Células estaminais de tecidos dentários: potencial na regeneração periodontal

As células estaminais são células indiferenciadas com uma ampla capacidade de diferenciação, com enorme potencial na regeneração tecidual. A biologia celular combinada com a engenharia tecidular, têm vindo a ampliar a capacidade de regeneração dos mais diversos tecidos, surgindo como estratégia promissora para abordar a doença periodontal – condição inflamatória crónica do periodonto que conduz à perda progressiva, irreversível dos tecidos de suporte. O objetivo do trabalho foi fazer uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa das propriedades das células estaminais dentárias e seu potencial de regeneração dos tecidos periodontais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa nos motores de busca Pubmed, Medline, Scielo, Google académico utilizando as palavras-chave “stem cells”, “mesenchymal stem cells”, “periodontal regeneration”. São inúmeras as evidencias do potencial das células estaminais mesenquimatosas na regeneração do periodonto, recorrendo diretamente às células ou aos seus exossomas – procedimentos inicialmente explorados em modelos animais e mais recentemente também em humanos com periodontite crónica.Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a wide differentiation capacity with an enormous potential in tissue regeneration. Cell biology and tissue engineering have increased the capacity of regeneration of the most diverse tissues and thus emerges as a promising strategy to approach periodontal disease – a chronic inflammatory condition of periodontium leading to progressive and irreversible loss of supporting tissues. The work aimed to make a bibliographic narrative review of the properties of dental stem cells and their potential for regeneration periodontal tissues. Research was carried out in Pubmed, Medline, Scielo and Google academic platforms and the keywords “stem cells”, “mesenchymal stem cells”, “periodontal regeneration” were used. There are numerous evidences of the potential of the mesenchymal stem cells in the regeneration of the periodontium, using directly the cells or their exosomes - procedures initially explored in animal models and more recently also in humans with chronic periodontitis

HEC-RAS hydraulic model for floodplain area in Sembrong river

The study of floodplain is significant to human life and social economy. It can be seen that by using most computer models, locations of structures affected by floodwaters, such as bridges and roads cannot be effectively compared to the floodplain location in stream floodplain analysis. The purpose of this study is to develop an output of Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) hydraulic model and to enable one dimensional steady flow analysis. This study is applied to Sembrong river catchment area, located in Batu Pahat. Floodplain data features such as length of streams, bank position, streamline and cross-sections were used to produce river flow and its cross-sectional shape for each station along the study area. Total of 7 flow rate values were used to indicate an increase in the water level in order to accommodate the additional amount of water that flow into river. The results show that water will overflow into the floodplain at maximum flow rate of 24 m3 /s. The hydraulic model had indicated that 33 out of 65 stations were unable to accommodate the maximum flow rate and thus will led to flooding. By developing the hydraulic model, it clearly shows that the results are more reliable and the affected area can be easily identified. The developed flood model can be a very useful tool in flood management of Sembrong river in terms of river development planning, flood mitigation measures, flood evacuation planning and addressing public awareness. This study proved that HEC-RAS is one of effective instrument for analysis and modeling

Standard Operating Procedure for the Arrests and Detentions of Individuals with Autism in Four Countries

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is categorized under neuro-developmental disorders. Individuals with this disorder experience deficits in social interaction and communication skills as well as repetitive patterns of thoughts and behaviours. The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the similarities and differences in Malaysian PDRM Autism SOPs with other countries, namely Malaysia, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, and four countries in the United States, namely, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Illinois, and Virginia. This research focuses on discussing the important elements emphasized in SOPs and some aspects of similarities and differences between them. The research design is based on document analysis. The data were analyzed descriptively and thematically. Research results that autistic people put them at risk of committing violations of the law without realizing or intending to do so. Since they are also categorized as persons with disabilities, they are thus entitled to legal guarantees appropriate to their status. Therefore, their rights to equality and non-discrimination as persons with disabilities attracted worldwide attention holistically, resulting in specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in several countries, including Malaysia, namely, the Royal Malaysian Police Autism SOP (PDRM). Likewise, there are several important elements outlined in all SOPs, in aspects of their application, legal references, methods of arrest and detention, and intermediary assistance, and there are some similarities and differences between the SOPs analyzed. The implications of this study show the importance of SOPs for autism arrest and prisoners, to meet their specific legal needs

Victimized students' experiences of bullying: A phenomenological approach

Introduction: Today, bullying is one of the most common problems in schools. Many quantitative researches have been conducted to understand the different aspects of this phenomenon, but very few qualitative researches have been performed in this area. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine bullied students' experiences of victimization in order to understand the nature of victimization more deeply. Method: This qualitative research has been based on the interpretative paradigm and conducted using the phenomenological approach. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 bullied students who had the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. Results: The findings revealed three main themes of "reasons for victimization", "the consequences of victimization", and "ways to deal with bullying" and twelve subthemes. Conclusion: Investigation of experiences of bullied students revealed that victimization has various psychological, social, behavioral, and academic consequences for these students. Moreover, data analysis showed that schools and families are major factors in the incidence of bullying and can also have a major role in dealing with bullying. Keywords: bullying, phenomenology, Vivtim Students

A Review on the Causes, Effects and Mitigation of Climate Changes on the Environmental Aspects

Abstract Climate change is often used interchangeably with the term global warming but, it is a much broader term which includes global warming and some other climate changes that are observed on our planet over the last few decades. In recent time climate change impacts are being felt, the average global temperature is on the rise every decade since the 1970s. Sea ice and glaciers are disappearing, rising sea levels, species are becoming extinct, droughts that render landscape more susceptible to wildfires, changing seasons and severe weather events are becoming more common. These are problems primarily caused by the emission of greenhouse gases into the environment that results to rise in global temperature. There seems to be a consensus among scientist, researchers and all other stakeholders that climate change is already happening and primarily caused by human activities, a few disagree with this view and attribute climate change as a natural phenomenon. The objective of this paper is to (i) introduce climate change in our world today, (ii) enumerate significant causes of climate change in our environment, as well as the effects (iii), suggest ways the impact of climate change due to GHG emissions and other contributors can be mitigated

Flood Modelling Studies Using River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) For Flood Plain Area in Muar City

Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster and occur when heavy precipitation for days or even weeks. Floods will cause extensive destruction, resulting in loss of life and disruption to personal property and vital infrastructure for public health. In this study, HEC-RAS model was used to identify the flood prone area and to determine cross section at floodplain area along the stream network. The study was conducted in the area Muar, Johor. The methodology involved collection of parameters such as length of stream, lateral & elevation of coordinates, streamline and flow data to perform a hydraulic simulation. Different value of flowrate had been used by using the manning equation to estimate the drainage or channel capability to manage the flowrate. The number of station for each cross section need to locate in order to simulate the cross section along the river or channel. Meanwhile, the result outcome will show the cross section for each station. From the result, the analysis of the cross section include with the affected area of floodplain was identified. According to the hydraulic model generated by HEC-RAS software, 7 of 20 stations found will be flood for the 10 years return period since they were unable to accommodate the water flow. By doing this research, the flood model will be developed and HEC-RAS software is one of the tool that can analyse and model for the floodplain area. In a meantime, the government can control and give an early warning about the flood incident

Flood Modelling Studies Using River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) For Flood Plain Area in Muar City

Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster and occur when heavy precipitation for days or even weeks. Floods will cause extensive destruction, resulting in loss of life and disruption to personal property and vital infrastructure for public health. In this study, HEC-RAS model was used to identify the flood prone area and to determine cross section at floodplain area along the stream network. The study was conducted in the area Muar, Johor. The methodology involved collection of parameters such as length of stream, lateral & elevation of coordinates, streamline and flow data to perform a hydraulic simulation. Different value of flowrate had been used by using the manning equation to estimate the drainage or channel capability to manage the flowrate. The number of station for each cross section need to locate in order to simulate the cross section along the river or channel. Meanwhile, the result outcome will show the cross section for each station. From the result, the analysis of the cross section include with the affected area of floodplain was identified. According to the hydraulic model generated by HEC-RAS software, 7 of 20 stations found will be flood for the 10 years return period since they were unable to accommodate the water flow. By doing this research, the flood model will be developed and HEC-RAS software is one of the tool that can analyse and model for the floodplain area. In a meantime, the government can control and give an early warning about the flood incident

Field performance of a constructed litter trap with oil and grease filter using low-cost materials

The current study was conducted to develop a litter trap by using crushed clay as an adsorbent media filter to reduce oil and grease (O&G) contents in residential wastewater and then to prevent the degradation of the environment and natural water bodies. Clay acts as a magnet, drawing the oil molecules out of the water and causing them to attach to the surfaces of the clay. The trap was built using Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and bamboo and installed at site-specific discharge points of storm water for removal of O&G. A total of twenty-four (24) wastewater samples were collected before and after the filtration The design achieved 94% of O&G removal. However, the removal efficiency deepened on the rainfall intensity, the increasing of rainfall effect negatively on the removal percentage of O&G. Nonetheless, the designed system exhibited a potential to remove O&G from the residential wastewater

Principles regarding the use of haram (forbidden) sources in food processing: a critical Islamic analysis

Islam has prepared and outlined clear rules and regulations regarding all types of food, including food from haram sources (forbidden based on the Islamic religion) derived from animals and other bases. This article critically reflects on general Fiqh principles that have been debated by Islamic clerics and renowned experts on Islamic Fiqh regarding this thorny issue. Fiqh scholars, for instance, argue that the halal status of each and every food product could easily be determined by examining how that product was processed from the very beginning. In this sense, if the original source of the product is halal then the final processed product is also deemed halal. Contrarily, if the original source of the product is haram then the final processed product will be considered haram, if the source is dirty, illicit and/or unclean in the eyes of Islam. Even though the final processed product has changed so much in its basic constituents, this product will still be considered haram. Jurists from the Maliki and Hanafi, on the other hand, every item that is considered haram and unclean can be considered halal and fit for consumption or use in the eyes of Islam provided the original item has changed so much from its original make up. That said, jurists from all four sects seem to agree that any new products that can cause detriment and harm to human beings, either directly or otherwise, should be considered impure and haram for consumption and other indirect uses

Sound absorption for concrete containing polyethylene terephthalate waste

Plastic solid waste generation increases every year with the current consumption habit prevalent in society nowadays. The improper disposal of plastic has been a major concern to the environment as it is not easily degradable. The issue of environmental pollution caused by polyethene terephthalates (PET) has been extensively discussed and the best solution proposed is recycling. Fibre Concrete (FC) was a composite material resulting from the addition of fibres to ordinary concrete. The objective of this research was to determine the acoustic absorption coefficient of concrete containing 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% of PET fibre compared to normal concrete. In this study, straight and irregular recycled PET fibres were used. The fibres were simply cut from PET plastic bottles. The length and width of recycling PET fibre were fixed at 25 mm and 5 mm respectively. The chosen percentages were 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% of fiber. A water-cement ratio of 0.45 was acceptable for all ranges. The tests that were conduct include the slump test, compression test, and impedance tube test. The specimens were tested on day 7 and day 28 after the concrete is mixed. The end of this research results for the compressive strength of normal concrete after 28 days of curing was 48.2 MPa while concrete with 0.5% PET, 1.0 % PET, 1.5% PET and 2.0% PET recorded a compressive strength of 50.9 MPa, 49.8 MPa, 47.9 MPa and 46.6 MPa respectively. The result of the impedance test received at age 28 days was 0.13 for normal concrete and 0.16, 0.14, 0.16 MPa, and 0.14 for 0.5% PET, 1.0 % PET, 1.5% PET and 2.0% PET respectively. In conclusion, the aspect ratio of the fibres to the concrete must be correlated to avoid reducing durability. In conclusion, the addition of 0.5% PET recycled fibre into concrete showed the best value in terms of strength and 0.16 for the sound absorption coefficient