Metabolic profiling and antibacterial activity of Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. - prospecting for its use in the treatment of bacterial infections

Morbidity and mortality of the infected patients by multidrug-resistant bacteria have increased, emphasizing the urgency of fi ght for the discovery of new innovative antibiotics. In this sense, natural products emerge as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. Among the biodiversity, Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. (Apiaceae Lindl.) is traditionally used to treat thrush and ulcers of throat and mouth, as diuretic and emmenagogue, but scarcely known as an antimicrobial agent. With this context in mind, the goals of this study were to investigate the metabolic profi le and the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract (EE-Ep) and hexane (HF-Ep), dichloromethane (DF-Ep), ethyl acetate (EAF-Ep) and butanol (BF-Ep) fractions from E. pristis leaves. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to stablish the metabolic profi le and revealed the presence of 12 and 14 compounds in EAF-Ep and HF-Ep, respectively. β-selinene, spathulenol, globulol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and lupeol derivative were some of phytochemicals identifi ed. The antibacterial activity was determined by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) using the broth micro-dilution against eight ATCC® and fi ve methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical strains. HF-Ep was the most eff ective (MIC ≤ 5,000 μg/μL), being active against the largest part of tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, including MRSA, with exception of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and (ATCC 27853). These results suggest that E. pristis is a natural source of bioactive compounds for the search of new antibiotics which can be an interesting therapeutic approach to recover patients mainly infected by MRSA strains.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Metabolic profiling and antibacterial activity of Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. - prospecting for its use in the treatment of bacterial infections

Morbidity and mortality of the infected patients by multidrug-resistant bacteria have increased, emphasizing the urgency of fi ght for the discovery of new innovative antibiotics. In this sense, natural products emerge as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. Among the biodiversity, Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. (Apiaceae Lindl.) is traditionally used to treat thrush and ulcers of throat and mouth, as diuretic and emmenagogue, but scarcely known as an antimicrobial agent. With this context in mind, the goals of this study were to investigate the metabolic profi le and the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract (EE-Ep) and hexane (HF-Ep), dichloromethane (DF-Ep), ethyl acetate (EAF-Ep) and butanol (BF-Ep) fractions from E. pristis leaves. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to stablish the metabolic profi le and revealed the presence of 12 and 14 compounds in EAF-Ep and HF-Ep, respectively. β-selinene, spathulenol, globulol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and lupeol derivative were some of phytochemicals identifi ed. The antibacterial activity was determined by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) using the broth micro-dilution against eight ATCC® and fi ve methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical strains. HF-Ep was the most eff ective (MIC ≤ 5,000 μg/μL), being active against the largest part of tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, including MRSA, with exception of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and (ATCC 27853). These results suggest that E. pristis is a natural source of bioactive compounds for the search of new antibiotics which can be an interesting therapeutic approach to recover patients mainly infected by MRSA strains.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Linfocintigrafia na Detecção de Quilotórax – A Propósito de um Caso Clínico

Mulher de 24 anos, com diagnóstico de quilotórax persistente à esquerda. Foi realizada linfocintigrafia e SPECT/CT, que mostrou hiperactividade no hemitórax esquerdo, com maior extensão basal posterior, que correspondeu à origem da fuga. Este caso clínico mostra que a linfocintigrafia SPECT/CT pode apontar para o local da fuga e volume da mesma, sendo uma mais-valia para a orientação terapêutica, nomeadamente a programação pré-operatória

Número de bolos ruminais e mastigação merícica de ovinos recebendo dieta a base de palma forrageira e fenos de Atriplex: Number of ruminal bolus and mericics mastications of sheep receiving diets the base spineless cactus by saltbush hay

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da substituição da palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus-indica, Mill) por feno de erva sal (Atriplex nummularia Lind.) e farelo de milho sobre o número de bolos ruminais e variáveis da mastigação merícica de ovinos. Os níveis de substituição foram: 0,0; 15,3; 35,3; 62,9 e 100%. Foram utilizados cinco carneiros adultos, fistulados no rúmen, com peso vivo médio de 65 ± 2 kg; alojados em baias individuais, distribuídos em um delineamento quadrado latino 5 x 5 (5 dietas x 5 períodos). O número de bolos ruminados, tempo de mastigação merícica por bolo ruminal (MMtb) e número de mastigação merícica por bolo (MMnb) foram influenciados significativamente (P<0,05) pelo aumento no nível de substituição, ao contrário da mastigação merícica por minuto e número de mastigação merícica. Os resultados demonstraram que a substituição da palma forrageira modifica o número de bolos ruminados durante o dia, bem como algumas das variáveis da mastigação merícica

MORTALIDADE EM CRIANÇAS MENORES DE 10 ANOS NO MARANHÃO / MORTALITY IN CHILDREN UNDER 10 YEARS OLD IN MARANHÃO, BRAZIL

Introdução: A mortalidade infantil é reconhecida como um indicador importante por descrever determinados atributos e dimensões do estado de saúde de uma população, bem como do desempenho do sistema de saúde. Objetivos: Caracterizar a mortalidade em crianças menores de 10 anos no Maranhão nos anos de 2002 a 2011. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados coletados foram obtidos por meio da Declaração de Óbito de crianças na faixa etária de 0 à 9 anos, 11 meses e 29 dias contida no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. Resultados: A população foi composta por 28.870 registros de óbito. A maioria dos óbitos correspondeu a menores de 1 ano. As principais causas de óbitos foram: sintomas, sinais e achados anormais (72,4%), transtornos respiratórios e cardiovasculares (20,7%), malformação congênita e deformidades (10,5%), doenças infecciosas e parasitarias (10,1%), infecções perinatais (6,4%), causas externas (5,4%), feto e RN afetados por fatores maternos (4,7%) e parto (4,6%). Conclusões: A mortalidade em menores de 10 anos ainda hoje causa preocupação ao governo e no âmbito hospitalar por ser considerado um problema de saúde no país, tendo em vista que atualmente ainda não se conseguiu a redução satisfatória desse indicador no Estado do Maranhão, que ainda apresenta um número de óbitos elevado se comparado a outros estados da região Nordeste.Palavras-chave: Mortalidade da Criança. Causa básica de morte. Declaração de óbito.AbstractIntroduction: Infant mortality is recognized as an important indicator to describe certain attributes and dimensions of the health status of a population, besides describing health system performance. Objectives: To describe mortality in children under 10 years old in Maranhão, Brazil, between 2002 and 2011. Methods: The method consisted of a retrospective descriptive study with quantitative approach. Data were obtained from death certificates of children aged between 0 and 9 years, 11 months and 29 days old contained in the SIM. Results: The study population comprised 28,870 death records. Most deaths accounted for children younger than 1 year old. The main death causes were abnormal symptoms and signs (72.4%), respiratory and cardiovascular disorders (20.74%), congenital malformations and deformities (10.53%), infectious and parasitic diseases (10.12%), perinatal infections (6.47%), external causes (5.47%), fetus and newborn affected by maternal factors (4.79%) and childbirth duration (4.64%). Conclusions: Mortality in children under 10 years old still causes concern to the government and hospitals and is considered a health problem in the country, as the satisfactory reduction of this indicator in the state of Maranhão has not been achieved yet. Maranhão still has a high number of deaths compared to other states in the Brazilian Northeast region.Keywords: Child Mortality. Underlying Cause of Death. Death Certificates

Otimização e validação intralaboratorial de método analítico por CLAE/UV para identificação e quantificação de p-fenilenodiamina em tinturas de hena para cabelos e sobrancelhas

Introduction: p-Phenylenediamine (PPD), aromatic sensitizing amine, has been added to  henna powder to modify its natural color to black, increasing its fixation time, a practice  that is prohibited in eyelash and eyebrows dyes. Objective: The objective of this study was to optimize and validate, at an intra-laboratory level, an analytical method by HPLC/UV for identification and quantification of PPD in hen dyes for hair and eyebrows. Method: In the method, C8 reverse phase column, mobile phase 1% triethanolamine (pH 8.4) andacetonitrile (99: 1, v/v), detection 280nm, injection volume: 10uL, flow 1.0 mL/min, column temperature 32°C, run time 10 min, linearity 5-45 μg/mL (n = 5) with correlation coefficient 0.9982, were used. For Cochran test (homoscedasticity): 0.3350 and Critical (0.3934) with 99% confidence. Limits of detection 1.17 μg/mL and quantification 3.54 μg/mL. The coefficient of variation of repeatability was 0.12% and the intermediate precision by F-test yielded p value of 0.283 with 95% of confidence. Accuracy results comprised acceptance criteria of 90%-107%. Results: Of the 19 analyzed samples, 14 presented PPD content between 1.74 and 3.65% w/w, in disagreement with Legislation. Conclusions: The proposed method can contribute to monitoring of quality and safety of use of these products.Introdução: O p-fenilenodiamina (PPD), amina aromática sensibilizante, vem sendo adicionado ao pó de hena para modificar sua cor natural para preta, aumentando seu tempo de fixação, prática proibida em tinturas para cílios e sobrancelhas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi otimizar e validar, em níveis intralaboratoriais, um método analítico por CLAE/UV para identificação e quantificação de PPD em tinturas de hena para cabelos e sobrancelhas. Método: Foi utilizada coluna em fase reversa C8, fase móvel trietanolamina 1% (pH 8,4) e acetonitrila (99:1, v/v), detecção a 280 nm, volume de injeção de 10 μL, fluxo 1,0 mL/min, temperatura da coluna32°C, tempo de corrida 10 min, linearidade 5-45 μg/mL (n = 5) com coeficiente de correlação de 0,9982. Para o teste de Cochran (homocedasticidade), 0,3350 e o Ccrítico (0,3934), com 99% de confiança. Limites de detecção, 1,17 μg/mL e quantificação, 3,54 μg/mL. O coeficiente de variação da repetibilidade 0,12% e na precisão intermediária pelo teste F obteve-se p-valor de 0,283 com 95% de confiança. Resultados: Os resultados da exatidão compreenderam os critérios de aceitação (90%-107%). Das 19 amostras analisadas, 14 apresentaram teor de PPD entre 1,74% a 3,65% p/p, em desacordo com a Legislação. Conclusões: O método proposto poderá contribuir com o monitoramento da qualidade e segurança de uso destes produtos

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children and adolescents with acute myeloid leukemia in Brazil : a multicentric retrospective study

The survival rates of children with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) range from 60% to 70% in high-income countries. The corresponding rate for Brazilian children with AML who undergo HSCT is unknown. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 114 children with AML who underwent HSCT between 2008 and 2012 at institutions participating in the Brazilian Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Working Group. At transplant, 38% of the children were in first complete remission (CR1), 37% were in CR2, and 25% were in CR3þ or had persistent disease. The donors included 49 matched-related, 59 matched-unrelated, and six haploidentical donors. The most frequent source of cells was bone marrow (69%), followed by the umbilical cord (19%) and peripheral blood (12%). The 4-year overall survival was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30%–57%), and the 4-year progression-free survival was 40% (95% CI 30%–49%). Relapse occurred in 49 patients, at a median of 122 days after HSCT. There were 65 deaths: 40 related to AML, 19 to infection, and six to graft versus host disease. In conclusion, our study suggests that HSCT outcomes for children with AML in CR1 or CR2 are acceptable and that this should be considered in the overall treatment planning for children with AML in Brazil. Therapeutic standardization through the adoption of multicentric protocols and appropriate supportive care treatment will have a significant impact on the results of HSCT for AML in Brazil and possibly in other countries with limited resources

Pediatric tuberculosis in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro

Aim: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approach, and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in children living in a high-burden metropolitan area. Methods: This was a retrospective study, based on a medical chart review, involving children under 15 years old treated for TB between 2007 and 2016, in four primary health units (PHU) and three reference centers (RC) in five cities of Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. Factors associated with TB treatment setting, microbiological diagnosis, and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Results: A total of 544 children were enrolled; 71% were treated in PHU, 36% were under 5 years old, and 72% had pulmonary TB (PTB). The HIV prevalence was 10% (31/322). Fifty-three percent had at least one microbiological test for TB, 68% of them (196/287) had TB confirmed. Among 222 children with previous TB contact, information on LTBI was available for 78 (35%), and only 17% (13/78) were treated. Extrapulmonary TB (56% vs 32%), microbiologically confirmed TB (77% vs 60%), and HIV positivity (18.5% vs 4.0%) were significantly more frequent in RC. Treatment in RC (odds ratio (OR) 3.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.74–5.44) and PTB (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.34–4.56) were independently associated with a microbiological diagnosis of TB. The treatment success rate was 85%. In the logistic regression analysis, HIV-infected children had a 2.5-fold higher risk of an unfavorable outcome (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.0–6.38; p = 0.05). Conclusions: Opportunities for TB prevention and early TB treatment are missed due to suboptimal close contact screening. Microbiological diagnosis of TB and drug susceptibility testing in children should be made available through more sensitive and accessible tests