Antiferromagnetic spin Seebeck effect across the spin-flop transition: A stochastic Ginzburg-Landau simulation

We investigate the antiferromagnetic spin Seebeck effect across the spin-flop transition in a numerical simulation based on the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation for a bilayer of a uniaxial insulating antiferromagnet and an adjacent metal. By directly simulating the rate of change of the conduction-electron spin density s in the adjacent metal layer, we demonstrate that a sign reversal of the antiferromagnetic spin Seebeck effect across the spin-flop transition occurs when the interfacial coupling of s to the staggered magnetization n of the antiferromagnet dominates, whereas no sign reversal appears when the interfacial coupling of s to the magnetization m dominates. Moreover, we show that the sign reversal is influenced by the degree of spin dephasing in the metal layer. Our result indicates that the sign reversal is not a generic property of a simple uniaxial antiferromagnet, but controlled by microscopic details of the exchange coupling at the interface and the spin dephasing in the metal layer

Purely excitonic lasing in ZnO microcrystals: Temperature-induced transition between exciton-exciton and exciton-electron scattering

Since the seminal observation of room-temperature laser emission from ZnO thin films and nanowires, numerous attempts have been carried out for detailed understanding of the lasing mechanism in ZnO. In spite of the extensive efforts performed over the last decades, the origin of optical gain at room temperature is still a matter of considerable discussion. In this work, we show that a ZnO film consisting of well-packed micrometer-sized ZnO crystals exhibits purely excitonic lasing at room temperature without showing any symptoms of electron-hole plasma emission, even under optical excitation more than 25 times above the excitonic lasing threshold. The lasing mechanism is shifted from the exciton-exciton scattering to the exciton-electron scattering with increasing temperature from 3 to 150 K. The exciton-electron scattering process continues to exist with further increasing temperature from 150 to 300 K. Thus, we present distinct experimental evidence that the room-temperature excitonic lasing is achieved not by exciton-exciton scattering, as has been generally believed, but by exciton-electron scattering. We also argue that the long carrier diffusion length and the low optical loss nature of the micrometer-sized ZnO crystals, as compared to those of ZnO nanostructures, plays a key role in showing room-temperature excitonic lasing

Risk factors for HPV infection and high-grade cervical disease in sexually active Japanese women

Funding Information: This work was supported by the Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant [26272001] and the Japanese Agency for Medical Research and Development [JP15ck0106103].Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Bivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness in a Japanese Population : High Vaccine-Type-Specific Effectiveness and Evidence of Cross-Protection

Acknowledgments.  We thank Dr Tomomi Egawa-Takata, Dr Akiko Morimoto, Dr Yusuke Tanaka, Ms Asami Yagi, Ms Yuka Watanabe, Ms Sachiko Ono, Ms Anna Ishida, and the administrators of Niigata, Nagaoka, Shibata, Sanjo, Joetsu, and Mitsuke cities for their support in conducting the survey. Financial support. This work was supported by the Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant (26272001) and the Japanese Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under grant number JP15ck0106103 and JP17ck0106369.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

单一蔬菜膳食含量作为脂肪替代物的饱腹感等效性 : 一项在日本女性中的随机试验

Background: Although high energy density foods are highly palatable, their overconsumption leads to obesity because of high fat content. Low energy density foods are more effective for preventing individuals from becoming overweight.We investigated how different amounts of a single vegetable affect the sensory properties of meals with different energy densities. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 40 young Japanese women consumed controland high-fat (HF) lunches. Control meals contained the same amount of rice and hamburger and 80 g (C80), 120 g (C120), 160 g (C160), 200 g (C200), 240 g (C240), or 280 g (C280) of broccoli. HF meals were control meals to which 38.1 g of oil was added (HF80, HF120, HF160, HF200, HF240, and HF280). Sensory propertiesbefore intake and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h after meals were assessed using a visual analog scale. Results: Fullness was significantly lower with C80 than with C200 and C280 at 0.5 h and all time points, respectively, after consumption. In contrast, satisfaction with all HF meals was similar at all time points. Fullness and satisfaction were higher with almost all HF meals than withcontrol meals; however, fullness and satisfaction were similar between HF200 and all control meals 1–4 h after consumption. Conclusions: Fat increases satiety when a single vegetable is included in the meal; however, at least of 200 g of vegetable in a 500-kcal meal with low fat content provides fullness and satisfaction similar to those provided by an HF meal