Rising popularity of injectable contraceptives in sub-Saharan Africa

Injectable contraceptives are fast becoming the method of choice among married women in sub-Saharan Africa. In several countries in the region, the proportion of women using injectable methods has surpassed the proportion of women using the pill. This is true even in some countries where the pill had been the most popular modern method in the 1980s and 1990s. This paper analyzes data from six sub-Saharan African countries that have participated four or more times in the Demographic and Health Surveys program to investigate recent increases in prevalence of injectable contraceptives and identify factors that drive the increase. It discusses the programmatic implications of this trend for the region, especially in terms of contraceptive security and sustainability

Profile Analysis of Mobile Application Security

ABSTRACT This thesis conducts profile analysis on the mobile application security using peer-review articles that were published from 2010 to 2018. From the analysis, we will identify prolific authors, intuitions, and geographic regions as well as the topics addressed by the articles. The profile analysis will reveal most frequently used research methods, research approaches (quantitative, qualitative and mixed), and theories used to study the field. This thesis reveals that none of the researchers have made significant contributions to the field, and researches are not collaborating to solve their research problems. The profile analysis shows that surveys and experiments are the most utilized research methods, and most researchers studied the field at a higher level, i.e., security was the focus of the research but did not go deeper into various aspects of security such as privacy, security vulnerabilities, and mobile application security best practices

Nigerian University Quality: Why the Hero Fails

This paper was designed to take an in-depth look into the establishment and practices of university education in Nigeria from 1960 to 2015, to investigate the reality of what caused Nigerian university education to gradually decline. The paper takes a critical realist approach to review the relevant literature in the field, and forming a base from which to answer the question of ‘why the hero fails\u27. Three major questions are raised, but not answered, in this paper, as three other papers focus solely on answering these questions. They are; where have things gone wrong? Where are things going wrong? and where may things continue to go wrong? This paper is particular about identifying areas where things are happening within the university sector. The findings reveal that not only is the quality of education declining, but human thinking on tasks, involvement/pro-activeness, and funding are also declining, a major reason why Nigerians ignorantly give way to corrupt practices, which slip in like wolves and continue to evolve the system

Tectonic environments and rare metal mineralization in pegmatites of Komu Area, Southwestern Nigeria

The discrimination diagrams: Rb versus Nb +Y and Nb versus Y, and Th/Ta ratio combined with field observations and empirical information from the literature were used to infer the tectonic environments and sources of the rare metal mineralization in the pegmatites of Komu area, southwestern Nigeria. The discrimination diagrams show that the pegmatites were mainly emplaced in tectonic environments similar to those of syn-collisional granites (Syn COG) and within plate granites (WPG). Volcanic arc environment was not pronounced. The emplacement of the pegmatites was structurally controlled by the predominantly Northeast (NE)– Southwest (SW) and North northeast (NNE)-South southwest (SSW) fault systems that were developed during the Pan-African orogeny. The upwelling of the mantle at the beginning and faulting systems associated with the active and closing stages of the Pan-African orogeny elevated rare metals from the mantle to higher crustal levels where they were incorporated into the pegmatitic fluids. The Th/Ta ratios of less than 1.00 which resemble that of the oceanic ridge tectonic environment is attributable to the upwelling of mantle material. The variation in the tectonic environments of the pegmatites may be attributed to the long span of the Pan-African orogeny (750-450 Ma).KEY WORDS: Komu. Nigeria. Pegmatites. Rare metals. Tectonic environments

Some causes of mortalities in captive wild animals in Ibadan, Nigeria: a retrospective study

A retrospective study was conducted to determine the number of mortalities in wild animal species kept at University of Ibadan zoologicalgarden, Agodi zoological garden, Ibadan and wild animals kept in private homes in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria between 2007 and 2012. Causes of death were determined during post mortem examination at MokolaVeterinary Hospital, lbadan and the University of lbadan Veterinary Teaching Hospital. A total ofrzz deathswere reported during the study period. Annual increases in mortalities were reported while majority of the deaths occurred during the rainy season. There was a significant positive correlation between monthly mortalities and average monthly rainfall for Ibadan (r=0.62, P<0.05). The highest mortalities were reported in avians (29.13%),followed by reptiles (27.56%), primates (16.53%), carnivores (13.39%), rodents and ruminants (each with 6.30%) and porcine (0.79%), Causes of mortalities were unknown in more than 17%of the cases. The known major causes include, injuries (23.62%), Gastroenteritis/helminthosis (14.96%),invasion by soldier ants (9.45%), transportation stress (8.66%), old age (7·87%), malnutrition (6.30%), paralysis (3.15%), drowning (2.36%) and others (6.32%). To achieve significant reduction in mortalities ofcaptive wild animals, managers of zoological gardens should adopt proper housing and feeding, routine vaccination, deworming, hygiene and sanitation and seek prompt veterinary attention wben animals are sick.KEY WORDS: Wild animals, Mortalities, Injuries, zoo

Lineament studies of rocks in Omifunfun area, southwestern Nigeria: Remote sensing and petrologic observations

Omifunfun area is situated in the southern part of Ife-Ilesa Schist Belt of the basement complex of southwestern Nigeria. The study area is  traversed by the Ifewara Fault Zone which divides the area into east-west with contrasting lithologies that have been variously mylonitized. To the east, is quartzite and to the west migmatite gneiss which are intruded by prophyritic granites. The objective of this study is to delineate deformation linear structures from Landsat imageries over the study area, and attempt to correlate the information with microtectonic structures and field observations with the aim of better understanding the geologic terrain. Lineaments were extracted from Landsat images covering Omifunfun area. The analysis of these lineaments indicates low density in three prominentorientations corresponding to 0000–0350 and 0600–0900 with minor northwest-southeast structures. The most prominent of these directions is the 0000–0350 which incidentally include mylonite and mineral lineations within the Ifewara Fault system. Microtectonic observations reveal  analogous results with three prominent foliation directions. The dominant one strikes in the same direction with the same Ifewara mylonitic foliation. These directions correspond to two major planar surfaces S1 and S2 and were respectively produced during two episodes of deformation (D1 andD2).KEYWORDS: Ifewara Fault Zone, Lineament, Microtectonic Structures, Mylonitization, Remote Sensin

Deregulation: the Effect of Market-led Approach to Nigerian Universities Management

This paper examines the effects of market-led approach Nigeria universities management concept deregulation from a market-led point of view to evaluate its effect on the management of university education in Nigeria. From many debates and argument put forward on the discussion of deregulation, it is very clear that deregulation policy was introduced for the purpose of enhancing productivities of public sectors or government-owned establishment. The establishment of deregulation policy has created opportunities for different individuals and groups to participate or take ownership of some public sectors in the quest for providing better services and making profits.  However, widens the gap in knowledge about whether or not taking ownership of public sector business has generated profit or not. This paper is desk research and intends to review issues unturned in the past literature on how deregulation has now suddenly become a market-led approach to the Nigerian Universities Management. The paper revealed that Nigerians are keen on getting the best quality education irrespective of how the education systems are put up to be achieved. Likewise, the government has not been able to deregulate any of the public universities they owned rather university provisions have been commercialized and extended to private individuals

Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel Test for Repeated Tests of Independence: An Application in Examining Students’ Performance

From the result of graduate of ten departments in Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin for 2011/2012 academic session, data on final cumulative grade point average (Final Grade); department (ten departments of the faculty); age at entry (below or 20 years and above 20 years) and sex (male and female) are analyzed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics. Odds of a student graduating with Second Class Upper and above (0.5270) is about half of graduating with Second Class Lower and below. This implies that the final grade is approximately symmetrical about two groups. The first group are those with Second Class Lower and below (Low Grade) while the other is for those with Second Class Upper and above (High Grade). Breslow-Day and Tarone’s statistics show that the null hypothesis of homogeneity of odds ratio across the departments is not rejected for both age at entry and sex. This implies that the odds ratio across the ten departments (relating to age at entry & final grade and sex & final grade) are all equal. Cochran’s and Mantel-Haenszel statistics reveals the final grade of students (Low Grade or High Grade) is not associated with both sex and age students at entry. The odds in favour of a student whose age is less than 20 years graduating with Low Grade (Pass, Third Class, and Second Class Lower) is 0.865 while it is 0.670 for male students graduating with lower grade. Keywords: Test of Independence, Students’ Performance, Cochran-Mantel-Haensze

On Some Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Household Sanitation in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Different sanitation programmes introduced by government at various levels are ill-conceived and are abandoned prematurely due to numerous attitudinal, institutional and economic factors. This study examines the relationship of some socio-economic factors and house sanitation in Ado-Ekiti. Using simple bar chat and Chi-Square test of independence, the research reveals that though there seems to be variations among various socio-economic classes in relation to waste household sanitation technique, the relationship is found not to be statistically significant. It is therefore concluded that the general attitude of resident of Ado-Ekiti towards household sanitation and waste disposal is indifferent. Hence, the government and various non-governmental organizations involved in environmental sanitation and its impact should not relent in their effort in sensitizing the general public irrespective of their social and economic status.   Key words: household sanitation, social status, chi-squar