Introduction

Horizon 2020(H2020)683194Middle Eastern Studie

Effectiveness of Community Police Officer (Bhabinkamtibmas) Training Program in “SPN Polda NTT” to Improve Security and Public Order in “Polres Kupang Kota” Jurisdiction: A Case of Indonesia

Objective of this study was to describe and analyze effectiveness of community police officer (Bhabinkamtibmas) training program in “SPN Polda NTT” in order to improve security and public order in “Polres Kupang Kota” jurisdiction. The study used qualitative approach and the design was case study. The study was conducted in “Sekolah Polisi Negara (SPN) Polda NTT” and “Polres Kupang Kota” jurisdiction. The focus was effectiveness of community police officer (Bhabinkamtibmas) training program to improve security and public order and the sub-focus were (1) quality of service and (2) satisfaction. The data analysis method was Miles and Huberman (2009)’s analysis. Triangulation was the technique used in validity testing.The finding showed that based on the instructors and the community police officers and public satisfaction, the training program in “SPN Polda NTT” worked effectively to improve security and public order in “Polres Kupang Kota” jurisdiction. Keywords: training program, community police officer, Indonesi

Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency: A Disease Comprising Mucopolysaccharidosis, Sphingolipidosis, and More Caused by a Defect in Posttranslational Modification.

Schlotawa L, Adang LA, Radhakrishnan K, Ahrens-Nicklas RC. Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency: A Disease Comprising Mucopolysaccharidosis, Sphingolipidosis, and More Caused by a Defect in Posttranslational Modification. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;21(10):3448.Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD, MIM #272200) is an ultra-rare disease comprising pathophysiology and clinical features of mucopolysaccharidosis, sphingolipidosis and other sulfatase deficiencies. MSD is caused by impaired posttranslational activation of sulfatases through the formylglycine generating enzyme (FGE) encoded by the sulfatase modifying factor 1 (SUMF1) gene, which is mutated in MSD. FGE is a highly conserved, non-redundant ER protein that activates all cellular sulfatases by oxidizing a conserved cysteine in the active site of sulfatases that is necessary for full catalytic activity. SUMF1 mutations result in unstable, degradation-prone FGE that demonstrates reduced or absent catalytic activity, leading to decreased activity of all sulfatases. As the majority of sulfatases are localized to the lysosome, loss of sulfatase activity induces lysosomal storage of glycosaminoglycans and sulfatides and subsequent cellular pathology. MSD patients combine clinical features of all single sulfatase deficiencies in a systemic disease. Disease severity classifications distinguish cases based on age of onset and disease progression. A genotype- phenotype correlation has been proposed, biomarkers like excreted storage material and residual sulfatase activities do not correlate well with disease severity. The diagnosis of MSD is based on reduced sulfatase activities and detection of mutations in SUMF1. No therapy exists for MSD yet. This review summarizes the unique FGE/ sulfatase physiology, pathophysiology and clinical aspects in patients and their care and outlines future perspectives in MSD

Researching the use of force: The background to the international project

This article provides the background to an international project on use of force by the police that was carried out in eight countries. Force is often considered to be the defining characteristic of policing and much research has been conducted on the determinants, prevalence and control of the use of force, particularly in the United States. However, little work has looked at police officers’ own views on the use of force, in particular the way in which they justify it. Using a hypothetical encounter developed for this project, researchers in each country conducted focus groups with police officers in which they were encouraged to talk about the use of force. The results show interesting similarities and differences across countries and demonstrate the value of using this kind of research focus and methodology

The Vascular Endothelium in Patients with Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever

BACKGROUND: Dengue fever is the most serious consequence of mosquito-borne infection worldwide. The pathophysiology of DHF in human is complex, which involve endothelial cell activation and impaired endothelial barrier leading to plasma leakage triggering the activation of the haemostatic system. The increased vascular permeability may lead to hypovolemia, hypotension and shock, which is life-threatening. AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of dengue haemorrhagic fever on the vascular endothelium. METHODS: Fifty patients (males 34, females 16), were recruited, Grade 1 (n = 41), Grade 2 (n = 6), Grade 3 (n = 2) and Grade 4 (n = 1) DHF. Blood sampling was performed at the febrile, defervescence and convalescent phases for the determination of haemoglobin, haematocrit, platelets, prothrombin fragment F1 + 2, Von Willebrand Factor (VWF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and D-dimer levels. Fifteen normal subjects were recruited to serve as normal controls. RESULTS: The patients aged between 4 and 54 years old. Grades 1 & 2 DHF showed no significant differences in the parameters studied. However, thrombocytopenia, elevated F1 + 2, VWF, VEGF and D-dimer levels were evident in febrile, defervescence and convalescent phases suggesting endothelial activation and plasma leakage. Pleural effusion was observed only in severe DHF. The three patients with Grades 3 and 4 DHF had similar study results. No mortality was recorded in the study. CONCLUSION: In dengue haemorrhagic fever, the vascular endothelium is activated, causing plasma leakage triggering the activation of the haemostatic system creating a hypercoagulable and enhanced fibrinolytic state evident by marked fibrinolysis

Technical efficiency evaluation of colorectal cancer care for older patients in Dutch hospitals

BACKGROUND: Preoperative colorectal cancer care pathways for older patients show considerable practice variation between Dutch hospitals due to differences in interpretation and implementation of guideline-based recommendations. This study aims to report this practice variation in preoperative care between Dutch hospitals in terms of technical efficiency and identifying associated factors. METHODS: Data on preoperative involvement of geriatricians, physical therapists and dieticians and the clinicians’ judgement on prehabilitation implementation were collected using quality indicators and questionnaires among colorectal cancer surgeons and specialized nurses. These data were combined with registry-based data on postoperative outcomes obtained from the Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit for patients aged ≥75 years. A two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach was used to calculate bias-corrected DEA technical efficiency scores, reflecting the extent to which a hospital invests in multidisciplinary preoperative care (input) in relation to postoperative outcomes (output). In the second stage, hospital care characteristics were used in a bootstrap truncated regression to explain variations in measured efficiency scores. RESULTS: Data of 25 Dutch hospitals were analyzed. There was relevant practice variation in bias-corrected technical efficiency scores (ranging from 0.416 to 0.968) regarding preoperative colorectal cancer surgery. The average efficiency score of hospitals was significantly different from the efficient frontier (p = <0.001). After case-mix correction, higher technical efficiency was associated with larger practice size (p = <0.001), surgery performed in a general hospital versus a university hospital (p = <0.001) and implementation of prehabilitation (p = <0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed considerable variation in technical efficiency of preoperative colorectal cancer care for older patients as provided by Dutch hospitals. In addition to higher technical efficiency in high-volume hospitals and general hospitals, offering a care pathway that includes prehabilitation was positively related to technical efficiency of hospitals offering colorectal cancer care

Cost-effectiveness of a multicomponent primary care program targeting frail elderly people

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Catheter-related bacteremia due to Kocuria rosea in a patient undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

BACKGROUND: Micrococcus species may cause intracranial abscesses, meningitis, pneumonia, and septic arthritis in immunosuppressed or immunocompetent hosts. In addition, strains identified as Micrococcus spp. have been reported recently in infections associated with indwelling intravenous lines, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis fluids, ventricular shunts and prosthetic valves. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on the first case of a catheter-related bacteremia caused by Kocuria rosea, a gram-positive microorganism belonging to the family Micrococcaceae, in a 39-year-old man undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation due to relapsed Hodgkin disease. This uncommon pathogen may cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. CONCLUSIONS: This report presents a case of Kocuria rosea catheter related bacteremia after stem cell transplantation successfully treated with vancomycin and by catheter removal

Effects of Dementia-Care Mapping on Residents and Staff of Care Homes:A Pragmatic Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of dementia-care mapping (DCM) for institutionalised people with dementia has been demonstrated in an explanatory cluster-randomised controlled trial (cRCT) with two DCM researchers carrying out the DCM intervention. In order to be able to inform daily practice, we studied DCM effectiveness in a pragmatic cRCT involving a wide range of care homes with trained nursing staff carrying out the intervention. METHODS: Dementia special care units were randomly assigned to DCM or usual care. Nurses from the intervention care homes received DCM training and conducted the 4-months DCM-intervention twice during the study. The primary outcome was agitation, measured with the Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory (CMAI). The secondary outcomes included residents’ neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) and quality of life, and staff stress and job satisfaction. The nursing staff made all measurements at baseline and two follow-ups at 4-month intervals. We used linear mixed-effect models to test treatment and time effects. RESULTS: 34 units from 11 care homes, including 434 residents and 382 nursing staff members, were randomly assigned. Ten nurses from the intervention units completed the basic and advanced DCM training. Intention-to-treat analysis showed no statistically significant effect on the CMAI (mean difference between groups 2·4, 95% CI −2·7 to 7·6; p = 0·34). More NPSs were reported in the intervention group than in usual care (p = 0·02). Intervention staff reported fewer negative and more positive emotional reactions during work (p = 0·02). There were no other significant effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our pragmatic findings did not confirm the effect on the primary outcome of agitation in the explanatory study. Perhaps the variability of the extent of implementation of DCM may explain the lack of effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Dutch Trials Registry NTR2314