2kg SB) y G3 (2Kg Suelo+ 3Kg SB) y se sembró semillas de rabanito Crimson Giant, con el fin de determinar el rendimiento productivo, evaluando el N° Plantas/Tratamiento, g/Planta, g/Tratamiento y kg/ha y por ende como indicador de la calidad del suelo; así mismo se mandó analizar los siguientes parámetros para determinar la calidad del suelo siendo estos los siguientes: MO, P, K, pH, Conductividad eléctrica y CaCO 3. Los resultados obtenidos de la post prueba en el análisis de fertilidad determinó que los valores del G2(2Kg Suelo + 2kg SB) se encontraron dentro de los rangos adecuados así mismo los pesos (g/Planta) del mismo tratamiento se sometieron a un análisis de varianza ANOVA, presentando el mejor resultado con un promedio de 92.33 g/tratamiento y 4150 kg/ha en el rendimiento productivo del cultivo rabanito Crimson Giant siendo éste indicador de la calidad del suelo. Finalmente se concluyó qué: “El sustrato Bocashi causó un efecto de mejora en la calidad de suelos degradados en el Valle de Moche

Electronic structure and optical properties of Sn and SnGe quantum dots

Self-assembled quantum dots in a Si–Ge–Sn system attract research attention as possible direct band gap materials, compatible with Si-based technology, with potential applications in optoelectronics. In this work, the electronic structure near the point and interband optical matrix elements of strained Sn and SnGe quantum dots in a Si or Ge matrix are calculated using the eight-band k·p method, and the competing L-valley conduction band states were found by the effective mass method. The strain distribution in the dots was found with the continuum mechanical model. The parameters required for the k·p or effective mass calculation for Sn were extracted by fitting to the energy band structure calculated by the nonlocal empirical pseudopotential method. The calculations show that the self-assembled Sn/Si dots, sized between 4 and 12 nm, have indirect interband transition energies between 0.8 and 0.4 eV and direct interband transitions between 2.5 and 2.0 eV. In particular, the actually grown, approximately cylindrical Sn dots in Si with a diameter and height of about 5 nm are calculated to have an indirect transition (to the L valley) of about 0.7 eV, which agrees very well with experimental results. Similar good agreement with the experiment was also found for SnGe dots grown on Si. However, neither of these is predicted to be direct band gap materials, in contrast to some earlier expectations

Investigation of carrier confinement in direct bandgap GeSn/SiGeSn 2D and 0D heterostructures

Since the first demonstration of lasing in direct bandgap GeSn semiconductors, the research efforts for the realization of electrically pumped group IV lasers monolithically integrated on Si have significantly intensified. This led to epitaxial studies of GeSn/SiGeSn hetero- and nanostructures, where charge carrier confinement strongly improves the radiative emission properties. Based on recent experimental literature data, in this report we discuss the advantages of GeSn/SiGeSn multi quantum well and quantum dot structures, aiming to propose a roadmap for group IV epitaxy. Calculations based on 8-band k∙p and effective mass method have been performed to determine band discontinuities, the energy difference between Γ- and L-valley conduction band edges, and optical properties such as material gain and optical cross section. The effects of these parameters are systematically analyzed for an experimentally achievable range of Sn (10 to 20 at.%) and Si (1 to 10 at.%) contents, as well as strain values (−1 to 1%). We show that charge carriers can be efficiently confined in the active region of optical devices for experimentally acceptable Sn contents in both multi quantum well and quantum dot configurations

Enhanced production considering temperature effects on new hybridomas for bovine natural killer cell monoclonal antibodies

Demand for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has led to the improvement of mammalian cell culture processes taking into account reactor design and specific mAb production rate of the cell line. The creation of a continuous centrifugal bioreactor (CCBR) allows for increased volumetric productivity by maintaining a high density cell culture, 108 cells/mL, while lowering the cell culture temperature increases the specific mAb production rate. This thesis contains a manuscript prepared for submission to Journal of Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology in which I describe the creation of new hybridoma cell lines secreting mAb to bovine natural killer (NK) cells. The recent development of a mAb to the bovine orthologue of the activating NK receptor NKp46 allowed us to develop a flow cytometric method for clustering and characterizing additional mAbs reactive with bovine NK cells. Cluster 1 mAbs, NK64A and NK93A, recognize an orthologue of the stress protein gp96 expressed on NK cells and granulocytes. Cluster 2 mAbs, NK29A, NK42A, NK47A, NK86A, NK134A, and NK137A, recognize a yet undetermined molecule expressed on activated NK cells and subsets of [alpha][Beta] and [gamma][delta] T cells. The NK64A hybridoma was utilized in studies of the effect of cell culture temperature on cell growth and specific mAb production using the CCBR and a kinetic model for predicting glucose, ammonium, lactate, and mAb concentrations. Batch studies were performed at temperatures of 31, 33, 35, 37, and 39°C; and for the temperature range 35 to 39°C it was found that the growth rate was essentially constant, 0.052 hr-1 ± 0.001, but decreased to 0.036 hr-1 for 33°C and 0.026 hr-1 for 31°C. The specific mAb production rate increased by 120% at 33°C and 100% at 31°C compared to 37°C. Culture of the NK64A hybridoma in the CCBR at 37 and 33°C resulted in decreased growth rates compared to batch studies, 0.0039 hr-1 and 0.011 hr-1 respectively, indicating cell density inhibition for this cell line. Yield coefficients were adjusted to improve fit of the kinetic model to the CCBR data. These results indicate the need to study each cell line in order to determine the optimum cell culture conditions

Growth and Characterization of Manganese Doped Galium Arsenide Thin Films

Devices which rely on spin for performing their functions form the foundation of a new field of electronics called spintronics. In the present work growth and characterization of manganese doped gallium arsenide thin films is discussed. An MBE system, subsequently a Hall Effect characterization system including an electromagnet was set up. GaAs films with various Ga to As ratios were grown at low temperature and high As ratios were used as the basis of growth for Mn doped GaAs thin films. Van der Pauw Hall Effect and resistivity measurements of these films were done for determining the electrical properties. These results demonstrate the expected behaviour of Mn in GaAs, and serve as an indication for future research directions

Explicit, approximate expressions for the resolution and a posteriori covariance of massive tomographic problems, Geophys

S U M M A RY We present an approximate method to estimate the resolution, covariance and correlation matrix for linear tomographic systems Ax~b that are too large to be solved by singular value decomposition. An explicit expression for the approximate inverse matrix A { is found using one-step backprojections on the Penrose condition AA { &I, from which we calculate the statistical properties of the solution. The computation of A { can easily be parallelized, each column being constructed independently. The method is validated on small systems for which the exact covariance can still be computed with singular value decomposition. Though A { is not accurate enough to actually compute the solution x, the qualitative agreement obtained for resolution and covariance is su¤cient for many purposes, such as rough assessment of model precision or the reparametrization of the model by the grouping of correlating parameters. We present an example for the computation of the complete covariance matrix of a very large (69 043|9610) system with 5X9|10 6 non-zero elements in A. Computation time is proportional to the number of non-zero elements in A. If the correlation matrix is computed for the purpose of reparametrization by combining highly correlating unknowns x i , a further gain in e¤ciency can be obtained by neglecting the small elements in A, but a more accurate estimation of the correlation requires a full treatment of even the smaller A ij . We ¢nally develop a formalism to compute a damped version of A {

Efecto del sustrato Bocashi en el mejoramiento de la calidad de un suelo degradado en el Valle de Moche, Trujillo

El objetivo principal de la investigación se basó en preparar el sustrato Bocashi para determinar el efecto de éste en un suelo degradado en el Valle de Moche, que es una forma de agricultura orgánica a pequeña escala contribuyendo con el bienestar del medio ambiente y de la salud. El presente estudio contó con un diseño cuasi experimental con pre prueba y postprueba y grupos intactos (uno de ellos de testigo), donde se utilizó cuatro grupos experimentales (G4, G1, G2 y G3). Los tratamientos fueron establecidos de la siguiente manera: G4(2Kg Suelo), G1 (2Kg Suelo+ 1Kg SB), G2 (2Kg Suelo + 2kg SB) y G3 (2Kg Suelo+ 3Kg SB) y se sembró semillas de rabanito Crimson Giant, con el fin de determinar el rendimiento productivo, evaluando el N° Plantas/Tratamiento, g/Planta, g/Tratamiento y kg/ha y por ende como indicador de la calidad del suelo; así mismo se mandó analizar los siguientes parámetros para determinar la calidad del suelo siendo estos los siguientes: MO, P, K, pH, Conductividad eléctrica y CaCO 3. Los resultados obtenidos de la post prueba en el análisis de fertilidad determinó que los valores del G2(2Kg Suelo + 2kg SB) se encontraron dentro de los rangos adecuados así mismo los pesos (g/Planta) del mismo tratamiento se sometieron a un análisis de varianza ANOVA, presentando el mejor resultado con un promedio de 92.33 g/tratamiento y 4150 kg/ha en el rendimiento productivo del cultivo rabanito Crimson Giant siendo éste indicador de la calidad del suelo. Finalmente se concluyó qué: “El sustrato Bocashi causó un efecto de mejora en la calidad de suelos degradados en el Valle de Moche

EFIKASI MIKROORGANISME LOKAL LIMBAH ORGANIK SEBAGAI BIOFERTILIZER ALTERNATIF DALAM MEMACU PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN

Salah satu aspek penting dalam budidaya tanaman adalah pemupukan. Pemupukan yang baik dan berimbang akan berdampak positif bagi kelangsungan tanaman. Penggunaan mikroorganisme lokal ekstrak daging keong mas pada media air kelapa, sebagai pupuk alternatif adalah bentuk teknologi tepat guna dalam mendukung konsep pertanian terpadu dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan produk formula mikroorganisme lokal ekstrak daging keong mas pada media air kelapa, yang mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan, yang terdiri atas kontrol positif (NPK Mutiara), Kontrol negatif (akuades) dan 3 perlakuan penyiraman dengan formula MOL. Indikator pertumbuhan tanaman yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar, diameter batang, berat basah dan kering tanaman. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara sidik ragam menggunakan aplikasi statistik 8, jika berbeda nyata maka akan diuji lanjut menggunakan LSD pada taraf 5%. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan introduksi MOL ekstrak keong mas pada media air kelapa berbagai konsentrasi, mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Masing-masing perlakuan memberikan efek yang berbeda dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan. Analisis sidik ragam terhadap efektivitas Mol ekstrak keong mas pada media air kelapa berbagai konsentrasi sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan, didapatkan perlakuan B (konsentrasi 5%) sebagai perlakuan terbaik. Hal ini terbukti dari kemampuan konsentrasi tersebut dalam meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, panjang akar, berat kering dan basah tanaman tanaman mentimun. Oleh karena itu, perlakuan tersebut berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai biofertilizer, pengganti pupuk kimia sintetis dalam memacu pertumbuhan tanaman dan pemenuhan kebutuhan pemupukan.Salah satu aspek penting dalam budidaya tanaman adalah pemupukan. Pemupukan yang baik dan berimbang akan berdampak positif bagi kelangsungan tanaman. Penggunaan mikroorganisme lokal ekstrak daging keong mas pada media air kelapa, sebagai pupuk alternatif adalah bentuk teknologi tepat guna dalam mendukung konsep pertanian terpadu dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan produk formula mikroorganisme lokal ekstrak daging keong mas pada media air kelapa, yang mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan, yang terdiri atas kontrol positif (NPK Mutiara), Kontrol negatif (akuades) dan 3 perlakuan penyiraman dengan formula MOL. Indikator pertumbuhan tanaman yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar, diameter batang, berat basah dan kering tanaman. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara sidik ragam menggunakan aplikasi statistik 8, jika berbeda nyata maka akan diuji lanjut menggunakan LSD pada taraf 5%. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan introduksi MOL ekstrak keong mas pada media air kelapa berbagai konsentrasi, mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Masing-masing perlakuan memberikan efek yang berbeda dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan. Analisis sidik ragam terhadap efektivitas Mol ekstrak keong mas pada media air kelapa berbagai konsentrasi sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan, didapatkan perlakuan B (konsentrasi 5%) sebagai perlakuan terbaik. Hal ini terbukti dari kemampuan konsentrasi tersebut dalam meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, panjang akar, berat kering dan basah tanaman tanaman mentimun. Oleh karena itu, perlakuan tersebut berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai biofertilizer, pengganti pupuk kimia sintetis dalam memacu pertumbuhan tanaman dan pemenuhan kebutuhan pemupukan. Kata kunci: biofertilizer, limbah organik cair, mikroorganisme lokal, pertumbuhan tanaman