Catalytic Steam Gasification of Glucose for Hydrogen Production Using Stable Based Ni on a γ–Alumina Fluidizable Catalyst

Six different Ni-based fluidizable catalysts were synthesized using both incipient impregnation and co- impregnation. Ni-based catalysts were also promoted with 2.0 wt% La or alternatively with 2 wt% Ce. The preparation procedure included catalysts treated at high temperatures and under free of oxygen conditions. Catalysts were characterized using BET, XRD, AA, PSD, TPR, TPD, H2-chemisorption. TPR and H2 chemisorp-tion showed good metal dispersion with 10 nm- 40 nm metal crystallites. Glucose catalytic gasification runs were performed in a CREC Riser Simulator to evaluate the following cata- lysts: (a) 5 %Ni/γ-Al2O3, (b) 5 %Ni-2 %La/γ-Al2O3 and (c) 5 %Ni-2 %Ce/γ-Al2O3. In all cases, the preparation steps involved acid solutions with pHs of 1 and 4. In between consecutive runs, different approaches were considered: (a) A catalyst was regenerated by air, (b) A catalyst was regenerated by air followed by hydrogen pretreatment, (c) A catalyst was reused directly without any regeneration or hydrogen pretreatment. It was observed that Ni-based catalysts, which were subjected after every run, to both, air regeneration and hydro- gen pretreatment, displayed the best yields in close agreement with thermodynamic equilibrium. On the other hand, Ni-based catalysts regenerated with air only, showed the worst hydrogen yields. In between these two- hydrogen yield limits, where catalysts not contacted with air nor hydrogen, with these yields being moderately below chemical equilibrium. This shows that Ni-based fluidizable catalysts can perform on stream for extended periods, requiring limited reactivation with air and H2. This makes of gasification using the catalysts of the present study, a viable process alternative that could be implemented at industrial scale

3-Amino­pyridin-1-ium 3-carb­oxy­benzo­ate

In the title organic salt, C5H7N2 +·C8H5O4 −, the carb­oxy­lic group is nearly coplanar with the benzene ring [dihedral angle 1.9 (4)°] whereas the carboxyl­ate group is twisted relative to the benzene ring by 13.6 (4)°. In the crystal, N-H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the components into a three-dimensional framework consisting of stacks of alternating pairs of anions and cations exhibiting π–π stacking inter­actions with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.676 (2)–3.711 (1) Å. The π–π stacks extend along [110] and [-110]

Influence of size reduction of fly ash particles by grinding on the chemical properties of geopolymers

Chemical properties of geopolymers were evaluated from the reduction of fly ash particle size by grinding. X-ray diffraction determined that at early curing ages new crystalline phases appear in the matrix of the geopolymer and they remain for 28 days, with increases in intensities up to 60%. In Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, displacements were identified in the main band of the geopolymers at higher wavenumbers, attributed to the greater rigidity in the structures of the aluminosilicate gel due to the increase of the reaction products in the geopolymers obtained through fly ashsubjected to previous grinding, which is observable in the geopolymers matrix. Results indicate that the reduction of fly ash particle size by grinding has an influence on the chemical properties of geopolymers.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Evaluación y comparación de geopolimeros obtenidos de dos cenizas volantes mexicanas

Esta investigación se realizó con el fin de determinar las diferencias existentes en los geopolimeros obtenidos de dos tipos de cenizas volantes, las cuales fueron caracterizadas mediante FRX, DRX, FT-IT, del mismo modo se determinaron sus propiedades físicas por picnometría, adsorción de gases (método BET), DTP y MEB. El proceso de activación se llevó a cabo con NaOH 8M a 80°C por 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 y 90 días, realizando ensayos de compresión y módulo dinámico a los mismos, obteniendo una mejora en los resultados conforme aumenta el tiempo de curado, además se demostró que la variación de los contenidos óxidos y las propiedades físicas de las cenizas de partida, juegan uno de los factores más importantes en el desarrollo de los geles producto de reacción (determinado por TGA, FT-IR, DRX y MEB) y por ello la obtención de mejores propiedades mecánicas. (ANGLÈS) This research was conducted in order to determine the differences in the geopolymer obtained from two types of fly ash, which were characterized by XRF, XRD, FT-IR, just as its physical properties were determined by pycnometry, gas adsorption (BET method), PSD and SEM. The activation process was conducted with NaOH 8M at 80°C for 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 90 days, to performing compression tests and dynamic module, obtaining a improved results with increasing cure time, also it showed that the variation of oxide content and the physical properties of the starting ash, play one of the most important factors in the development of the reaction product gels (determined by TGA, FT-IR, XRD and SEM) and thus obtaining better mechanical properties.Postprint (published version

Mechanical Properties and Antibacterial Effect on Mono-Strain of Streptococcus mutans of Orthodontic Cements Reinforced with Chlorhexidine-Modified Nanotubes

Recently, several studies have introduced nanotechnology into the area of dental materials with the aim of improving their properties. The objective of this study is to determine the antibacterial and mechanical properties of type I glass ionomers reinforced with halloysite nanotubes modified with 2% chlorhexidine at concentrations of 5% and 10% relative to the total weight of the powder used to construct each sample. Regarding antibacterial effect, 200 samples were established and distributed into four experimental groups and six control groups (4 +ve and 2 −ve), with 20 samples each. The mechanical properties were evaluated in 270 samples, assessing microhardness (30 samples), compressive strength (120 samples), and setting time (120 samples). The groups were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the antibacterial activity of the ionomers was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans for 24 h. The control and positive control groups showed no antibacterial effect, while the experimental group with 5% concentration showed a zone of growth inhibition between 11.35 mm and 11.45 mm, and the group with 10% concentration showed a zone of growth inhibition between 12.50 mm and 13.20 mm. Statistical differences were observed between the experimental groups with 5% and 10% nanotubes. Regarding the mechanical properties, microhardness, and setting time, no statistical difference was found when compared with control groups, while compressive strength showed higher significant values, with ionomers modified with 10% concentration of nanotubes resulting in better compressive strength values. The incorporation of nanotubes at concentrations of 5% and 10% effectively inhibited the presence of S. mutans, particularly when the dose–response relationship was taken into account, with the advantage of maintaining and improving their mechanical properties

Clinical consequences of BRCA2 hypomorphism

Altres ajuts: Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (LABAE16020PORTT)Altres ajuts: Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (ERAPERMED2019-215)The tumor suppressor FANCD1/BRCA2 is crucial for DNA homologous recombination repair (HRR). BRCA2 biallelic pathogenic variants result in a severe form of Fanconi anemia (FA) syndrome, whereas monoallelic pathogenic variants cause mainly hereditary breast and ovarian cancer predisposition. For decades, the co-occurrence in trans with a clearly pathogenic variant led to assume that the other allele was benign. However, here we show a patient with biallelic BRCA2 (c.1813dup and c.7796 A > G) diagnosed at age 33 with FA after a hypertoxic reaction to chemotherapy during breast cancer treatment. After DNA damage, patient cells displayed intermediate chromosome fragility, reduced survival, cell cycle defects, and significantly decreased RAD51 foci formation. With a newly developed cell-based flow cytometric assay, we measured single BRCA2 allele contributions to HRR, and found that expression of the missense allele in a BRCA2 KO cellular background partially recovered HRR activity. Our data suggest that a hypomorphic BRCA2 allele retaining 37-54% of normal HRR function can prevent FA clinical phenotype, but not the early onset of breast cancer and severe hypersensitivity to chemotherapy

De Nueva España a México : El universo musical mexicano entre centenarios (1517-1917)

742 págs. Imágenes color y b/n. Partituras musicales.El fenómeno de las conmemoraciones culturales siempre ha sido un terreno abonado para la producción cultural y artística del que se han valido los Estados para ofrecer interpretaciones legitimadoras e ideologizadas de la historia, articuladas en torno a las ideas de memoria, nación y progreso. El presente volumen, resultado de una triple conmemoración (el centenario de la Revolución Mexicana y la publicación de la primera historia de la música en México de Alba Herrera –1917–, por un lado; y la llegada del militar andaluz Francisco Hernández de Córdoba a la costa de la península del Yucatán –1517–, por otro), presenta una visión retrospectiva de la historia musical mexicana a lo largo de esas cuatro centurias. Frente a la rígida división cronológica impuesta por ciertas narrativas, se ofrece así una noción inclusiva, actual e informada del universo musical mexicano en toda su multiplicidad y riqueza de matices, integrando las épocas colonial e independiente como lo que realmente son: partes constitutivas de la memoria musical, histórica, cultural y política del país, con las luces y las sombras propias de cualquier otro periodo

Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid–pyridinium-2-olate (1/3)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C9H6O6·3C5H5NO, contains one benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid molecule (BTA) and three pyridin-2-ol molecules each present in the zwitterion form. In the crystal, these entities are linked through O—H...O− and N+—H...O− hydrogen bonds, forming sheets parallel to (10-1). These layers contain macrocyclic rings of composition [BTA]2[pyol]6 and with graph-set notation R68(44), which are stacked along c through π–π interactions [inter-centroid distances = 3.536 (2)–3.948 (3) Å]. They are interconnected by N+—H...O− hydrogen-bonded chains of pyridin-2-ol molecules running parallel to c, forming a three-dimensional network. There are also C—H...O hydrogen bonds present which reinforce the three-dimensional structure

2,6-Dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-(pyridin-1-ium-3-yl)-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaborinin-2-ide 0.67-hydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C12H10BNO5·0.67H2O, contains three independent pyridinylboronic acid esters adopting zwitterionic forms and two water molecules. The six-membered heterocyclic rings in the boronic esters have half-chair conformations and the deviations of the B atoms from the boronate mean planes range from 0.456 (3) to 0.657 (3) Å. All of the B atoms have tetrahedral coordination environments, with B—O and B—C bond lengths of 1.446 (4)–1.539 (3) and 1.590 (5)–1.609 (5) Å, respectively. In the crystal, the ester and water molecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by a large number of O—H...O, N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The crystal packing is further accomplished by π–π interactions, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.621 (4)–3.787 (4) Å