BIOLOGY of Trissolcus Latisulcus Crawford (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an EGG PARASITOID of Chrysocoris Javanus Westw (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)

The biology of Trissolcus latisulcus Crawford was studied on eggs of Chrysocoris javanus Westw (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) which is a serious pest of Jatropha curcas L.. The aim of this study was to investigate the biology of Trissolcus latisulcus as a basic knowledge for developing a more suitable biological control programme in controlling the pest C. javanus. The current laboratory study was designed to evaluate developmental duration from egg to adult of C. javanus under room condition temperature: 28.18 + 0.59°C and RH 56.33 + 4.27%. The results showed that the life cycle of immature T.latisulcus consisted of egg, larva ( three instars) , prepupa, pupa. The longevity period of each stadium was one day, four days, one day, and five days respectively. The development time from egg to adult took 12.66 + 1.22 days for female and 11.91 ± 0.73 days for males.The life time from egg to dead adult was 17.40 + 7.38 days for female and 23.70 ± 9.49 days for males. The egg of T.latisulcus was stalked type, the first instar larva was teleaform type and the third instar larva was hymenopteriform type

The molecular landscape and associated clinical experience in infant medulloblastoma: prognostic significance of second-generation subtypes

Aims: Biomarker‐driven therapies have not been developed for infant medulloblastoma (iMB). We sought to robustly sub‐classify iMB, and proffer strategies for personalized, risk‐adapted therapies. Methods: We characterized the iMB molecular landscape, including second‐generation subtyping, and the associated retrospective clinical experience, using large independent discovery/validation cohorts (n = 387). Results: iMBGrp3 (42%) and iMBSHH (40%) subgroups predominated. iMBGrp3 harboured second‐generation subtypes II/III/IV. Subtype II strongly associated with large‐cell/anaplastic pathology (LCA; 23%) and MYC amplification (19%), defining a very‐high‐risk group (0% 10yr overall survival (OS)), which progressed rapidly on all therapies; novel approaches are urgently required. Subtype VII (predominant within iMBGrp4) and subtype IV tumours were standard risk (80% OS) using upfront CSI‐based therapies; randomized‐controlled trials of upfront radiation‐sparing and/or second‐line radiotherapy should be considered. Seventy‐five per cent of iMBSHH showed DN/MBEN histopathology in discovery and validation cohorts (P < 0.0001); central pathology review determined diagnosis of histological variants to WHO standards. In multivariable models, non‐DN/MBEN pathology was associated significantly with worse outcomes within iMBSHH. iMBSHH harboured two distinct subtypes (iMBSHH‐I/II). Within the discriminated favourable‐risk iMBSHH DN/MBEN patient group, iMBSHH‐II had significantly better progression‐free survival than iMBSHH‐I, offering opportunities for risk‐adapted stratification of upfront therapies. Both iMBSHH‐I and iMBSHH‐II showed notable rescue rates (56% combined post‐relapse survival), further supporting delay of irradiation. Survival models and risk factors described were reproducible in independent cohorts, strongly supporting their further investigation and development. Conclusions: Investigations of large, retrospective cohorts have enabled the comprehensive and robust characterization of molecular heterogeneity within iMB. Novel subtypes are clinically significant and subgroup‐dependent survival models highlight opportunities for biomarker‐directed therapies

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p&lt;0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p&lt;0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

BIOLOGY OF Trissolcus latisulcus Crawford (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), AN EGG PARASITOID OF Chrysocoris javanus Westw (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)

The biology of Trissolcus latisulcus Crawford was studied on eggs of Chrysocoris javanus Westw (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) which is a serious pest of Jatropha curcas L.. The aim of this study was to investigate the biology of Trissolcus latisulcus as a basic knowledge for developing a more suitable biological control programme in controlling the pest C. javanus. The current laboratory study was designed to evaluate developmental duration from egg to adult of C. javanus under room condition temperature: 28.18 + 0.59°C and RH 56.33 + 4.27%. The results showed that the life cycle of immature T.latisulcus consisted of egg, larva ( three instars), prepupa, pupa. The longevity period of each stadium was one day, four days, one day, and five days respectively. The deve-lopment time from egg to adult took 12.66 + 1.22 days for female and 11.91 ± 0.73 days for males.The life time from egg to dead adult was 17.40 + 7.38 days for female and 23.70 ± 9.49 days for males. The egg of T.latisulcus was stalked type, the first instar larva was teleaform type and the third instar larva was hymenop-teriform type

The molecular landscape and associated clinical experience in infant medulloblastoma prognostic significance of second-generation subtypes

Aims: Biomarker‐driven therapies have not been developed for infant medulloblastoma (iMB). We sought to robustly sub‐classify iMB, and proffer strategies for personalized, risk‐adapted therapies. Methods: We characterized the iMB molecular landscape, including second‐generation subtyping, and the associated retrospective clinical experience, using large independent discovery/validation cohorts (n = 387). Results: iMBGrp3 (42%) and iMBSHH (40%) subgroups predominated. iMBGrp3 harboured second‐generation subtypes II/III/IV. Subtype II strongly associated with large‐cell/anaplastic pathology (LCA; 23%) and MYC amplification (19%), defining a very‐high‐risk group (0% 10yr overall survival (OS)), which progressed rapidly on all therapies; novel approaches are urgently required. Subtype VII (predominant within iMBGrp4) and subtype IV tumours were standard risk (80% OS) using upfront CSI‐based therapies; randomized‐controlled trials of upfront radiation‐sparing and/or second‐line radiotherapy should be considered. Seventy‐five per cent of iMBSHH showed DN/MBEN histopathology in discovery and validation cohorts (P < 0.0001); central pathology review determined diagnosis of histological variants to WHO standards. In multivariable models, non‐DN/MBEN pathology was associated significantly with worse outcomes within iMBSHH. iMBSHH harboured two distinct subtypes (iMBSHH‐I/II). Within the discriminated favourable‐risk iMBSHH DN/MBEN patient group, iMBSHH‐II had significantly better progression‐free survival than iMBSHH‐I, offering opportunities for risk‐adapted stratification of upfront therapies. Both iMBSHH‐I and iMBSHH‐II showed notable rescue rates (56% combined post‐relapse survival), further supporting delay of irradiation. Survival models and risk factors described were reproducible in independent cohorts, strongly supporting their further investigation and development. Conclusions: Investigations of large, retrospective cohorts have enabled the comprehensive and robust characterization of molecular heterogeneity within iMB. Novel subtypes are clinically significant and subgroup‐dependent survival models highlight opportunities for biomarker‐directed therapies