79 research outputs found
Rhizobial Nod factors are required for cortical cell division in the nodule morphogenetic programme of the Aeschynomeneae legume Arachis
Nod factors are among the best-studied molecules implicated in the signal exchange that leads to legume-rhizobia symbiosis. The role of these molecules in symbiosis development has been primarily studied in legumes invaded through infection threads. In these plants, Nod factors generate several responses required for nodulation, including the induction of cortical cell division to form the nodule primordium. Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) exhibits a specific mode of rhizobial infection and nodule morphogenetic programme in which infection threads are never formed. The role of Nod factors in this particular mechanism is unknown. In this work, a peanut symbiont mutant strain unable to produce Nod factors was obtained and characterised. The strain Bradyrhizobium (Arachis) sp. SEMIA 6144V2 is altered in the nodC gene, which encodes an N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase involved in the first step of the Nod factor biosynthetic pathway. Further research revealed that, although its ability to colonise peanut roots was unaffected, it is not capable of inducing the division of cortical cells. The results obtained indicate that rhizobial Nod factors are essential for the induction of cortical cell division that leads to nodule primordium formation. © 2011 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.Fil: Ibáñez, Valeria. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Fabra, Adriana Isidora. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas; Argentin
Global Progress Toward Implementing the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement
This brief examines the progress made in implementing the Fish Stocks Agreement, based on a review of the status of certain highly migratory stocks and the effectiveness of regional fishery management organization (RFMO) measures in meeting specific mandates. It also looks at whether recommendations made in prior reviews have been implemented
Starting points in plant-bacteria nitrogen-fixing symbioses: intercellular invasion of the roots
Agricultural practices contribute to climate change by releasing greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide that are mainly derived from nitrogen fertilizers. Therefore, understanding biological nitrogen fxation in farming systems is benefcial to agriculture and environmental preservation. In this context, a better grasp of nitrogen-fxing systems and nitrogen-fxing bacteria-plant associations will contribute to the optimization of these biological processes. Legumes and actinorhizal plants can engage in a symbiotic interaction with nitrogen-fxing rhizobia or actinomycetes, resulting in the formation of specialized root nodules. The legume-rhizobia interaction is mediated by a complex molecular signal exchange, where recognition of different bacterial determinants activates the nodulation program in the plant. To invade plants roots, bacteria follow different routes, which are determined by the host plant. Entrance via root hairs is probably the best understood. Alternatively, entry via intercellular invasion has been observed in many legumes. Although there are common features shared by intercellular infection mechanisms, differences are observed in the site of root invasion and bacterial spread on the cortex reaching and infecting a susceptible cell to form a nodule. This review focuses on intercellular bacterial invasion of roots observed in the Fabaceae and considers, within an evolutionary context, the different variants, distribution and molecular determinants involved. Intercellular invasion of actinorhizal plants and Parasponia is also discussed.Fil: Ibañez, Fernando Julio. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Wall, Luis Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fabra, Adriana Isidora. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; Argentin
Induced systemic resistance -like responses elicited by rhizobia
Rhizobia are soil bacteria that engage into a mutualistic symbiosis with plants and benefit the host by fixing atmospheric N. In addition, rhizobia can be considered as biocontrol agents, contributing to plant health through direct inhibition of a wide range of pathogens. More recently, it became evident that rhizobial invasion of plant roots can also trigger an increased systemic resistance state in the host, a process resembling the Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) mechanism. However, this indirect biocontrol property of rhizobia was relatively less explored. Scope: In this review article, we present an overview of the current knowledge of ISR -like responses induced by rhizobia, considering general characteristics of this phenomenon, discussing the molecular pathways leading to this response and highlighting potential links between ISR -like responses and the nodulation signaling pathway. Conclusions: A more detailed knowledge of these responses can result in development of biotechnological tools for sustainable crop production, through optimization of the systemic protective effect conferred by rhizobia.Fil: Tonelli, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas; ArgentinaFil: Figueredo, MarĂa Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas; ArgentinaFil: RodrĂguez, Johan. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Fabra, Adriana Isidora. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas; ArgentinaFil: Ibañez, Fernando Julio. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas; Argentin
Identification of miRNAs linked to peanut nodule functional processes
microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Thousands of miRNAs have been identified in legumes, but studies about miRNAs linked to peanut nodule functionality are scarce. In this work we analyzed transcriptional changes in peanut nodules to identify miRNAs involved in functional processes of these organs. We found 32 miRNAs precursors differentially expressed in nodules compared with roots, and predicted the potential targets of their corresponding mature miRNAs. Among them, 20 belong to 14 conserved miRNAs families and 12 are Arachis hypogaea-specific miRNAs. Expression levels of 3 miRNAs (ahy-miR399, ahy-miR159 and ahy-miR3508) were confirmed experimentally by qPCR. We also demonstrated that the expression of these miRNAs was not affected by inoculation of a biocontrol bacterium or a fungal pathogen. The catalogue of differentially expressed miRNA precursors and the expression of the corresponding mature miRNA potential targets in the nodules of A. hypogaea obtained in this work is a database of strong candidates, including A. hypogaea-specific miRNAs, for the regulation of the nodule functionality. The analysis of their role in this process will certainly lead to the characterization of essential regulators in these particular aeschynomenoid nodules.Fil: Figueredo, MarĂa Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Formey, Damien. Universidad Nacional AutĂłnoma de MĂ©xico; MĂ©xicoFil: RodrĂguez, Johan. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Ibañez, Fernando Julio. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; ArgentinaFil: Hernández Delgado, Georgina. Universidad Nacional AutĂłnoma de MĂ©xico; MĂ©xicoFil: Fabra, Adriana Isidora. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnologicas.; Argentin
Development and field evaluation of liquid inoculants with native Bradyrhizobial strains for peanut production
A critical process in the leguminous crops cycles is biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Application of inoculants with N fixing bacteria is economically and environmentally favourable. The aim of this work was to select competitive native peanut microsymbionts, evaluate their survival in inoculant support and assess their impact on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production under field conditions at CĂłrdoba province in Argentina. The efficient N fixing Bradyrhizobium sp. J-81 and Bradyrhizobium sp. J-237, previously obtained from peanut nodules in the region of Cordoba, Argentina, were evaluated. In microcosm assays, plants inoculated with these isolates demonstrated better symbiotic parameters than those inoculated with reference strains. Different bacterial growth media and inoculant stabiliser solutions were evaluated. Balanced medium and arabic gum stabilising solution had optimal bacterial growth and the highest bacterial concentration and viability, respectively. Inoculation with either inoculants resulted in 44% greater peanut pod yield at Pizarro compared to the non-inoculated plants, although no significant differences were found with respect to commercial inoculants treatments.La fixation biologique de l’Azote (FBA) est un processus important dans le cycle de vie des lĂ©gumineuses. L’application d’inoculum de bactĂ©ries fixatrices d’azote est favorable au double plan Ă©conomique et environnemental. Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de sĂ©lectionner des bactĂ©ries symbiotiques de l’arachide natives et compĂ©titives, Ă©valuer leur temps de survie dans support d’inoculum et Ă©valuer leur impact sur la production en plein champ de l’arachide (Arachis hypogaea L.) dans la province de CĂłrdoba en Argentine. Les bactĂ©ries fixatrices d’azote Bradyrhizobium sp. J-81 et Bradyrhizobium sp. J-237, extraites de nodules collectĂ©s sur des plants cultivĂ©s dans la rĂ©gion de Cordoba en Argentina, ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es. Dans des essais de microcosme, des plants inoculĂ©s avec ces isolats ont exhibĂ©s de meilleurs paramètres symbiotiques que les plants non inoculĂ©s. DiffĂ©rents mĂ©dia de culture bactĂ©rienne et supports inoculums ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s. Medium mixte et solution stabilisĂ©e Ă la gomme arabique ont respectivement exhibĂ©s la croissance optimale des bactĂ©ries et la meilleure conservation et viabilitĂ© des bactĂ©ries. L’application de n’importe quel inoculum produisit 44% plus de rendement en gousses d’arachides Ă Pizarro par rapport aux plantes non-inoculĂ©es, et ceci bien qu’aucune diffĂ©rence significative n’a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e en comparaison avec les traitements Ă l’inoculum du commerce.Fil: Valetti, Lucio. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Biologia General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Angelini, Jorge Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Biologia General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Taurian, Tania. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Biologia General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Ibañez, Fernando Julio. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Biologia General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Vanina Laura. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Biologia General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Anzuay, MarĂa Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Biologia General; ArgentinaFil: Ludueña, Liliana Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Biologia General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Fabra, Adriana Isidora. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Biologia General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; Argentin
Evolution of LysM-RLK Gene Family in Wild and Cultivated Peanut Species
In legumes, a LysM-RLK perception of rhizobial lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) known as Nod factors (NFs), triggers a signaling pathway related to the onset of symbiosis development. On the other hand, activation of LysM-RLKs upon recognition of chitin-derived short-chitooligosaccharides initiates defense responses. In this work, we identified the members of the LysM-RLK family in cultivated (Arachis hypogaea L.) and wild (A. duranensis and A. ipaensis) peanut genomes, and reconstructed the evolutionary history of the family. Phylogenetic analyses allowed the building of a framework to reinterpret the functional data reported on peanut LysM-RLKs. In addition, the potential involvement of two identified proteins in NF perception and immunity was assessed by gene expression analyses. Results indicated that peanut LysM-RLK is a highly diverse family. Digital expression analyses indicated that some A. hypogaea LysM-RLK receptors were upregulated during the early and late stages of symbiosis. In addition, expression profiles of selected LysM-RLKs proteins suggest participation in the receptor network mediating NF and/or chitosan perception. The analyses of LysM-RLK in the non-model legume peanut can contribute to gaining insight into the molecular basis of legume–microbe interactions and to the understanding of the evolutionary history of this gene family within the Fabaceae.Fil: Rodriguez Melo, Johan Stiben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂa del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂa del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Tonelli, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas; ArgentinaFil: Barbosa, MarĂa Carolina. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas; ArgentinaFil: Ariel, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂa del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂa del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Zhao, Zifan. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Wang, Jianping. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Fabra, Adriana Isidora. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas; ArgentinaFil: Ibañez, Fernando Julio. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones AgrobiotecnolĂłgicas; Argentin
Contribution of phytochelatins to cadmium tolerance in peanut plants
Cadmium (Cd) is a well known heavy metal considered as one of the most toxic metals on Earth, affecting all viable cells that are exposed even at low concentration. It is introduced to agricultural soils mainly by phosphate fertilizers and causes many toxic symptoms in cells. Phytochelatins (PCs) are non-protein thiols which are involved in oxidative stress protection and are strongly induced by Cd. In this work, we analyzed metal toxicity as well as PCs implication on protection of peanut plants exposed to Cd. Results showed that Cd exposure induced a reduction of peanut growth and produced changes in the histological structure with a deposit of unknown material on the epidermal and endodermal cells. When plants were exposed to 10 ÎĽM Cd, no modification of chlorophyll, lipid peroxides, carbonyl groups, or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content was observed. At this concentration, peanut leaves and roots glutathione (GSH) content decreased. However, peanut roots were able to synthesize different types of PCs (PC2, PC3, PC4). In conclusion, PC synthesis could prevent metal disturbance on cellular redox balance, avoiding oxidative damage to macromolecules.Fil: Bianucci, Eliana Carolina. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Sobrino Plata, Juan. No especifĂca;Fil: Carpena Ruiz, RamĂłn O.. Universidad AutĂłnoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Del Carmen Tordable, MarĂa. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Fabra, Adriana Isidora. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Hernández, Luis E.. No especifĂca;Fil: Castro, Stella Maris. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; Argentin
Grifola frondosa (Maitake) Extract Reduces Fat Accumulation and Improves Health Span in C. elegans through the DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/NRF2 Signalling Pathways
In recent years, food ingredients rich in bioactive compounds have emerged as candidates to prevent excess adiposity and other metabolic complications characteristic of obesity, such as low-grade inflammation and oxidative status. Among them, fungi have gained popularity for their high polysaccharide content and other bioactive components with beneficial activities. Here, we use the C. elegans model to investigate the potential activities of a Grifola frondosa extract (GE), together with the underlying mechanisms of action. Our study revealed that GE represents an important source of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds with in vitro antioxidant activity. Treatment with our GE extract, which was found to be nongenotoxic through a SOS/umu test, significantly reduced the fat content of C. elegans, decreased the production of intracellular ROS and aging–lipofuscin pigment, and increased the lifespan of nematodes. Gene expression and mutant analyses demonstrated that the in vivo anti-obesity and antioxidant activities of GE were mediated through the daf-2/daf-16 and skn-1/nrf-2 signalling pathways, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that our GE extract could be considered a potential functional ingredient for the prevention of obesity-related disturbances.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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