Recovery of Unlawful Aid

The Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Law & Governance in a World of Multilevel Jurisdiction

Bis(cyanato-κN)bis­(5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-κN 3)zinc

In the title complex, [Zn(NCO)2(C7H8N4)2], the ZnII ion exhibits a distorted tetra­hedral coordination geometry. The coordination environment is formed by two 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) ligands, coordinated through the N atom in position 3, and two cyanate anions inter­acting by their N atoms. Supra­molecular dimers are generated by stacking inter­actions between the pyrimidine rings of two ligands related by an inversion center [centroid–centroid distance = 3.5444 (18) Å]

Depletion sensitivity predicts unhealthy snack purchases

The aim of the present research is to examine the relation between depletion sensitivity - a novel construct referring to the speed or ease by which one's self-control resources are drained - and snack purchase behavior. In addition, interactions between depletion sensitivity and the goal to lose weight on snack purchase behavior were explored. Participants included in the study were instructed to report every snack they bought over the course of one week. The dependent variables were the number of healthy and unhealthy snacks purchased. The results of the present study demonstrate that depletion sensitivity predicts the amount of unhealthy (but not healthy) snacks bought. The more sensitive people are to depletion, the more unhealthy snacks they buy. Moreover, there was some tentative evidence that this relation is more pronounced for people with a weak as opposed to a strong goal to lose weight, suggesting that a strong goal to lose weight may function as a motivational buffer against self-control failures. All in all, these findings provide evidence for the external validity of depletion sensitivity and the relevance of this construct in the domain of eating behavior.</p

Chest X-ray Features of HIV-Associated Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The performance of chest x-ray (CXR) features for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) diagnosis has been evaluated in small studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe CXR changes in adults with HIV-associated laboratory-confirmed PCP, comparing these with non-PCP respiratory disease. METHODS: We searched databases for studies reporting CXR changes in people >15 years old with HIV and laboratory-confirmed PCP and those with non-PCP respiratory disease. CXR features were grouped using consensus terms. Proportions were pooled and odds ratios (ORs) generated using random-effects meta-analysis, with subgroup analyses by CD4 count, study period, radiology review method, and study region. RESULTS: Fifty-one studies (with 1821 PCP and 1052 non-PCP cases) were included. Interstitial infiltrate (59%; 95% CI, 52%-66%; 36 studies, n = 1380; I2 = 85%) and ground-glass opacification (48%; 95% CI, 15%-83%; 4 studies, n = 57; I2 = 86%) were common in PCP. Cystic lesions, central lymphadenopathy, and pneumothorax were infrequent. Pleural effusion was rare in PCP (0%; 95% CI, 0%-2%). Interstitial infiltrate (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.9; I2 = 60%), interstitial-alveolar infiltrate (OR, 10.2; 95% CI, 3.2-32.4; I2 = 0%), and diffuse CXR changes (OR, 7.3; 95% CI, 2.7-20.2; I2 = 87%) were associated with PCP diagnosis. There was loss of association with alveolar infiltrate in African studies. CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse CXR changes and interstitial-alveolar infiltrates indicate a higher likelihood of PCP. Pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, and focal alveolar infiltrates suggest alternative causes. These findings could be incorporated into clinical algorithms to improve diagnosis of HIV-associated PCP

The effects of nudges: one-shot only?: Exploring the temporal spillover effects of a default nudge

Nudges, such as defaults, are generally found to be effective in guiding immediate behavioural decisions. However, little is known about whether the effect of a nudge can be lasting, meaning that it spills over to subsequent similar choices without the presence of a nudge. In three experiments, we explored the temporal spillover effects of a default nudge. The results of Experiments 1 (N = 1,077) and 2 (N = 1,036) suggest that nudging participants into completing a longer questionnaire affected their decision for the same behaviour a day later without the presence of a nudge. However, nudging participants into a healthier food choice in Experiment 3 (N = 969) did not result in such a temporal spillover effect. The results indicated that participants' change in attitude towards the nudged behaviour may partly explain the temporal spillover effects. These findings suggest that for some, but not all behaviours, default nudges may have the potential to yield temporal spillover effects and warrant a further investigation of boundary conditions and facilitators of the spillover effects of nudges.Prevention, Population and Disease management (PrePoD)Public Health and primary car

Longitudinal associations between depression and diabetes complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aims. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies assessing the bi- directional association between depression and diabetes macrovascular and microvascular complications. Methods. Embase, Medline, and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception through 27th November 2017. A total of 4,592 abstracts were screened for eligibility. Meta-analyses used multilevel random/mixed-effects models. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results. 22 studies were included in the systematic review. 16 studies examined the relationship between baseline depression and incident diabetes complications, of which nine studies involving over 1 million participants were suitable for meta-analysis. Depression was associated with an increased risk for incident macrovascular (Hazard Ratio HR=1.38; 95%CI: 1.30-1.47) and microvascular disease (HR=1.33; 95%CI: 1.25-1.41). Six studies examined the association between baseline diabetes complications and subsequent depression, of which two involving over 230 000 participants were suitable for meta-analysis. The results showed that diabetes complications increased the risk of incident depressive disorder (HR=1.14; 95%CI: 1.07-1.21). The quality analysis showed increased risk of bias notably in the representativeness of selected cohorts and ascertainment of exposure and outcome. Conclusions. Depression in people with diabetes is associated with an increased risk of incident macrovascular and microvascular complications. The relationship between depression and diabetes complications appears bi-directional. However, the risk of developing diabetes complications in depressed people is higher than the risk of developing depression in people with diabetes complications. The underlying mechanisms warrant further research

The bidirectional longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and HbA 1c : a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Aim To investigate whether there is a bidirectional longitudinal association of depression with HbA1c. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE for observational, longitudinal studies published from January 2000 to September 2020, assessing the association between depression and HbA1c in adults. We assessed study quality with the Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale. Pooled effect estimates were reported as partial correlation coefficients (rp) or odds ratios (OR). Results We retrieved 1,642 studies; 26 studies were included in the systematic review and eleven in the meta-analysis. Most studies (16/26) focused on type 2 diabetes. Study quality was rated as good (n=19), fair (n=2) and poor (n=5). Of the meta-analysed studies, six investigated the longitudinal association between self-reported depressive symptoms and HbA1c and five the reverse longitudinal association, with a combined sample size of n=48,793 and a mean follow-up of 2 years. Higher levels of baseline depressive symptoms were associated with subsequent higher levels of HbA1c (partial r=0.07;[95%CI0.03,0.12]; I238%). Higher baseline HbA1c values were also associated with 18% increased risk of (probable) depression (OR=1.18;[95%CI1.12,1.25]; I20.0%). Conclusions Our findings support a bidirectional longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and HbA1c. However, the observed effect sizes were small and future research in large-scale longitudinal studies is needed to confirm this association. Future studies should investigate the role of type of diabetes and depression, diabetes distress and diabetes self-management behaviours. Our results may have clinical implications, as depressive symptoms and HbA1c levels could be targeted concurrently in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and depression

“Четвертий поділ” Польщі і встановлення радянського тоталітарного режиму в Західній Україні

The present article was based on the unknown documents of the Branch state archive of Security service of Ukraine and showed the first phase so called “sovietizashion” (establishment of Soviet regim) of Western Ukraine after being joined to the USSR in the September 1939. The author investigeted the measures used to arrange the 800-meter borderland between the USSR and Third Reich

Dopant-induced crossover from 1D to 3D charge transport in conjugated polymers

The interplay between inter- and intra-chain charge transport in bulk polythiophene in the hopping regime has been clarified by studying the conductivity as a function of frequency (up to 3 THz), temperature and doping level. We present a model which quantitatively explains the observed crossover from quasi-one-dimensional transport to three-dimensional hopping conduction with increasing doping level. At high frequencies the conductivity is dominated by charge transport on one-dimensional conducting chains.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure