What medium? What message? Smoking education for teenagers

It would seem fairly safe to say that an important purpose of schools is to transmit messages; by their very nature they are in an advantageous position to do this. Schools have captive audiences as Dreeben (1970) states, though he is careful to point out that the children may not be in all cases an audience of captives, yet most could be classed as 'victims of institutionalised education' (Gammage 1982). Many secondary teachers particularly may well feel that they have much in common with prison warders for, after all, apart from prisons which have a selective intake, schools are the only institutions where all individuals are compulsorily incarcerated for part of their lives - an estimated 15,000 hours in the United Kingdom. The extent to which schools function in the transmission of messages in the broadest sense has been the subject of much discussion in the last two decades particularly and in spite of the gloomy picture that emerged from the Coleman report (1966) subsequent findings have been much more optimistic. Schools DO make a difference.peer-reviewe

Isolation and amino acid sequence analysis of a 4,000-dalton dynorphin from porcine pituitary

A 4,000-dalton dynorphin was isolated from porcine pituitary. It has 32 amino acids (Mr = 3,986), with the previously described heptadecapeptide (now called dynorphin A) at its amino terminus and a related tridecapeptide, dynorphin B, at its carboxyl terminus. The two peptides are separated by the "processing signal" Lys-Arg

Convergence between the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and diagnostic interview for the assessment of alcohol craving.

IntroductionThe Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) is one of the most widely used instruments to measure craving for alcohol. Recent research has suggested that scores on the PACS can be used as a "stand in" for the diagnostic criterion of alcohol craving with a proposed cutoff of >20 on the PACS indicating a "positive" alcohol craving symptom. The present study examined the convergence between the PACS and face-to-face diagnostic interview for the assessment of alcohol craving.MethodA sample of non-treatment seeking heavy drinkers (N = 338) enrolled in experimental studies of AUD completed the PACS as well as a face-to-face diagnostic interview for AUD, which included the craving item from the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA).ResultsUsing the PACS cut-off score of >20, 12.9% (N = 43) of the sample met criteria for alcohol craving compared to 21% (N = 74) of the sample meeting criteria based on the diagnostic interview. Using the PACS cutoff of >20, sensitivity (i.e., true positive rate) was 41% and specificity (i.e., true negative rate) was 95%. Exploratory analyses suggested that a cut-off score of ≥15 achieved the optimal balance of sensitivity (67%) and specificity (81%) in our sample.ConclusionsAdvancing the assessment of alcohol craving and the conversion from DSM-IV to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria represents an important research direction. The present study recommends that a PACS score cut off of ≥15 should be used as an indicator of clinically significant alcohol craving in community samples of non-treatment seekers

O adolescente e o uso de drogas

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psicobiologia Unidade de Dependência de DrogasUniversidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Atenção ao Uso de DrogasUNIFESP, Depto. de Psicobiologia Unidade de Dependência de DrogasSciEL

Alkoholismus und Drogenmißbrauch im Film und im Fernsehen : Drogen / Medien ; eine Bibliografie

In die folgende Liste sind Hinweise von Martin Abraham eingegangen