Changes in triacylglycerols and free fatty acids composition during storage of roasted coffee

AbstractLipids are major coffee components, and changes in their composition during storage may contribute to loss of sensorial quality. In this study, changes in the triacylglycerols (TAG) and free fatty acids (FFA) composition of Coffea arabica seeds roasted to two color degrees (light medium and dark medium) were evaluated during storage for 6 months, under two temperature (5 °C and 25 °C) and atmosphere (air and N2) conditions. For the first time, hydrolysis of TAG fraction was observed during storage of roasted coffee, with increases in FFA, after 1 month storage, from 0.4 to 93.5 mg/100 g in light-medium samples and from non-detected to 1.1 mg/100 g in dark-medium samples. After 3 months storage, 20% and 13% decreases in FFA from light-medium and dark-medium samples, respectively, were observed, suggesting oxidation. The N2 atmosphere contributed to a slower loss of FFA. In the same way, at 5 °C, lower release of FFA was observed compared to 25 °C. Considering the inversion in the unsaturated FA (UFA) and saturated FA (SFA) contents observed in the dark-medium sample, the present results also show that the ratio Σ UFA/SFA, in TAG and AGL fractions might potentially be used as a tool to establish the shelf life of roasted coffee

Length-Weight Relationship, Condition Factor and Feeding Habit of Fishes from Mangrove of Santubong Estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia

Length-weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (K) and feeding habits of Coilia dussumieri, Nemapteryx nengaand Nibea soldadofrom Santubong Estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia were reported in the present study. The sampling was conducted during the non-monsoon season and monsoon season from April to November 2017 at Buntal, Penambir and Demak rivers using three-layered gillnets. A total of 182 fish samples were caught and measured for the total length and body weight. Then, the data were analysed by the equations for LWR and K. The feeding behaviour analysis was carried out using Relative Gut Index (RGI) and Frequency of Food Occurrence method. The log-transformed regression showed that most of the fishes exhibited negative allometric. K showed a significant difference between seasons. The RGI values of the fishes showed that they were carnivorous. The highest frequency of food occurrence in both seasons was gastropods (94-95%) and the food items were found to be more variable during monsoon season (gastropodsinsect, worms, fish, asteroidea, phytoplankton and bivalve). The b value is an exponent to measure the growth pattern of fish and in this study, the b values were in the expected range of 2.5-3.5 and not affected by seasonal variation. The K values suggesting that most of the species were surviving well in the river and was influenced by seasonal change. The RGI and frequency of food occurrence showed that all fish in this study species were carnivorous with more variability in food was observed during themonsoon season. The data of this study are important for a sustainable fisheries management in this area

Fundamentos da Fisioterapia dermato-funcional: revisão de literatura

Aesthetic physical therapy (which in Portuguese has been renamed“dermatho-functional”) has recently gotten more attention. In view of abetter definition of the area, this paper reviews related literature to listpathologies that the physical therapist can treat – such as cellulitis, stretchmarks, obesity, lymphedema, burn care, hypertrophic scar and keloids,flaccid skin and muscles, and local fat accumulation – as well as theresources used for treating and preventing such pathologies, most of whichare common to the physical therapist practice. Since this is a new area,research is still to be done in order to better ground the use of resources andtechniques by physiotherapists, thus allowing for further interaction of thisarea to others, such as orthopedic or respiratory physical therapy.A fisioterapia estética, recentemente renomeada como fisioterapia dermato-funcional, está cada vez mais em evidência. Afim de melhor definir essa área de atuação profissional, procedeu-se a uma revisão bibliográfica das patologias nas quais o fisioterapeuta pode atuar, como fibroedema gelóide (celulite), estrias, linfedema, no pré e pós-operatório de cirurgia plástica, queimaduras, cicatrizes hipertróficas e quelóides, flacidez, obesidade e lipodistrofia localizada. Apresentam-se também os recursos que podem ser utilizados para tratamento e prevenção dessas patologias, sendo muitos deles já de uso rotineiro na fisioterapia. Sendo esse campo recente, ainda há muito a ser explorado e novas pesquisas devem ser realizadas na busca de evidências científicas para o melhor embasamento dos recursos e técnicas disponíveis ao fisioterapeuta, possibilitando assim a articulação desse área com as demais da fisioterapia, como a ortopedia, respiratória, entre outras

Expression of ck-19, galectin-3 and hbme-1 in the differentiation of thyroid lesions: systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis

Background: To distinguish between malignant and benign lesions of the thyroid gland histological demonstration is often required since the fine-needle aspiration biopsy method applied pre-operatively has some limitations. in an attempt to improve diagnostic accuracy, markers using immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry techniques have been studied, mainly cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Hector Battifora mesothelial-1 (HBME-1). However, current results remain controversial. the aim of the present article was to establish the diagnostic accuracy of CK-19, Gal-3 and HBME-1 markers, as well as their associations, in the differentiation of malignant and benign thyroid lesions.Methods: A systematic review of published articles on MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library was performed. After establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 66 articles were selected. the technique of meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy was employed and global values of sensitivity, specificity, area under the summary ROC curve, and diagnostic odds ratio (dOR) were calculated.Results: for the immunohistochemistry technique, the positivity of CK-19 for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid lesions demonstrated global sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 73%; for Gal-3, sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 81%; and for HBME-1, sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 83%. the association of the three markers determined sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 97%, and diagnostic odds ratio of 95.1. Similar results were also found for the immunocytochemistry assay.Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the three immunomarkers studied are accurate in pre- and postoperative diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Nevertheless, the search for other molecular markers must continue in order to enhance this diagnostic accuracy since the results found still show a persistency of false-negative and false-positive tests.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fac Med ABC, Dept Biochem, Santo Andre, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biochem, São Paulo, BrazilFac Med ABC, Dept Head & Neck Surg, Santo Andre, BrazilFac Med ABC, Med Sch Students, Santo Andre, BrazilFac Med ABC, Dept Hematol & Oncol, Santo Andre, BrazilAlbert Einstein Jewish Hosp, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biochem, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Sudden Deafness as a Presenting Symptom of Acoustic Neuroma: Case Report

SummaryVestibular schwannoma, also known as acoustic neurinoma, is the most frequent tumor of the cerebellopontine angle, and represents 9% of all intracranial tumors. Case Report: The authors report a case of sudden deafness with unilateral tinnitus. The patients responded to therapy with Prednisone and Pentoxifylline after the diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma by imaging exams. Discussion: Sudden deafness can be described as an intense and abrupt sensorineural loss. Usually it is higher than 30 dB at three or more frequencies and develops in less than three days. Conclusion: Investigation of the etiology of sudden deafness is extremely important to establish the adequate strategy for the case

Parallel evolution of vgsc mutations at domains IS6, IIS6 and IIIS6 in pyrethroid resistant Aedes aegypti from Mexico

Aedes aegypti is the primary urban mosquito vector of viruses causing dengue, Zika and chikungunya fevers –for which vaccines and efective pharmaceuticals are still lacking. Current strategies to suppress arbovirus outbreaks include removal of larval-breeding sites and insecticide treatment of larval and adult populations. Insecticidal control of Ae. aegypti is challenging, due to a recent rapid global increase in knockdown-resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides. Widespread, heavy use of pyrethroid spacesprays has created an immense selection pressure for kdr, which is primarily under the control of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (vgsc). To date, eleven replacements in vgsc have been discovered, published and shown to be associated with pyrethroid resistance to varying degrees. In Mexico, F1,534C and V1,016I have co-evolved in the last 16 years across Ae. aegypti populations. Recently, a novel replacement V410L was identifed in Brazil and its efect on vgsc was confrmed by electrophysiology. Herein, we screened V410L in 25 Ae. aegypti historical collections from Mexico, the frst heterozygote appeared in 2002 and frequencies have increased in the last 16 years alongside V1,016I and F1,534C. Knowledge of the specifc vgsc replacements and their interaction to confer resistance is essential to predict and to develop strategies for resistance management

Modelagem das condições operacionais de torrefação e análise dos seus efeitos sobre a cor do café / Modeling of operating roasting conditions and analysis of their effects on coffee color

A torrefação é uma das etapas principais do processamento de café. As cinéticas das reações químicas que ocorrem durante a torrefação, tais como reação de Maillard, pirólise e caramelização, são determinadas por condições específicas como temperatura e tempo, havendo poucos dados sobre o efeito da variação da pressão. A Reação de Maillard consiste em um conjunto de reações químicas entre açúcares redutores e aminoácidos que levam à formação de compostos de aroma, sabor e cor. As reações de caramelização, entre açúcares, também contribuem para esses parâmetros. A cor, gerada por diferentes polímeros, é uma indicação visível do grau de torrefação e pode ser medida instrumentalmente. Diante disso, este trabalho foi realizado para compreender o efeito das interações entre temperatura, tempo e pressão de torrefação sobre a cor do café. Para isso, grãos de café foram torrados em um torrador laboratorial, com fornecimento de calor por resistências de aquecimento, e agitados por um agitador mecânico tipo pá reta. A temperatura foi obtida por 2 termopares de isolamento mineral tipo J e a pressão monitorada por manômetro analógico. Os seguintes níveis foram utilizados: temperatura (190°C e 230°C); tempo (10min e 5min); pressão (760mmHg e -100mmHg). Os experimentos foram realizados seguindo um planejamento fatorial 23,com duas réplicas no ponto central. A cor foi determinada por um medidor de cor. A temperatura, o tempo e a interação entre esses fatores foram estatisticamente significativos para a cor; logo, os fatores tempo e temperatura não podem ser estudados separadamente. Também foi possível obter um modelo matemático para a determinação da cor dos grãos a partir das condições de processo no respectivo torrador. O modelo foi validado por comparação de dados, podendo ser utilizado para planejamento das condições de processo a serem usadas para obtenção do grau de torrefação e cor desejados

Labour and the Environment: A Natural Synergy

This report presents examples of tools and practices that promote workers' health and safety as well as environmental protection, public health, and corporate responsibility. Issues include climate change, hazardous materials