Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Stunting Pada Balita Di Pekanbaru

Stunting is the nutritional status that befalls children whose height or length is below -2.0 standard deviation (SD) if a comparison is made to the population average. Insights that parents have regarding the symptoms, the effects that arise, including the prevention of stunting can be a determinant of their attitude in maintaining health so that stunting can be prevented. If the insight is good, parents' awareness of the urgency of handling stunting will be visible. This awareness will lead to health behavior, especially regarding stunting prevention, for example through fulfilling nutrition for pregnant women, nutrition for children, maintaining sanitation in the home environment, including a clean and healthy lifestyle. This study used a descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. Where research measures or observes variable data only once at a time. The sample in this study were mothers who had toddlers aged 0-5 years, there were 65 mothers with toddlers. The aim of the researcher is to identify the description of mother's knowledge about stunting in toddlers. The results showed that the average age of 65 respondents who were mothers of toddlers who lived in Pekanbaru was the late adult age of 20-35 years, which was 75.4%. high school education with a total of 66.2%. And most mothers of toddlers do not work with a total of 66.2, sufficient knowledge about stunting in toddlers with a total of 46.1%. The recommended suggestion for further research is to develop research with a cross-sectional research design in order to further identify the relationship between the sub-variables of the characteristics of mothers having toddlers in relation to knowledge of stunting in toddlers.Stunting ialah status gizi yang menimpa anak yang tingginya atau panjang badannya di bawah -2.0 standar deviasi (SD) bila dilakukan perbandingan pada rata-rata populasi. Wawasan yang orang tua miliki perihal gejala, efek yang muncul, termasuk penanggulangan stunting bisa menjadi penentu sikap mereka dalam menjaga kesehatan agar stunting bisa tercegah. Bila wawasannya bagus, rasa sadar orang tua perihal urgensinya penanganan stunting akan bisa terlihat. Kesadaran itu akan memunculkan perilaku kesehatan, utamanya perihal pencegahan stunting, contohnya lewat pemenuhan zat gizi pada ibu hamil, gizi para anak, penjagaan sanitasi lingkungan rumah, termasuk pola hidup bersih dan menyehatkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan adalah metode desktiptif dengan pendekatan cross- sectional. Dimana penelitian melakukan pengukuran atau observasi data variable hanya satu kali pada satu saat. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki balita dari usia 0-5 tahun yang ada sebanyak 65 orang ibu balita. Tujuan peneliti yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran pengetahuan ibu tentang stunting pada balita. Hasil penelitian didapatkan Rerata Usia dari 65 responden yang merupakan ibu balita yang tinggal di pekanbaru adalah usia dewasa akhir 20-35 tahun sebanyak 75,4%. berpendidikan SMA dengan jumlaah 66,2%. Dan ibu balita sebagian besar tidak bekerja dengan jumlah 66,2, pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai stunting pada balita dengan jumlah sebanyak 46,1%. Saran yang direkomendasikan untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah mengembangkan penelitian dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional agar dapat mengidentifikasi lebih jauh hubungan antar subvariabel karakteristik ibu memiliki balita dalam kaitannya dengan pengetahuan stunting pada balita

Cooperatives, Commerce, and Climate Change: The Future of Small-Scale Coffee Production in Peru

Responding to the looming question: what is the future of small-scale crop production in a changing climate a global market, this research presents coffee cultivation as a case study in social, economic, and environmental sustainability. I propose presenting a poster and associated paper with research results and future recommendations

To Conserve or Consume? The Impact of Natural Protected Areas on the Food Security of Indigenous Communities in the Peruvian Amazon

Are environmental conservation and the preservation of indigenous lifestyles mutually exclusive? Often assumed to be universally beneficial, national parks and reserves intended to protect expansive biodiversity hotspots may have unexpected, negative impacts on the indigenous communities that traditionally rely upon them for food and subsistence living

Block turbo codes : towards implementation

International audienceThis paper presents two implementations of the same block turbo decoding algorithm : on the one hand an elementary decoder in association with a sequencer performs the complete turbo decoding process, and on the other hand, the circuit contains one elementary decoder per half-iteration. The choice of different parameters for each algorithm implemented bring the results more or less close to the theoretical limit. We briefly describe the iterative process which creates the "turbo" effect and explain the essential choices in order to adapt the algorithm to an ASIC implementation

New Media, Visual Consumption, and Scopophilia: The Use of YouTube by Male as Means of Escapism

Uses and gratifi cation theory stated that audiences have media-related needs and they will use media actively and rationally to satisfy those needs. Does this also apply to new media? According to Ruggeiro (2000) new media has some characteristic that is interactivity, demassifi cation, and asynchroniety. Lister et al. (2003) also found some characteristics of new media which are digital, interactive, hyper-textual, virtual, networked, and simulated. Therefore, conceptually, the ability of audiences to use new media to satisfy their needs will be greater because they can choose more freely what to do with new media in accordance with their needs. One of the audience’s motivations in media use is to escape from routine activities. Eye is the most used sense in new media consumption and Freud (1910) says that seeing activity will produce visual pleasure (scopophilia). However, Mulvey (1989) says that visuality is gendered so whenever a male use their eyes to see female body, they will do what is called by Mulvey as ‘male gaze’ which is seeing activity that put female as sexual object of male visuality. YouTube is a site that presents so many video contents that can be selected by the audiences to watch. This paper examines how ‘male gaze’ is performed as visual consumption on YouTube as means of escapism

Sensitivity Determination in the CHIPS Neutrino Detector

Through neutrino detection, we strive to provide constraints on various neutrino properties such as $\delta_{CP}$ and mass hierarchy. Neutrinos are difficult to detect and require large neutrino detectors with appropriate conditions to determine $\delta_{CP}$. While several neutrino experiments strive to constrain $\delta_{CP}$, additional detectors are necessary to further constrain these parameters. We present a computational model to determine detector sensitivity towards measuring unknown oscillation properties. This model focused on the CHIPS neutrino detector, a low-cost experiment designed to test detector technologies while providing to the wealth of information on neutrino properties. Sensitivity constraints are presented for $\Delta m^{2}$, $\sin^{2}{(2\theta_{23})}$, and $\delta_{CP}$ at the CHIPS detector

Role of informal institutions in Ready-to-Use-Food (RUF) supply chains in Ethiopia

Ready-to-Use food (RUF) product are nutrient dense foods given to individuals that are suffering from acute malnutrition. Currently 5.8 million children suffer from malnutrition in Ethiopia and the timely and efficient delivery of ready-to-use food products has a significant impact on the lives of these children. However, challenges exist in both the local and international production and delivery of RUF products. One of the challenges is the high transaction costs that exist in the supply chains. Transaction costs are the costs associated with searching for information regarding a product or its market, negotiating a deal and enforcing the terms of the deal. In situations where transaction costs are high due to missing or weak markets and institution, people have relied on different mechanisms including social capital (trust and information sharing) to deal with these costs and carry out business and transactions. The purpose of the study is to examine the role institutions, in particular informal institutions, play in addressing these challenges and improving the supply chain for Ready-to-use food products and chickpea marketing (which is a potential ingredient in new RUF formulations). The institutions examined in this study are mainly the non-market institutions like trust and information sharing that build social capital. Data was collected through surveys and interviews from RUF supply chain actors in Ethiopia. These include chickpea producers, RUTF producers, major demanders (humanitarian organizations and governments), transporters, beneficiaries (feeding centers and hospitals). These agents’ use of informal institutions and trust level during transactions with each other is assessed. Interviews with key informants in the value chain in Ethiopia were conducted to further inform the analysis of institutions in supply chain organization and identify areas of high transaction cost. The transaction costs that are present in the supply chains were further identified through focus group discussions with farmers and a farmer survey. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze these data. The structure equation model (SEM) was used to quantitatively analyze the data obtained from farmer survey. The study also found that trust between trading partners reduces the time farmers spent negotiating price with buyers. Trust between trading partners also increased the marketed surplus of farmers. Information sharing among trade partners positively affects trust between partners. The study finds that institutions facilitate chickpea marketing through improving trust and information sharing among trading partners. The results indicate that membership in informal institutions strengthens the trust and information sharing between trading partners and this in turn reduces the transaction costs associated with chickpea trade. In addition, the current performance of the RUF supply chain in Ethiopia is found to be relatively efficient with some issues in the availability of local and imported inputs and the failure to comply with quality standards. These results imply that existing, informal institutions in developing countries can be as effective as formal institutions so effort should be put towards their development and improvement. The RUF supply chain can also be further improved by increasing the capacity of local manufacturers to increase production and their capacity to adhere to quality standards. Stabilizing input markets to make inputs to RUF production more consistently available will also improve the production capacity and improve the price and accessibility of RUF products

A low-complexity soft-decision decoding architecture for the binary extended Golay code

International audienceThe (24, 12, 8) extended binary Golay code is a well-known rate-1/2 short block-length linear error-correcting code with remarkable properties. This paper investigates the design of an efficient low-complexity soft-decision decoding architecture for this code. A dedicated algorithm is introduced that takes advantage of the code’s properties to simplify the decoding process. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves close to maximum-likelihood performance with low computational cost. The decoder architecture is described, and VLSI synthesis results are presented

Women empowerment and skilled birth attendance in sub-Saharan Africa: A multi-country analysis

Introduction: In 2017, the highest global maternal deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The WHO advocates that maternal deaths can be mitigated with the assistance of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) at childbirth. Women empowerment is also acknowledged as an enabling factor to women’s functionality and healthcare utilisation including use of SBAs’ services. Consequently, this study investigated the association between women empowerment and skilled birth attendance in SSA. Materials and methods: This study involved the analysis of secondary data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 29 countries conducted between January 1, 2010, and December 3, 2018. For this study, only women who had given birth in the five years prior to the surveys were included, which is 166,022. At 95% confidence interval, Binary Logistic Regression analyses were conducted and findings were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Results: The overall prevalence of skilled birth attendance was 63.0%, with the lowest prevalence in Tanzania (13.8%) and highest in Rwanda (91.2%). Women who were empowered with high level of knowledge (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.51, 1.71), high decision-making power (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.23), and low acceptance of wife beating had higher likelihood of skill birth attendance after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. Women from rural areas had lesser likelihood (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.51–0.55) of skilled birth attendance compared to women from urban areas. Working women had a lesser likelihood of skilled birth attendance (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.88–0.94) as compared to those not working. Women with secondary (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 2.03–2.22), or higher education (OR = 4.40, 95% CI = 3.81–5.07), and women in the richest wealth status (OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 3.29–3.73) had higher likelihood of skilled birth attendance. Conclusion: These findings accentuate that going forward, successful skilled birth attendant interventions are the ones that can prioritise the empowerment of women