Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Age of the Patient and the Mandibular Trabecular Bone Structure Through Dental Cone Beam Tomographic Images by Means of a Convolutional Neural Network

 Osteoporosis is a systemic condition that affects bone mineral density in individuals, affecting mainly women and is diagnosed by DXA examination. The research used 137 cone beam tomography scans, from which 1389 mandibles samples from female patients and 633 from male patients were selected for CNN training, which is composed of 3 dense layers with 100 neurons each and Relu activation function, update of weights by the Adam algorithm, using MaxPooling in each convolution; the dense layer uses 100 neurons, with the activation function. The neural network training accuracy was 98% for males and 94% for females, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) equal to 0.94 and 0.81 for the respective genders. The accuracy obtained in validating the CNN was 98% for males and 89% for females. In the supervised test, using 5 cuts from 10 exams of the test set of each sex; approximately 100% accuracy was obtained for both sexes. Thus, it is concluded that the proposed model is capable of classifying the samples in the proposed age groups and proved to be robust and solid in the tests

Necessidade odontológica de um paciente portador de esclerose múltipla: relato de caso clínico / Dentistry care of patient multiple sclerosis: case report

A esclerose múltipla apresenta uma série de sintomas que podem contribuir para a redução da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, como parestesias de lábios, dormências, nevralgia de trigêmeo, que juntamente com uma incapacidade motora, dificulta o exercício do autocuidado da cavidade oral, bem como o uso de drogas no tratamento da doença, que contribuem para ocorrência de alterações no paladar e na taxa de produção ou secreção de saliva. Diante disto, ha necessidade da introdução de novos profissionais, como da odontologia, que acompanhem esses pacientes. O paciente portador de esclerose múltipla há nove anos, do gênero masculino, o qual faz uso de Figolimode (0,5 mg/dia) e já havia realizado quimioterapia como tratamento alternativo. Relatou ter hepatite e ser ex fumante. Na avaliação geral, percebeu-se uma incapacidade motora. No exame clínico verificou-se lesões cariosas, restauração infiltrada, presença de raiz residual, cálculo supra gengival, ausência de elementos dentários, além da limitação de abertura bucal, sendo realizado terapia periodontal básica e procedimentos cirúrgicos-restauradoresalém da orientação sobre a necessidade de consultas periódicas ao dentista. Diante da complexidade do tratamento de um paciente com EM juntamente com as conseqüências geradas pela sintomatologia, medicação e dificuldades de autocuidado, existe a necessidade de um atendimento especializado em odontologia visando melhorar a qualidade de vida dos portadores dessa doença

Characterization of bone cells obtained from the calvaria of neonatal rats (osteo-1) after serial subculture

The objective of the present study was to characterize bone cells grown in two culture media, and to determine the effective concentration of OP-1 on the growth of osteo-1 cells. Subcultured rat bone cells (osteo-1) were grown in alpha-modified Eagle's minimal essential medium (alpha-MEM) and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and total protein content, alkaline phosphatase activity and the formation of mineralized nodules were evaluated after 7, 14 and 21 days. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of rhOP-1 for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days and compared with an untreated control. Osteo-1 cells presented a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposits were observed at 21 days. Cells treated with 10 and 20 ng/mL rhOP-1 for 24 h showed a significant increase in cell viability when compared to control. Osteo-1 cells cultured on DMEM demonstrated an osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by high alkaline phosphatase activity and the presence of calcified nodules. The results suggest that low concentrations of OP-1 may promote an osteogenic effect on osteo-1 cells

Prevalência da doença periodontal em pacientes cardiopatas

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a condição periodontal de pacientes com alterações cardiovasculares, a fim de se verificar a associação entre doença cardíaca e doença periodontal. Sessenta e dois pacientes foram encaminhados de hospitais da cidade de Cascavel e ambulatórios de cardiologia (5 a 78 anos, média de idade 52 anos). Os seguintes parâmetros periodontais foram avaliados: índice de placa, índice gengival, profundidade de sondagem e dentes perdidos. Uma análise preliminar deste estudo relacionando saúde dental e médica mostra que indivíduos com doença cardíaca apresentam alta morbidade dentária. A condição periodontal da maioria dos pacientes foi clinicamente diagnosticada como gengivite e periodontite moderada e pobre higiene bucal

Análise da rugosidade de superfície obtida pela usinagem de implantes

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia.Com o propósito de produzir rugosidade de superfície em implantes odontológicos utilizou-se usinagem através de torneamento cilíndrico. Alterou-se um dos parâmetros de corte, o avanço da ferramenta (f), obtendo, desta forma, quatro grupos: grupo 1 - implante com f=0.05mm; grupo 2 - implante com f=0.1mm; grupo 3 - implante com f=0.13mm e grupo 4 - implante com f=0.15mm. A medição da rugosidade produzida pelo torneamento do implante foi obtida utilizando rugosímetro de contato mecânico. Alterações no avanço da ferramenta modificaram a rugosidade de superfície significantemente em todos os grupos (p < 0,0001). Os valores médios Ra (parâmetro de rugosidade) foram: grupo 1 - 0.588mm (s=0.210); grupo 2 - 1.400mm (s=0.131); grupo 3 - 2.288mm (s=0.008) e grupo 4 - 3.263mm (s=0.141). Acredita-se hoje, baseado na literatura que a rugosidade adequada encontra-se em torno de 1 e 2mm, valores estes obtidos nos grupos 2 e 3 deste estudo

Influence of different titanium surface on the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells cultured in the presence or absence of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência das características química e de rugosidade da superfície de titânio sobre a adesão, proliferação e diferenciação de células semelhantes aos osteoblastos de rato (Osteo-1), cultivados em meio de cultura adicionado de BMP-7. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Células Osteo-1 foram cultivadas sobre discos de titânio com superfícies:1) lisa, 2) jateada por areia de grânulos grandes e atacada por ácido (SLA) e 3) rugosa SLA e quimicamente modificada e hidrofílica (SLAactive) na presença ou ausência de 20ng/ml de rhBMP- 7 no meio de cultura. A adesão e viabilidade das células Osteo-1 foram analisadas após 24 horas de contato com as superfícies em estudo. A diferenciação celular foi avaliada através da análise do conteúdo de proteína total (PT), conteúdo de colágeno, atividade de fosfatase alcalina (ALPase), em 7, 14 e 21 dias, e da formação de matriz mineralizada, em 21 dias. Os resultados foram comparados pela análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey. RESULTADOS: A adesão (p=0.3485) e a viabilidade (p=0.5516) celular, o conteúdo de colágeno (p=0.1165) e a formação de matriz mineralizada (p=0.5319) não foram afetados pelas diferentes superfícies ou pela adição de rhBMP-7 ao meio. Células Osteo-1 cultivadas sobre superfície SLA apresentaram um aumento significativo no conteúdo de proteína total aos 21 dias. A relação atividade de ALPase/PT (p=0.0000) foi afetada pelos tratamento e tempo. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a adição de rhBMP- 7 ao meio de cultura não promoveu efeito sobre a adesão, proliferação e diferenciação de células semelhantes a osteoblastos nas diferentes superfícies testadas. Todas as superfícies de titânio testadas permitiram uma completa expressão do fenótipo de osteoblasto como a mineralização da matriz pela célula Osteo-1.The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of the chemical characteristics and roughness of titanium surfaces on the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells cultured in medium supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7). METHODS: Osteo-1 cells were grown on titanium discs presenting the following surfaces: 1) machined surface, 2) coarse gritblasted and acid-etched (SLA), and 3) modified SLA (SLAactive) in the absence or presence of 20 ng/ml rhBMP-7 in culture medium. The attachment and viability of osteo-1 cells were evaluated after 24 h. Cell differentiation was evaluated by analysis of total protein content (TP), collagen content and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity at 7, 14 and 21 days and of mineralized matrix formation at 21 days. The results were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey\'s test. RESULTS: Cell attachment (p=0.3485), cell viability (p=0.5516), collagen content (p=0.1165) and mineralized matrix formation (p=0.5319) were not affected by the different surfaces or by the addition of rhBMP-7 to the medium. Osteo-1 cells cultured on SLA surface presented a significant increase in TP at 21 days. The ALPase/TP ratio (p=0.0000) was affected by treatment and time. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the addition of rhBMP-7 to the culture medium did not promote any effect on the adhesion, proliferation or differentiation of osteoblast-like cells grown on the different surfaces tested. All titanium surfaces analyzed permitted the complete expression of the osteoblast phenotype such as matrix mineralization by osteo-1 cells

Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Age of the Patient and the Mandibular Trabecular Bone Structure Through Dental Cone Beam Tomographic Images by Means of a Convolutional Neural Network

 Osteoporosis is a systemic condition that affects bone mineral density in individuals, affecting mainly women and is diagnosed by DXA examination. The research used 137 cone beam tomography scans, from which 1389 mandibles samples from female patients and 633 from male patients were selected for CNN training, which is composed of 3 dense layers with 100 neurons each and Relu activation function, update of weights by the Adam algorithm, using MaxPooling in each convolution; the dense layer uses 100 neurons, with the activation function. The neural network training accuracy was 98% for males and 94% for females, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) equal to 0.94 and 0.81 for the respective genders. The accuracy obtained in validating the CNN was 98% for males and 89% for females. In the supervised test, using 5 cuts from 10 exams of the test set of each sex; approximately 100% accuracy was obtained for both sexes. Thus, it is concluded that the proposed model is capable of classifying the samples in the proposed age groups and proved to be robust and solid in the tests

Peri-implant evaluation of osseointegrated implants subjected to orthodontic forces: results after three years of functional loading

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to clinically and radiographically assess the peri-implant conditions of implants used as orthodontic anchorage. Methods: Two groups were studied: 1) a test group in which osseointegrated implants were used as orthodontic anchorage, with the application of 200-cN force; and 2) a control group in which implants were not subjected to orthodontic force, but supported a screw-retained prosthesis. Clinical evaluations were performed three, six and nine months after prosthesis installation and 1- and 3-year follow-up examinations. Intraoral periapical radiographs were obtained 30 days after surgical implant placement, at the time of prosthesis installation, and one, two and three years thereafter. The results were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in clinical probing depth (p = 0.1078) or mesial and distal crestal bone resorption (p = 0.1832) during the study period. After three years of follow-up, the mean probing depth was 2.21 mm for the control group and 2.39 mm for the test group. The implants of the control group showed a mean distance between the bone crest and implant shoulder of 2.39 mm, whereas the implants used as orthodontic anchorage showed a mean distance of 2.58 mm at the distal site. Conclusion: Results suggest that the use of stable intraoral orthodontic anchorage did not compromise the health of peri-implant tissues or the longevity of the implant