Sobre una figurita de Harpócrates hallada en Galicia

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Impact of sound levels on physiological and consciousness state of cardiovascular patients

This research received specific grants from the Regional Ministry of Health and Families, Government of Andalusia. Reference: PIGE-0462-2019. Principal investigator: Morales-Cané I/Reference: PI-0360-2017. Principal investigator: López-Soto PJ.ETHICS STATEMENT The project was approved by the reference research ethics committee (Act no. 277, reference 3878) and carried out in accordance with the ethical principles established in the Declaration of Helsinki on Human Rights and Biomedicine, as well as the Spanish legislation on personal data protection.Background Patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs) experience life-threatening medical conditions but some external factors in ICUs do not help or even adversely affect and complicate their evolution. Among others, such factors include noise pollution due to alarms and medical clinical equipment, as well as the activities of the health care personnel themselves. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the influence of elevated sound levels on physiological variables and the consciousness state of patients treated in a cardiovascular area in an ICU. Design A longitudinal study with several observations was carried out during 1 month in the cardiovascular area of an ICU of a third-level hospital in southern Spain. Methods Sound levels were monitored in different work shifts and patients' physiological data and consciousness status were recorded. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were developed to detect the variability of the sound levels together with the vital parameters of the patients in the ICU. Results Thirty-eight patients were included. The mean sound level was 54.09 dBA. The GAMM sound levels analysis showed a significant increase in sound levels from 4:30 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. (1.83 dBA; P < .001) and 8:00 p.m. to 11:30 p.m. (3.06 dBA; P < .001). An increase in heart rate (3.66 bpm; P < .001), respiratory rate (2.62 rpm; P < .001) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (0.50 units; P = .002) was detected during the 4:30 p.m.–8:30 p.m. period. Conclusions Elevated sound levels in cardiovascular ICUs seem to influence positively the physiological and consciousness status of patients. Given the importance of the findings for patient safety, future intervention studies are recommended. Relevance to Clinical Practice The finding of this study could translate into structural changes in ICU facilities, as well as the development of clinical practice guidelines that influence the behaviour of health care professionals.Regional Ministry of Health and Families, Government of Andalusia. Reference: PIGE-0462-201

Changes in plasma susceptibility to lipid peroxidation and vitamin C in preterm and full-term neonates

Introduction: This study was designed to compare the plasma lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in preterm and full-term neonates and their respective mothers, to assess their relationship with the degree of oxidative stress and the levels of vitamin C, an important antioxidant of the body. Material and methods: The studied groups included 70 neonates, 30 preterm (24-36 weeks of gestation) and 40 full-term (37-42 weeks) neonates. Blood samples were obtained from the cord blood in neonates and from the antecubital vein in their mothers at the time of delivery. Plasma susceptibility to LPO was fluorometrically measured before and after its incubation with 2,2'-azobis-2- amidinopropane hydrochloride (AAPH). Plasma vitamin C level was measured by HPLC. Results: The basal LPO levels were similar in all groups of patients. After AAPH incubation, however, plasma LPO significantly (P<0.0001) increased in all groups, although maternal plasma (full-term, 6.62±0.14 and preterm, 8.76±0.03 mmol/l) showed higher (P<0.001) levels of LPO than their respective babies (full-term, 5.11±0.03 and preterm, 7.74±0.15 mmol/l). AAPH-induced LPO was higher in both maternal and preterm neonates’ plasma than in full-term ones (P<0.001). Vitamin C levels were similar in maternal plasma of both groups, but preterm neonates showed higher levels than full-term ones (171.65±9.38 vs. 118.25±2.75 mmol/l respectively, P<0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest that the preterm group was more prone to LPO than the full-term group, whereas vitamin C was not correlated with the degree of oxidative stress.This work was partially supported by grants G03/137, PI02/1447 and PI03/0817 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, and CTS-101 from Consejería de Educación, Junta de Andalucía, Spain

EEG activity represents the correctness of perceptual decisions trial-by-trial

Performance monitoring is an executive function, which we depend on for detecting and evaluating the consequences of our behavior. Although event related potentials (ERPs) have revealed the existence of differences after correct and incorrect decisions, it is not known whether there is a trial-by-trial representation of the accuracy of the decision. We recorded the electroencephalographic activity (EEG) while participants performed a perceptual discrimination task, with two levels of difficulty, in which they received immediate feedback. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to reveal two components that convey trial-by-trial representations of the correctness of the decisions. Firstly, the performance monitoring-related negativity (PM-N), a negative deflection whose amplitude is higher (more negative) after incorrect trials. Secondly, the performance monitoring-related positivity (PM-P), a positive deflection whose amplitude is higher after incorrect trials. During the time periods corresponding to these components, trials can be accurately categorized as correct or incorrect by looking at the EEG activity; this categorization is more accurate when based on the PM-P. We further show that the difficulty of the discrimination task has a different effect on each component: after easy trials the latency of the PM-N is shorter and the amplitude of the PM-P is higher than after difficult trials. Consistent with previous interpretations of performance-related ERPs, these results suggest a functional differentiation between these components. The PM-N could be related to an automatic error detection system, responsible for fast behavioral corrections of ongoing actions, while the PM-P could reflect the difference between expected and actual outcomes and be related to long-term changes in the decision process

Relationship Between Salivary Melatonin and Severity of Periodontal Disease

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141566/1/jper1533.pd

Composición de melatonina o sus derivados con coenzima q10 y su uso contra el envejecimiento de la piel

Número de publicación: ES2394245 B2 . Número de solicitud: 201231849.Composición de melatonina o sus derivados con coenzima Q10 Y su uso contra el envejecimiento de la piel. La presente invención se refiere a una composición que comprende melatonina, metabolito o derivado de la misma y coenzima Q10 Y su uso para la elaboración de una composición cosmética o farmacéutica para el tratamiento de la piel, ya que esta composición potencia la entrada de ambas moléculas en la mitocondria y facilita una absorción transdérmica, pudiendo alcanzar tanto la melatonina como la CoQ1O todos los estratos de la piel.Universidad de Granad

iMS-Bmal1−/− mice show evident signs of sarcopenia that are counteracted by exercise and melatonin therapies

This study was partially supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the grants PI19‐01372 and CB/10/00238 (co‐funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund “Investing in your future”); the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía (CTS‐101), Spain. José Fernández‐Martínez is supported by an FPU fellowship from the Ministerio de Educación, Spain; Yolanda Ramírez‐Casas has a PFIS fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Paula Aranda‐Martínez has a fellowship from grant no. P18‐RT‐698, and Alba López‐Rodríguez has a fellowship from grant no. P18‐RT‐3222, from the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía.Sarcopenia is an age-related disease characterized by a reduction in muscle mass, strength, and function and, therefore, a deterioration in skeletal muscle health and frailty. Although the cause of sarcopenia is still unknown and, thus, there is no treatment, increasing evidence suggests that chronodisruption, particularly alterations in Bmal1 clock gene, can lead to those deficits culminating in sarcopenia. To gain insight into the cause and mechanism of sarcopenia and the protective effect of a therapeutic intervention with exercise and/or melatonin, the gastrocnemius muscles of male and female skeletal muscle-specific and inducible Bmal1 knockout mice (iMS-Bmal1−/−) were examined by phenotypic tests and light and electron microscopy. Our results revealed a disruption of the normal activity/rest rhythm, a drop in skeletal muscle function and mass, and increased frailty in male and female iMS-Bmal1−/− animals compared to controls. A reduction in muscle fiber size and increased collagenous tissue were also detected, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and a compensatory shift towards a more oxidative fiber type. Electron microscopy further supports mitochondrial impairment in mutant mice. Melatonin and exercise ameliorated the damage caused by loss of Bmal1 in mutant mice, except for mitochondrial damage, which was worsened by the latter. Thus, iMS-Bmal1−/− mice let us to identify Bmal1 deficiency as the responsible for the appearance of sarcopenia in the gastrocnemius muscle. Moreover, the results support the exercise and melatonin as therapeutic tools to counteract sarcopenia, by a mechanism that does not require the presence of Bmal1.Ministerio de Educación, Spain P18‐RT‐3222, P18‐RT‐698Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucíanstituto de Salud Carlos III: CB/10/00238, PI19‐01372 ISCIIIEuropean Regional Development Fund ERDFJunta de Andalucía CTS‐10

Synthesis and iNOS/nNOS inhibitory activities of new benzoylpyrazoline derivatives

Producción CientíficaA series of new Δ2-pyrazoline derivatives has been synthesized by means of a 1,3-dipolar-cycloaddition reaction. Ethyl 3-(5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoyl)-Δ2-pyrazoline-5-carboxylate (5a) has been designed for the formation of the benzoylpyrazoline system present in these derivatives. Two synthetic routes have been utilized changing the starting products in the cycloaddition reaction. In both routes, the majority product obtained was only a Δ2-pyrazoline. The intermediate ethyl 1-acyl-3-(2-nitrobenzoyl-5-substituted)-Δ2-pyrazoline-5-carboxylate derivatives have been transformed into the final compounds by means of several chemical treatments. The compounds have been biologically evaluated as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), showing better affinity towards the inducible NOS isoform than versus neuronal NOS

Review Insights into the Role of Plasmatic and Exosomal microRNAs in Oxidative Stress-Related Metabolic Diseases

A common denominator of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes Mellitus, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, are elevated oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. These complex, multi-factorial diseases are caused by the detrimental interaction between the individual genetic background and multiple environmental stimuli. The cells, including the endothelial ones, acquire a preactivated phenotype and metabolic memory, exhibiting increased oxidative stress, inflammatory gene expression, endothelial vascular activation, and prothrombotic events, leading to vascular complications. There are different pathways involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, and increased knowledge suggests a role of the activation of the NF-kB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome as key mediators of metabolic inflammation. Epigenetic-wide associated studies provide new insight into the role of microRNAs in the phenomenon of metabolic memory and the development consequences of vessel damage. In this review, we will focus on the microRNAs related to the control of anti-oxidative enzymes, as well as microRNAs related to the control of mitochondrial functions and inflammation. The objective is the search for new therapeutic targets to improve the functioning of mitochondria and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, despite the acquired metabolic memoryCIBER-Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-(CB16/10/00238Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónGrant of the FUNDACIÓN EUGENIO RODRIGUEZ PASCUAL (ERP-2021),Call 2021, Spai