Marshall Stability of Porous Asphalt with Oyster Shell Ash Filler Substitution and High Density Polyethylene

Abstrak Aspal porus merupakan campuran beraspal yang memiliki rongga udara yang besar yang menyebabkan aspal porus memiliki nilai stabilitas yang rendah. Untuk meningkatkan nilai stabilitas diperlukan bahan tambah lain yang memiliki potensi seperti limbah Abu Cangkang Tiram (OSA) dan limbah High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). OSA mempunyai sifat kimia yang mengandung kapur dan silika yang berfungsi untuk keawetan dan mengunci antar agregat pada perkerasan jalan. Sedangkan HDPE memiliki kekuatan yang tinggi dan kaku serta perilaku untuk mengikat sehingga dapat memperkuat ikatan antara agregat dan OSA dan menambah perkuatan terhadap campuran aspal porus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan Kadar Aspal Optimum (OAC) pada campuran aspal porus, dan menganalisis variasi persentase terbaik OSA dan limbah HDPE sebagai substitusi aspal pen 60/70. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah pemeriksaan terhadap parameter Marshall. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi filler 50% OSA : 50% PC dengan 4%, 6% HDPE dapat meningkatkan nilai stabilitas Marshall pada campuran aspal porus serta memenuhi spesifikasi Australian Asphalt Pavement Association (AAPA). Kata kunci: aspal porus, marshall, abu cangkang tiram, HDPE   Abstract Porous Asphalt is the asphalt mix containing large air void resulting low stability of porous asphalt. The improvement of stability requires another potential additive material as Oyster Shell Ash (OSA) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) waste. OSA contains of chemical characteristics consisting of calcium and silica for durability and locking the aggregate and road pavement. While HDPE is rigid, high strength, and binder that it can strengthen the bond of aggregate and OSA as well as strengthen porous asphalt mix. The research aims to determine OAC to porous asphalt mix, and analyze the best percentage variation of OSA filler substitution and HDPE waste as asphalt pen 60/70 substitution. The test was carried out was Marshall Parameter investigation. The output explained that the variation of 50% OSA filler: 50% PC using 4%, 6% HDPE can improve the Marshall stability on porous asphalt mix and meet specification of Australian Asphalt Pavement Association (AAPA).   Keywords: Porous asphalt, marshall, oyster shell ash, HDP

Disaster Vulnerability Assessment of Low-Cost Houses in Java Island

Among all of the Indonesian islands, Java poses the highest risk for all types of disasters, making it a significant threat to low-cost houses due to its high population vulnerability. The objective is to enhance comprehension of it by conducting a building typology analysis concerning various natural hazards/ risks. The methodology consists of 10 sample houses field observation, AutoCAD drawing, literature analysis, and built environment expert interviews. The results developed four categories of houses emphasising brick or timber walls with a combination of clay tile or zinc roofs. Related to disaster vulnerability, an improper building structure is the main problem. Smooth roof material is significant in a volcano eruption, a complete interconnection of structure is a must for the tornado, light materials are preferable in an earthquake zone, natural material is not recommended for high risk of forest fire, and elevating floor is mandatory in flooding. Focus on designing the four categories’ houses and quality control of the construction process are two strategies recommended. Also, a minimum of two types of disasters in the area should be considered in the design. Resilient low-cost houses will have an impact on reducing casualties, environmental damage, and economic losses. Covering more samples and areas in Java in future studies will provide a comprehensive understanding of low-cost houses

The Alternative of Drainage Construction Technology Selection by Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method

Abstract: The drainage channel is one of the complementary buildings on the road segment in requiring one of the technical requirements for road infrastructure. The road drainage channels in general are open channels using gravity to drain surface water or inundation to the channel. The distribution of flow in the drainage channel to this channel follows the contours of the highway so that the water will flow easily following gravity. The Several alternatives selection of drainage development technologies include elbow drainage, parallel, grid iron, natural and radial. The problem found that some factor considered in selection the right technology are the construction budget, construction period, material supply, and construction process affecting the selection process become complicated. The purpose of this study is to determine the dominant criteria required in considering the selection of drainage construction technology in Banda Aceh and to determine the proper alternative using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. After distributing questionnaires to 16 respondents, the research found that the dominant criterion is the construction period as the score of 0.66. According to the respondents, the construction period become the most vital criteria since the assessment of criteria variable relate to the limitation in complete all drainage proposed. This study founds that the best alternative in selecting drainage construction technology is "parallel drainage" as the score is 4.96. Therefore, this study recommends the use of "parallel drainage" as a priority in the drainage construction Banda Aceh by considering construction budget, construction period, material supply and construction process.Abstrak: Saluran drainase merupakan salah satu bangunan pelengkap pada ruas jalan dalam memenuhi salah satu persyaratan teknis prasarana jalan. Pada umumnya saluran drainase jalan merupakan saluran terbuka yang menggunakan gaya gravitasi untuk mengalirkan air limbah ke outlet. Distribusi aliran di saluran drainase ke outlet ini mengikuti kontur jalan raya sehingga air limbah akan lebih mudah mengalir secara gravitasi. Beberapa alternatif pemilihan teknologi pembangunan drainase antara lain adalah drainase elbow, parallel, gridiron, natural dan radial. Persoalannya, beberapa faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam memilih teknologi yang tepat, biaya pembangunan, waktu konstruksi, ketersediaan material, dan proses pembangunan sehingga pilihan menjadi rumit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kriteria dominan yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pemilihan teknologi pembangunan drainase di Kota Banda Aceh dan menentukan alternatif yang tepat melalui metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Setelah menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 16 responden, penelitian menemukan bahwa kriteria yang dominan adalah waktu pengerjaan dengan bobot tertinggi (0,66). Menurut responden, waktu konstruksi merupakan kriteria yang paling penting karena keterbatasan dalam menyelesaikan seluruh usulan pembangunan drainase perlu dipertimbangkan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa alternatif terbaik dalam memilih teknologi pembangunan drainase adalah “drainase paralel” yang memperoleh nilai kinerja tertinggi sebesar 4,96. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penggunaan “drainase paralel” sebagai prioritas dalam pembangunan drainase di Kota Banda Aceh dengan pertimbangan biaya, waktu konstruksi, ketersediaan material, dan proses pembangunan

PENYAKIT INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT (ISPA) DIWILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS LHOKNGA DAN SIMPANG TIGA KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan angka mortalitas dan morbiditas tertinggi di dunia. Penelitian terdahulu telah mengkonfirmasi hubungan karakteristik rumah dengan kejadian ISPA. Namun di lokasi penelitian, belum ditemukan studi yang melaporkan temuan serupa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik rumah dengan kejadian ISPA. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Cross-sectional. Populasi adalah pasien yang berkunjungan ke Puskesmas Lhoknga dan Puskesmas Simpang Tiga pada bulan Juli-Oktober 2020 berjumlah 5,220 orang. Sampel sebanyak 132 responden, yaitu responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-square pada tahapan bivariat dan uji regresi logistik berganda pada tahapan multivariat. Penelitian ini menemukan proporsi kejadian ISPA di lokasi penelitian sebesar 54,55%. Faktor karakteristik rumah yang konsisten berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA adalah kondisi atap rumah (OR:16,7; p-value: 0,001), kelembaban di dalam rumah (OR: 12,1; p-value: 0,001) dan suhu di dalam rumah (OR:7,3; p-value: 0,004). Sementara itu, kualitas udara tidak konsisten berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian ISPA (OR: 5,6; p-value: 0,141). Determinan utama penyebab kejadian ISPA adalah kondisi atap rumah yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan kesehatan. Sedangkan kelembaban dan suhu di dalam rumah juga merupakan determinan penting kejadian ISPA. Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan dapat memberikan edukasi terkait penyebab kejadian ISPA, khususnya berkaitan dengan kondisi rumah dan kelembaban di dalam rumah

Analisis Stigma Terhadap Penderita Gangguan Mental Dikalangan Mahasiswa D-III Keperawatan

Stigma is a situation in which giving someone else a slave that unwittingly demean someone who has been socially discredited. During this time when students see or meet people with mental disorders, they are still afraid and they call the mental disorders people as a crazy man. Stigma can cause people with mental disorders to feel ashamed, blame themselves, despair, and reluctant to seek or receive help. This type of research is analytic descriptive using a cross sectional study design. The sample of this research is the D-III Nursing Banda Aceh students and the Nursing Students at Academy Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh, Data collection was conducted on 06-12 February 2020. Then the data were analyzed by univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi square test, and multivariate analysis with using logistic regression test. The results showed that the stigma of Nursing D-III students was high for people with mental disorders (59.11%) and there was a relationship between triggering factors and student stigma. Trigger factors based on stereotypes (p = 0.001), blame (p = 0.001), prejudice (p = 0.001), authoritarianism (p = 0.001), lack of awareness (p = 0.001) and social judgment (p = 0.007). The factors that showed the most significant relationship were stereotypes (p = 0.001 OR 4.44), prejudice (p = 0.001 OR 37.20) and authoritarianism (p = 0.001 OR 6.20). It can be concluded that Nursing D-III students still have a high stigma towards people with mental disorders and they are expected to increase their understanding of mental disorders. Also the education management needs to improve scientific activities or training that are more focused on mental disorders. if the stigma can not be removed, especially on students or health workers in general, it will be very difficult to reduce the number of people with mental disorders (recovered)

Analisis Stigma Terhadap Penderita Gangguan Mental Dikalangan Mahasiswa D-III Keperawatan

Stigma is a situation in which giving someone else a slave that unwittingly demean someone who has been socially discredited. During this time when students see or meet people with mental disorders, they are still afraid and they call the mental disorders people as a crazy man. Stigma can cause people with mental disorders to feel ashamed, blame themselves, despair, and reluctant to seek or receive help. This type of research is analytic descriptive using a cross sectional study design. The sample of this research is the D-III Nursing Banda Aceh students and the Nursing Students at Academy Iskandar Muda Banda Aceh, Data collection was conducted on 06-12 February 2020. Then the data were analyzed by univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi square test, and multivariate analysis with using logistic regression test. The results showed that the stigma of Nursing D-III students was high for people with mental disorders (59.11%) and there was a relationship between triggering factors and student stigma. Trigger factors based on stereotypes (p = 0.001), blame (p = 0.001), prejudice (p = 0.001), authoritarianism (p = 0.001), lack of awareness (p = 0.001) and social judgment (p = 0.007). The factors that showed the most significant relationship were stereotypes (p = 0.001 OR 4.44), prejudice (p = 0.001 OR 37.20) and authoritarianism (p = 0.001 OR 6.20). It can be concluded that Nursing D-III students still have a high stigma towards people with mental disorders and they are expected to increase their understanding of mental disorders. Also the education management needs to improve scientific activities or training that are more focused on mental disorders. if the stigma can not be removed, especially on students or health workers in general, it will be very difficult to reduce the number of people with mental disorders (recovered)

QUICK EVALUATION OF POST-TSUNAMI RELIEF HOUSES IN ACEH AS INPUT FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

Of all the provinces or cities in Aceh, Banda Aceh as the capital is the area most severely damaged by the earthquake and tsunami in 2004. After more than 15 years of being inhabited, the feasibility (quality) of the aid housing is clearly visible. The purpose of this short evaluation is as initial data in a long-term plan to measure the satisfaction of residents of the post-tsunami relief houses. The evaluation was carried out in Meuraxa District where the death toll reached 92.72%. At random, 5 houses from various aid donors were taken as samples. The evaluation method is qualitative through interviews with residents to find out their satisfaction. The results of the study found that in general, the residents were satisfied with the assisted house but there were several aspects that became dissatisfied, such as bedroom/bathroom area which is too small, no kitchen, poor quality of materials, and construction. The results of this evaluation can be used as initial data for more in-depth research, and also input for local governments to find out the condition of the aid housing after 15 years of being occupied

Typology of post-disaster relief houses in Palu and Sigi, Central Sulawesi

It has been five years since the earthquake disaster followed with tsunami, liquification, and landslide in 2028 in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. There are several varieties of house designs due to different type of disasters, locations, and donors. This study objective is to collect the house designs and evaluate it through typology analysis. Qualitative approached was conducted by field observation to redraw the house and taking pictures for analysis. Total five types of relief houses observed from all the different types of disaster. Most of them are grounded with 36m2 size except one stilt house size is 72m2. The house including two bedrooms and one bathroom but no kitchen. As part of the government innovation of earthquake resistant house named “RISHA”, it is compulsory to use it if the reconstruction source was government fund. From five houses sample, three of them used RISHA while the rest are RIKO and the other one is using conwood panel wall. The main problem found in this house is sustainability issue. As most of the relief house cannot extend using the same structure and materials. Designed for one story only, it is challenging for them to add space with limited land

Pengaruh pemberian obat anti tuberkulosis dengan vitamin D terhadap perubahan BTA pada penderita tuberkulosis paru di Kabupaten Pidie

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem, Indonesia had the second rank of the case in the world after India which is the fourth cause of death. Giving vitamin D together with anti-tuberculosis drugs can increase healing proses because vitamin D (anti-microbial immunomodulators) kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Objectives: This study aims to measure the effect of giving anti-tuberculosis drugs with vitamin D on changes in AFB in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: This study was used a quasi-experiment design, pre-test and post-test control group was doing at 25th March – 25th July 2019. This research has been conducted in Pidie Regency. The intervention group (17 samples with tuberculosis drugs) was given Softgels vitamin D 5000 IU for 4 months, while the control group was only anti-tuberculosis drug therapy. The data were analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests at a significance level of 95%.Results: Before the intervention, the BTA status of both the intervention and control group was similar (p= 0.061). After the intervention, there was a decrease in AFB interactions (p= 0.000). There was a decrease in the contribution of AFB in the control group before with after intervention (p= 0.000). There are those who support (p= 0.033) giving vitamin D the acceleration of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. Conclusion: It is better to administer vitamin D to the successful treatment of pulmonary TB in patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis drug therapy