Eclecticism: The Main Stay Of Social Studies

The genesis of eclecticism can be traced to the time of certain Greek thinkers who were generally grouped as eclectics. The name was later transferred to Leibniz and Cousin. All this was in the Second and First centuries B.C. Eclecticism, according to Chambers English Dictionary is “selecting or borrowing; choosing the best out of everything; broad, the opposite of exclusive”. The emphasis of Social Studies is getting the best out of other disciplines which will enhance the tack of Social Studies in understanding man and his environments which can be Social, economic, cultural, political, historical, religious, geographic, scientific and technological

Performance Improvement of Wireless Network Based on Effective Data Transmission

A major requirement of any computer network is scalability. This can be as a result of increase in the number of users, upgrading due to technological advancement, additional services, or the need for performance improvement. This will inevitably require changing infrastructure, deploying new applications, and dealing with security which definitely touches both hardware and software, in the sense that, the complexities of the hardware, software and firmware increase with the attendant growth of the network and maintainability. However, for the network to remain reliable and efficient, it is necessary that, implementation and administration of it requires a means of monitoring both the model of the network structures and processes occurring in them. The efficiency and throughput of the network depend on improving the effectiveness of data transmission carried out by the network protocols. This paper discusses the use of a protocol to meet the technological challenge towards improving the performance and throughput of a wireless network based on effective data transmission

Climate Change,Urban Degreening and Flooding in Nigerian Cities:Reducing Vulnerability Through Polycentric Planning and Urban Greeenery Strategy(PPUGS)

This paper uses the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to analyse the missing links in attempts to address the problems of flooding in Nigerian cities. Previous flooding and the recent ones have been attributed to heavy downpour, blockage of water channels and drainages, indiscriminate dumping of refuse and building of houses along channels. Areas that are neglected but pertinent to flood mitigation include: (1) degreening activities that remove green cover; (2) paving of open spaces with asphalt and concrete that accentuate storm water volume as percolation is reduced; and (3) unpaved surfaces that generate debris and silts that cause siltation and sedimentation of Atlantic Ocean and Lagoon with the consequence of rising sea level and coastal flooding. The paper reports the findings of longitudinal studies on causative factors of urban flooding. The studies commenced in Ile-Ife and Ibadan in 1997, conducted in Lagos in 1998-2000 and 2011 and in Ibadan in 2011 and 2012. The paper identified gaps between and among the stakeholders in environmentalism and ecosystemic balance at state and local levels. Indications from Ile-Ife, Lagos and Ibadan show that the three cities are experiencing degreening activities. For example, in Ile-Ife and Lagos, the green areas account for the least proportions, 24.1% and 27% of open spaces around buildings respectively, while 75.9% and 73.0% of the available open spaces are either paved or unpaved with the problem of heat radiation that demands additional energy for operating artificial cooling system and consequently increased global warming. In addition, degreening activities cause flooding. As more and more land is urbanised, and trees and grasses are replaced by asphalt and concrete, rainwater has less chance to be absorbed. Thus, storm water rushes down the streets while areas that were never flooded are now routinely under water. Other studies in Lagos show that: (i) there is an increase in the rate of sedimentation and sea level rise (ii) rainstorms in the city have become more intense and urban flooding will be more severe. Floods have devastated many parts of Lagos and Ibadan leading to loss of several lives and property and the displacement of several people. Statistics confirms that between 2011 and 2012, more than 150 billion naira (about $1 billion) was lost in Lagos, while 2,105 buildings were flooded in Ibadan with property damaged estimated in billions of Naira. As a result, the Lagos and Oyo States‟ Governments spent several millions of Naira on relief to the victims. This paper raises some fundamental questions on the roles of stakeholders (scholars, public officials, practitioners, professionals and citizens) within the built environment in designing strategies at mitigating urban flooding. This paper considered it imperative for the adoption of pragmatic and problem-solving strategies that can help in mitigating flooding in Lagos and Ibadan. Consequently, the paper designs an African Polycentric Urban Greenery Model (APUGM) that can be applied to addressing the challenges of flooding in the two cities. The paper emphasizes, among other considerations, the use of traducture in reaching the grassroots for solution to the recurrent challenges of flooding. The paper also designs strategies that Lagos and Oyo states‟ governments could adopt for the depopulation of the two cities – Lagos and Ibadan respectively through de-urbanisation, de-migration and re-migration

Foraminiferal Assemblage and Palaeoenvironment: A Case Study of Meren 31 Side Tract -2 Well, Offshore Niger Delta

A total of one hundred and thirty seven (137) ditch cutting samples retrieved from a well in shallow offshore western Niger delta were composited to sixty-nine (69) and analyzed to determine the microfossils that characterized and for environmental reconstruction of that portion of the Niger delta. Twenty-two (22) benthonic species aside the indeterminate benthos were found in the interval studied. Prominent among them are the following calcareous species: Lenticulina inornata, Quinqueloculina microcostata, Quinqueloculina Lamarckiana, Heterolepa floridana, Heterolepa. pseudoungeriana, Marginulina costata, Cibicides spp., Amphicoryna scalaris caudata, Lagena spp., and Lagena striata. The arenaceous forms identified include Ammobaculites spp., Haplophragmoides sp., Alveolophragmium crassum, Cyclammina spp. and Poritextularia panamensis. Deep water species identified include Verneuillina sp., Karrerialla spp., and Karreriella siphonella. Two informal benthonic zones were proposed for the interval, which also falls within Agbada Formation. They are Heterolepa Pseudoungeriana Informal Zone (1507 m – 1945 m) and    Lenticulina Inornata Informal Zone (2420 m– 2758 m) suggesting the depth range studied to be deposited during Early to middle Miocene. The sediments were deposited within inner to middle neritic environment, inner neritic environment and coastal deltaic environments. Keywords:  Benthonic, Agbada Formation, Heterolepa Pseudoungeriana, Lenticulina Inornata, paleodepth

Attitude of crop farmers towards e-wallet platform of the Growth Enhancement Support Scheme for input delivery in Oke-Ogun area of Oyo state

E-wallet-powered Growth Enhancement Support Scheme was designed by the Nigerian Government to facilitate and improve farmers’ prompt access to agricultural information and input services. An assessment of the pilot phase of the scheme becomes necessary for an effective implementation. The study therefore assessed the attitude of crop farmers towards the e-wallet platform of the Growth Enhancement Support Scheme. A total of 120 crop farmers across the study area were sampled through a simple random sampling method. Data were collected through a well-structured interview schedule, and analysed using percentages, PPMC and Chi-square. Farmers’ mean age was 47 years. Majority were males, married and have an average of 15 years farming experience. Maize and cassava were the most grown crops. Majority indicated non commitment of the ADP and long distance to redemption centre as major constraints to use of e-wallet. More than half had favourable attitude towards the e-wallet platform of the Scheme. There is significant relationship between the years of farming and educational level with farmers’ attitude towards the e-wallet. Constraints faced also had negative influence on attitude to the scheme. Establishment of more redemption centres to stop the rigor of long queues and reduce long distance covered before accessing the centres will make prompt access to information targeted by e-wallet achieve desired end.</jats:p

Monte Carlo Study of Some Classification-Based Ridge Parameter Estimators

Ridge estimator in linear regression model requires a ridge parameter, K, of which many have been proposed. In this study, estimators based on Dorugade (2014) and Adnan et al. (2014) were classified into different forms and various types using the idea of Lukman and Ayinde (2015). Some new ridge estimators were proposed. Results shows that the proposed estimators based on Adnan et al. (2014) perform generally better than the existing ones

The 2001 ECOWAS Supplementary Protocol on Democracy in Light of Recent Developments in the Sub-Region of Africa

This article, sourcing data from documentary sources and adopting descriptive and historical methods of data analysis, examines the most comprehensive and ambitious of the West African statesmen’ attempts at regionalizing democracy—the 2001 Supplementary Protocol on Democracy and Good Governance. Specifically, it assesses member states’ performance with regard its provisions, in the light of contemporary realities. It argues that this framework and its precursors, when viewed against the background of their emergence, are another defensive strategy by West African leaders, in concert with the ‘development’ partners, to disguise the contradictions in the sub-region’s democratization process. It concludes that what Africa needs, to ensure peace and stability is a model of democracy that guarantees inclusiveness and popular participation in development policies

Design and Implementation of a Virtual Machine Video Conferencing Application

Videoconferencing today is faced with the challenge of limited number of participants per time, and also the need for large and fully equipped conference rooms. This might not be a problem to a large enterprise, but for the small to medium-sized business, access to a videoconferencing facility involves either a very costly rental fee or is completely impossible. The aim of this work is to design and implement a videoconferencing prototype (OpenMeeting) with added functionalities which will solve problems facing the traditional way of conducting meetings

Automation and Easy Accessibility of Medical Services in Nigeria (ICT and Medicine)

The Internet and Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures are transforming the future of healthcare management. The cost of healthcare delivery systems, products, and services continue to rise unabated, especially in Nigeria – a developing nation that needs technology transfer. Knowledge is one of the crucial resource and precondition to strengthen health systems. Access to knowledge has large impact on health system management and up to date patient care. The great challenges lie in the optimal utilization of rapid spreading information and communication systems (ICTs) and innovative applications such as telemedicine and e-health. Telemedicine is the practice of diagnosis, consultation and treatment between physicians and distant patients through the use of telephone and computers that transmit data for remote television viewing and treatment from a distance. The concept of telemedicine is a dream to come through in Nigeria, but if developed and taken right to the community hospitals, it can prove to be very beneficial, especially in giving timely treatment to wounded soldiers or plague patients, as a majority of the specialists prefer being stationed at big urban centers, with the rural populace being the real sufferer. Modern health information systems are a requisite for efficient and equitable resource allocation. Moreover, the Internet has pushed networking technology into the mainstream and it is without doubt the most important network, both in terms of technology advances and social impact, in the world. However, telemedicine provides a cost effective means of technological transfer both machine and expatriate advice through ICT connectivity.

Improving Prioritized Handover Performance for Mobile WiMAX by Dynamic Guard Channel Allocation and RSS Quality Factor

In cellular communication, guard channel has been used to provide priority to ongoing call traffic crossing cell boundaries in handover process but the major concern is that most guard channel allocation scheme are fixed channels. System congestion problems arising from traffic pattern in the real world is another major concern relating to fixed allocation of guard channels let alone the huge traffic that will emanate from user mobility in the envisaged converged traffic of 4G networks. Hence, dynamic guard channel (DGC) allocation based on traffic intensity or channel utilization of each traffic type was used in this research and it reduced the new call blocking probability better than the fixed prioritized guard channel (PGC) and non-prioritized channel allocation scheme. Its performance in terms of call dropping probability reduction is comparable with the PGC and slightly better off at poor signal condition. It was revealed that DGC averaged QoS better than the existing channel assignment schemes. An investigation into the RSS quality factor (QF) proposed also, showed that at high quality RSS the blocking and dropping probability of the traffic were reduced for the Mobile WiMAX wireless technology network with mobile assisted handover