Giant Ectopic Ureter Mimicking Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Case Report

Ectopic ureter is one of the most common urinary tract anomalies. We, herein, present a case of a giant ureter with ectopic orifice, mimicking pelvic organ prolapse, which is the first in the literature. A 59-year-old female patient presenting with frequently recurrent urinary tract infection had grade 3 pelvic organ prolapse. On examination, the organ producing the appearance of prolapse was found to be a right ureter of giant size and was obstructed by a large stone at the distal segment. The proximal end of the ureter ended blindly. After exploration, the stone was removed, the ureter was detached from the urethra, and the lumen was tied off and cut 5 cm proximally. At 6 months postoperatively, the patient is being followed up without any clinical problems. In such cases with nonfunctioning renal segment draining proximally, the chance of cure can be obtained without a need for a comprehensive intervention such as total abdominal ureterectomy

The frequency of phimosis in patients who underwent circumcision

Bu retrospektif çalışmada, sünnet uyguladığımız çocuklarda patolojik fimozisin sıklığını ve önemini ortaya konmak amaçlandı. Ocak 1994-Ağustos 2000 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde sünnet uygulanan 490 çocuğun verileri incelendi. Olguların işlem öncesi muayenesinde saptanan fimozis sıklığı yaş gruplarına göre değerlendirildi. Sünnet öncesi yapılan genital muayenede toplam 34 (% 6.93) çocukta fimozis varlığı saptandı. 490 olgudan ayrıca 3' ünde (%0.6) unilateral hidrosel, 2' sinde (% 0.4) anterior hipospadias ve yine iki olguda (% 0.4) tek taraflı inmemiş testis saptandı. Yaş gruplarına göre değerlendirildiğinde, fimozis görülme sıklığının yaş ilerledikçe azaldığı belirlendi. Çalışmamızda 0-3 yaş gurubu çocuklarda fimozisin daha sık görüldüğünü belirledik. Yaşla birlikte görülme sıklığı azalmaktaydı. Bu nedenle ilk 3 yaş grubundaki fimozis'li olgularda topikal tedavi önerilebilir. Tıbbi tedaviye yanıt alınamayan ve enfeksiyon saptanan olgularda ise sünnet uygulaması düşünülmelidir.To establish the frequency and importance of pathological phimosis in children who underwent circumcision. A review of the frequency and importance of phimosis was performed in 490 children who underwent circumcision between January 1994 and August 2000 at our clinic. The frequency of phimosis according to age groups was evaluated. Overall 34 (% 6.93) children had typical phimosis before circumcision. Furthermore among the 490 patients, 3 (%0.6) had unilateral hydroceles, 2 (%0.4) had anterior hypospadias and 2 (%0.4) had unilateral cryptorchidism. The frequency of phimosis decreased gradually in older groups. In this study, we determined a higher frequency of phimosis in children between ages 0-3. The frequency decreased with age. For this reason, topical therapy should be administered before 3 years of age and circumcision should be reserved for patients who have infection or do not respond to medical therapy

Cryptosporidium spp. in Dogs - Prevalence and Genotype Distribution

Background: Cryptosporidium spp. is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that affects the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. The disease can cause acute and chronic diarrhoea and even death in both humans and animals. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of Cryptosporidiosis in shelter dogs in Diyarbakır province located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Materials, Methods & Results: The animal material of the study consisted of 100 dogs of different breeds and sexes. Faecal samples were collected from the rectum with disposable latex gloves and placed in individual sample containers.  All of the samples were examined for Cryptosporidium  spp. by Kinyoun Acid Fast and Nested PCR methods. In the Kinyoun Acid Fast staining method, firstly, smear preparations were prepared from fresh faecal samples, fixed in pure methanol for 1 min and allowed to dry. The slides were kept in Kinyoun Carbol-Fuxin for 5 min, dipped in 50% ethyl alcohol, shaken, washed in tap water, kept in 1% sulphuric acid for 2 min and washed in tap water.  The slides were kept in methylene blue for 1 min, washed in tap water and allowed to dry. After drying, immersion oil was dripped and examined under a microscope at 100 magnification. DNA extraction was performed from all samples using GeneMATRIX Stool DNA Purification Kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. After Nested PCR analysis was performed. In the PCR step, primers 5'-TTCTAGAGCTAATACATGCG-3' and 5'- CCCATTTCCTTCCTTCGAAACAGGA-3' were used to amplify the 1325 bp gene region. In the nested PCR step, primers 5'- GGAAGGGTTGTATTTATTTATTAGATAAAG-3' and 5'-AAGGAGTAAGGAACAACCTCCA-3' were used to amplify the 826-864 bp gene region. As a result of both methods, a prevalence of 3% was determined. The infection rate was higher in males (3.57%) than females (2.27%) and in younger than 1 year (5.56%) than in older than 1 year (1.56%). The DNA sequences obtained from the sequence analysis of 3 positive PCR samples were analysed in BioEdit software. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the data set created by using the 18s rRNA gene sequences obtained from the NCBI genbank database and the DNA sequences obtained as a result of the study, and it was shown which Cryptosporidium species the study samples were related to. Today, many Cryptosporidium species have been identified and most of these species have host adaptation. Although C. canis is the most common species in dogs, C. muris, C. meleagridis, and C. parvum have also been detected. Among these species, C. parvum is recognized as a zoonotic species infecting a wide range of mammals. In this study, DNA sequencing of nested PCR positive samples revealed that 3 samples were zoonotic C. parvum. Discussion: This suggests that dogs may be a reservoir for zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium.  Consequently, it is recommended that people should be informed about the potential for transmission of this protozoan to humans and animals and that control programmes should be implemented, including the prevention of free entry of stray dogs into public places and homes. Keywords: Cryptosporidium  parvum, molecular analysis, canine, Diyarbakır, Turkey

Molecular Survey of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Aborted Fetuses of Sheep in the Iğdır Province of Türkiye

Toxoplasma gondii, an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite, can infect a wide range of warm-blooded animals, including livestock species. T. gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that affects both humans and other warm-blooded animals. The aim of this study was to detect T. gondii by using PCR in the brain tissues of 60 aborted sheep fetuses from the Iğdır Province in Türkiye. For this purpose, 60 brain tissue samples of sheep were collected within the lambing seasons of 2023 in Iğdır, Türkiye. The DNA extraction was performed using the PureLink™ Genomic DNA Mini Kit from brain samples. The PCR was performed with the appropriate primers from the obtained DNA samples. T. gondii was found in the brain (16.6%) samples of aborted sheep fetuses. According to the present study, T. gondii infection can be one of the causes of fetus abortion of sheep in Iğdır province, Türkiye. This result emphasizes the need for vigilance and preventive measures in managing this potential public and animal health concerns

Report of a European Society of Cardiology-European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions task force on the evaluation of coronary stents in Europe: executive summary

The evaluation for European Union market approval of coronary stents falls under the Medical Device Directive that was adopted in 1993. Specific requirements for the assessment of coronary stents are laid out in supplementary advisory documents. In response to a call by the European Commission to make recommendations for a revision of the advisory document on the evaluation of coronary stents (Appendix 1 of MEDDEV 2.7.1), the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) established a Task Force to develop an expert advisory report. As basis for its report, the ESC-EAPCI Task Force reviewed existing processes, established a comprehensive list of all coronary drug-eluting stents that have received a CE mark to date, and undertook a systematic review of the literature of all published randomized clinical trials evaluating clinical and angiographic outcomes of coronary artery stents between 2002 and 2013. Based on these data, the TF provided recommendations to inform a new regulatory process for coronary stents. The main recommendations of the task force include implementation of a standardized non-clinical assessment of stents and a novel clinical evaluation pathway for market approval. The two-stage clinical evaluation plan includes recommendation for an initial pre-market trial with objective performance criteria (OPC) benchmarking using invasive imaging follow-up leading to conditional CE-mark approval and a subsequent mandatory, large-scale randomized trial with clinical endpoint evaluation leading to unconditional CE-mark. The data analysis from the systematic review of the Task Force may provide a basis for determination of OPC for use in future studies. This paper represents an executive summary of the Task Force's repor

Molecular Survey of the Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in brain tissue of aborted fetuses of Morkaraman sheep in Muş, Türkiye

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that can affect different warm-blooded species worldwide. In this study, it was aimed to detect T. gondii and N. caninum using PCR method in brain tissues of aborted sheep fetuses. Brain specimens were collected from 50 Morkaraman sheep fetuses that had undergone abortion at various stages of pregnancy, within the lambing seasons of 2023 in Muş. Approximately 1 cm³ of brain tissue from the right cerebral hemisphere was excised and subsequently frozen at -20°C for DNA extraction. DNA extraction and PCR amplification were then performed. As a result of this study, 11 (22%) of 50 brain tissues were positive. All brain samples examined in this study were negative for Neospora caninum. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to say that T. gondii is an important abortion agent in sheep in this region. Although N. caninum was not detected in this study, larger scale studies are recommended. Moreover, this study provides important information to breeders and veterinarians in the field in the evaluation and management of abortion

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Treatment of Large Intracranial Aneurysms Using the Woven EndoBridge (WEB): A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is primarily used for treating wide-neck intracranial bifurcation aneurysms under 10 mm. Limited data exists on its efficacy for large aneurysms. We aim to assess angiographic and clinical outcomes of the WEB device in treating large versus small aneurysms. We conducted a retrospective review of the WorldWide WEB Consortium database, from 2011 to 2022, across 30 academic institutions globally. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to compare small and large aneurysms on baseline characteristics. A total of 898 patients were included. There was no significant difference observed in clinical presentations, smoking status, pretreatment mRS, presence of multiple aneurysms, bifurcation location, or prior treatment between the two groups. After PSM, 302 matched pairs showed significantly lower last follow-up adequate occlusion rates (81% vs 90%, p = 0.006) and higher retreatment rates (12% vs 3.6%, p \u3c 0.001) in the large aneurysm group. These findings may inform treatment decisions and patient counseling. Future studies are needed to further explore this area

THE BEHEADING AS A PUNISH METHOD IN TARCAMA-I TAWARIH-I SHARAF KHAN

Kafa kesme, klasik cezalandırma yöntemlerinden biridir. Savaş meydanlarında kafa kesme, en iyi, en kestirme, en sonuç alıcı bir öldürme ya da etkisizleştirme yöntemi olarak kullanılmıştır. Sınırlı imkânlara sahip bir gücün kendi rakibini ya da düşmanını en hızlı ve en kesin bir şekilde etkisiz hâle getirmesi gerekmektedir. Kafa kesme, ceza hukukunda da âdeta vazgeçilemez bir infaz yöntemi olarak uygulanmıştır. Bu makalede Şeref-nâme tercümesindeki "kafa kesme" motifine yer verilmiştir. Şeref-nâme, 1597 tarihinde Şeref ibni Şemseddin tarafından Farsça olarak yazılmıştır. Şeref-nâme, yazıldıktan sonra Arapça, Türkçe, Fransızca, Rusça, Kürtçe gibi doğu ve batı dillerine çevrilmiştir. Şimdiye kadar Şeref-nâme'nin Türkçeye tercüme edilmediği kanaati hâkim olmuştur. Ancak eserin farklı zamanlarda doğrudan Farsçadan yapılmış olan iki ayrı Türkçe tercümesi tespit edilmiştir. Bu tercümelerden biri Mehmed b. Ahmed tarafından yapılmıştır. Bu tercümenin üç ayrı nüshası tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan ikisinin tarihi tespit edilememiş, diğerinde de 1080/1669 tarihine yer verilmiştir. Şerefnâme'nin Türkçe tercümelerinden bir diğeri olan Terceme-i Tevârîh-i Şeref Hân ise Şem'î tarafından 1092/1682 yılında yazılmıştır. Bu tercümenin de iki nüshası elde bulunmaktadır. Burada kafa kesme şeklinde gerçekleşen insan hayatına son verme formu, Klasik Türk edebiyatı metinlerinden ve özellikle Terceme-i Tevârîh-i Şeref Hân adlı tercüme eserden örnekler verilerek işlenmiştir. Bu çerçevede "kafa kesme" neyi ifade etmektedir; neden böyle bir yönteme başvurulmaktadır gibi sorulara cevaplar aranmıştırBeheading is one of the classic methods of punishment. It has been used the best, the most direct results receiver as a killing or deactivation method on battlefields. A power with limited resources request to neutralize his opponent or enemy the fastest and the surest way. Beheading was administered almost indispensable execution method in criminal law. This article it is included the "beheading" motif in Sharafnama translation. Sharaf-nama was written by Sharaf ibn Shamsaddin in Persian language in 1597. Sharaf-nama has been translated after writing to the some eastern and western languages such as Arabic, Turkish, French, Russian, Kurdish. Until now it has been more remarkable that Sharaf-nama hasn’t been translated into Turkish language. But it has been determined that two different manuscripts of Sharaf-nama were directly translated by different translators from Persian language to Ottoman Turkish language at different times. One of these translations was translated by Mehmed b. Ahmed.It has been identified that there are three separate copies of this translation. The written date of these two copies were not determined, but the other copy has a date which is 1080/1669. Tarcama-i Tawarih-i Sharaf Khan is the other one of the Turkish translations of Sharaf-nama was translated by Sham’i in 1092/1682. It has also obtained two copies of this translation. In this text “beheading” realised to put an end to human life, is processed by giving examples from Diwan literature works and especially Tarcamai Tawarih-i Sharaf Khan. In this context some questions were answered: What is the beheading? Why are the people using this method