Child labour: the case study in Bangladesh

Child labour involves of person that age below than 17 years old. Child labour often happen in poor countries such as Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, the issue of child labour might be the biggest issue. Bangladesh come up with Bangladesh Labour Act (BLA) that did not allow any person age below from fourteen years old to work (Nawshin et al, 2019). One of the aim or purpose of this act is to prevent teen workers in order to get the proper payment of any work. This is because when organization use child labour, they might be paid at lower rate because children usually do not have much responsible in their family compared to teen workers. This indirectly cause an economic matter in a family

The effects of rho-associated kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on primary human corneal endothelial cells propagated using a dual media approach

10.1038/srep09167Scientific Reports

Solving river blindness disease in terms of progression by using SIR / Mohd Rahimie Md Noor... [et al.]

River blindness disease has become a major problem in Northern Nigeria, Africa especially in a rural agricultural land located to a nearby river edge. The population is at a higher risk of being infected for being very close to the breeding site of black fly or known as Simulium damnosum. The infected black fly caused the transmission of parasite to human body. This study focused on solving the River Blindness disease using the SIR model with vital dynamic.This paper aims to solve the ordinary differential equation (ODE) by using steady state theorem to identify the change percentage of susceptible, infected and recovery for the population in Northern Nigeria, Africa in a time period. The initial percentage of susceptible individual is 0.65 of the population, but only 0.01 of the susceptible individuals are infected with the disease and 0 of them has recovered. The progression of the disease after 90 days is predicted using the Euler Method in Matla

Artificial intelligence (AI)

“Artificial intelligence” is a synthetic term which – due to its suggestive potential – has caused many misunderstandings and false expectations. Its origin can be traced back to the year 1956. This year was important in many aspects. For example, the book “Automata Studies” came out, compiling now famous articles in the field of cybernetics (Shannon & McCarthy, 1956). Since the first appearance of the words “artificial intelligence”, usually associated with John McCarthy’s 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project, interest in the topic and research into the development of intelligent machines has seen several ups and downs

Fruit detection and recognition using faster R-CNN with FPN30 Pre-trained Network

Accurate and reliable fruit detection and recognition in orchards is critical for enabling higher-level agriculture tasks such as fruit picking. However, detecting and recognizing fruits with occlusion by neighboring fruits is extremely difficult. Faster R-CNN (Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network) is a well-known deep learning technology for object detection and recognition. Thus, this study investigates the application of Faster R-CNN for apple detection and recognition. Two different datasets have been constructed under variable illumination conditions and occlusion; an inter-class dataset that consists of images of apples and oranges, and an intra-class dataset that consists of images of two types of apples, namely fuji and royal gala apples. Results indicate that Faster R-CNN can detect and recognize apples from oranges, and the fuji apple in the orchards, with high accuracy. This suggests that Faster R-CNN can be used practically in the real orchard context

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Impact retrenchment of workers

Retrenchment in layman’s term is known as ‘reduction of workforce’ whereas in lawful terms it is respected as “termination of contract’. The industrial court restricted the utilization of the term ‘retrenchment’ to cruel a release of excess work. In the HR term, ‘retrenchment’ is characterized as a movement to legitimately end any work contract with the representative by advertising a recompense bundle. Such offer to conserve may come into as common acknowledgment or constrained upon by one party which of course would be the employer (Retrenchment – Understanding, Process and Procedures - rss - NHRC, 2014)

Maternity leave and paternity leave

Generally, maternity leave is a time of holiday given to women before and after childbirth. The leave is being given to the women to care for new-born child. This leave also for the mother to recover themselves after having an operation to having their child. Maternity leave also includes a leave before the expected birth. This is because to give a chance for the mother to have last preparation and wait until the last moment, so they can maximize their time with the baby once it arrives

Peroxiredoxin-1 regulates lipid peroxidation in corneal endothelial cells

Corneal transparency is maintained by a monolayer of corneal endothelial cells. Defects in corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs) can be rectified surgically through transplantation. Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the foremost cause of endothelial dysfunction and the leading indication for transplantation. Increased sensitivity of CEnCs to oxidative stress is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of FECD through increased apoptosis. In part, this is thought to be due to loss of NRF2 expression: a global regulator of oxidative stress. We demonstrate that expression of the redox sensor, peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) is selectively lost from CEnCs in FECD patient samples. We reveal that expression of PRDX1 is necessary to control the response of CEnCs to agents that cause lipid peroxidation. Iron-dependent lipid peroxidation drives non-apoptotic cell death termed ferroptosis. We establish that the inhibitor of ferroptosis, ferrostatin-1 rescues lipid peroxidation and cell death in CEnCs. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the transcription factor NRF2 similarly regulates lipid peroxidation in CEnCs.National Medical Research Council (NMRC)Published versionThis work was supported by the Singapore National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Clinician Scientist Award (NMRC/CSA-INV/0004/2015). The funding body had no role in study design, nor theanalysis and interpretation of data or the decision to publish

Statistics of retirement age around the world

Retirement can possibly be a distressing life progress in late adulthood, frequently setting off a wide scope of huge changes, for example, lost stable salary, detachment from partners at work and an expansion in unstructured time. Most people spend their adult years in the workhour so retirement represents freedom and rest. Retirement ages, or the age when some sort of government pension can be received, differs around the world. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average for a normal pension age is currently 64.3 years for men and 63.7 years for women (Baker, 2018)