Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Plasmid Profiles of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens in Saudi Arabia

The aims of this study were to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid profile of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus strains isolated from clinical specimens, and to find out a possible relationship between plasmids profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Staphylococcus strains were isolated from different clinical specimens from different hospitals and primary health care centers. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus isolates was determined using disc diffusion method against 10 commonly used antimicrobial drugs. Plasmid DNA was extracted from lysed Staphylococcus cells using Plasmid Miniprep kit, and visualized using Agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that isolated strains of Staphylococcus were resistant to Penicillin (61%), Erythromycin (45%), Chloramphenicol (21%) and Co-trimoxazole (15%). Plasmid analysis of clinical isolates showed the presence of 0 to 3 plasmids with size range of 2 to 31 Kb, as compared to control Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 which showed 4 plasmids (size range of 2 to 21 Kb). The results obtained in this study showed no direct correlation between the patterns of antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles

Identifikasi Varietas Berdasarkan Warna Dan Tekstur Permukaan Beras Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra Digital Dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan

Research on milled rice color and texture using digital image processing technique is becoming important, due to its potential use as a basic method for rice derived variety identification. The research was aimed to identify milled rice of varieties Basmati, Inpari 1, and Sintanur using color and texture analysis based on digital image processing. A combination of color and texture analysis was used as input parameter and then analyzed in the next step using the artificial neural network (ANN) to determine input parameter that has the highest accuracy level. The experiment was conducted at Merauke Experiment Station, Papua Institute for Agriculture Assessment Technology from May to July 2011. The materials used were milled rice of varieties Basmati 370, Inpari 1, and Sintanur that were previously grown at Sukamandi Experiment Station of the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR). All samples were qualified as grade 1 based on SNI 6128:2008. Fifty image samples were taken from each variety to get a total of 150 images to be analyzed for their colors and textures using the digital image processing. The color and texture data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tested using the Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to obtain the median, while the data spread was analyzed using the boxplot method. The combination of color and texture as input parameters were analyzed using the ANN. One hundred and five rice data were used for training and 45 data were for testing. The results showed that the digital image processing and ANN recognized three output parameters in rice varieties of Basmati, Inpari 1, and Sintanur. Texture analysis with five input parameters were considered the best factor to be used in the ANN model with 100% accuracy

Conditions of Substrate and Water Quality Supporting Activites as A Growth Factor in Mangrove at Coastal Basaan I, South East District Minahasa

Mangrove forest vegetation contained in Basaan The village has an important role, both ecologically and economically for the community. The mangrove ecosystem's ability to maintain its ecological function depends on factors - environmental contributing factors, namely the quality of the environment and substrate conditions. The purpose of the study was to measure the quality of environmental factors and substrate waters around mangrove and describe the environmental capacity of water at mangrove ecosystem. The method of research by sampling at two locations: station A and station B by taking water samples in which the chemical and physical parameters of the test carried out in the Laboratory of Water archipelago and substrate samples which were tested in Laborarotium Soil Fertility, Faculty of Agriculture Unsrat Manado. The test results showed that the water temperature is 310C and TSS levels <1 (station A) and 44 (station B), pH 7.3; salinity 32; NH3 0.26 (A), 0.05 (B); PO4 0.122 (A ), 0.013 (B); H2S < 0.02; DO 10.10 (A), 8.95 (B). For the test results is the basic substrate pH H2O 7.6 (station A) and 7.5 (station B) neutral category; pH KCl 5.1 (A) and 5.4 (B) neutral category, N 0.44 (A ), 0.34 (B) medium category; P2O5 1.98 (A) and 15.35 (B) medium category; organic C-5.83 (A) and 3.98 (B) high category; K2O 2, 27 (A) and 23.48 (B) medium category. Conditions coastal waters village Basaan I still quite good because of the support and the dukungya still need attention orthoposphat parameter whose value is higher than the standard.   Keywords : water quality, substrate base, carrying capacit

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN AND PLASMID PROFILE OF SOME SALMONELLA SPP. ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN RIYADH AREA

The aims of this work were to investigate the antimicrobial pattern and plasmid profile of different antibiotic resistant Salmonella species isolated from clinical samples and to find a possible relationship between resistance patterns and plasmid profile. Salmonella isolates were tested against 12 commonly used antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method to determine the resistance Patterns while plasmid DNA was extracted using Plasmid Miniprep method and separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. All strains Isolated were sensitive to Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Kanamycin and Amikacin. Isolated strains also showed resistance to Cotrimoxazole (20%), Erythromycin (90%), Ampicillin (90%), naladixic acid (30%), Cephalothin (13%), Tetracycline (60%), Gentamycin (4%) and Chloramphenicol (10%). Plasmid analysis of clinical isolates showed the presence of 1 to 5 plasmids with size range of 1.8 to 115 MDa. In conclusion, the number of antibiotics a Salmonella strain is resistant to may be directly related to the number of plasmids present in that strain. Therefore, recommended antimicrobials for the treatment of infections caused by Salmonella spp. should be based on a recent antibiogram tests

Technology Applications Based Ecosystem Conservation in the Beach Basaan, Southeast Minahasa Regency , North Sulawesi

In fact the use or the use of resources and territory or coastal area showed a significant rate. Yet on the other hand the availability of space and resources are in a dilemma because the rate is followed by the use of more that do not consider the sustainability of the resource. It is crucial to increase with increasing population. One of the consequences or impact most noticeably is the damage to the environment, both natural environment in general and specifically the environment of coastal areas. From various studies and concern, for while the environmental damage that occurs in the context of use (exploitation) of natural resources because of: 1) Lack of or perhaps the lack of an integrated approach to the planning and management of resources that are in the coastal region; 2) Lack of adequate information and data to be used as a reference in the management; 3) Lack of community involvement in the management of local government may hoarse coastal power. Management of small -scale coastal resources is an activity in the village / urban neighborhoods implemented as an effort of institutional capacity building and community, improving the quality of the environment, as well as socio-economic improvement of the quality of society by using technology appropriate management of coastal areas for the community. These activities are grouped into 3 categories: 1. Capacity building society in the management of coastal and marine resources through training and mentoring, 2. Environmental improvement activities that influence the activities in improving welfare, 3. The development of alternative employmen