Predictive multiple sampling algorithm with overlapping integration intervals for linear wide dynamic range integrating image sensors

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-170).This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Machine vision systems are used in a wide range of applications such as security, automated quality control and intelligent transportation systems. Several of these systems need to extract information from natural scenes in the section of the electromagnetic spectrum visible to humans. These scenes can easily have intra-frame illumination ratios in excess of 10⁶ : 1. Solid-state image sensors that can correctly process wide illumination dynamic range scenes are therefore required to ensure correct reliability and performance. This thesis describes a new algorithm to linearly increase the illumination dynamic range of integrating-type image sensors. A user-defined integration time is taken as a reference to create a potentially large set of integration intervals of different duration (the selected integration time being the longest) but with a common end. The light intensity received by each pixel in the sensing array is used to choose the optimal integration interval from the set, while a pixel saturation predictive decision is used to overlap the integration intervals within the given integration time such that only one frame using the optimal integration interval for each pixel is produced. The total integration time is never exceeded. Benefits from this approach are motion minimization, real-time operation, reduced memory requirements, programmable light intensity dynamic range increase and access to incremental light intensity information during the integration time.(cont.) The algorithm is fully described with special attention to the resulting sensor transfer function, the signal-to-noise ratio, characterization of types and effects of errors in the predictive decision, calculation of the optimal integration intervals set given a certain set size, calculation of the optimal number of integration intervals, and impact of the new algorithm to image data compression. An efficient mapping of this algorithm to a CMOS process was done by designing a proof-of-concept integrated circuit in a 0.18[mu]m 1.8V 5-metal layer process. The major components of the chip are a 1/3" VGA (640 x 480) pixel array, a 4bit per pixel memory array, an integration controller array and an analog-to-digital converter/correlated double sampled (ADC/CDS) array. Supporting components include pixel and memory row decoders, memory and converter output digital multiplexers, pixel-to-ADC/CDS analog multiplexer and test structures. The pixels have a fill factor of nearly 50%, as most of the needed system additions and complexity were taken off-pixel. The prototype is fully functional and linearly expands the dynamic range by more than 60dB.by Pablo M. Acosta-Serafini.Ph.D

A locally-adaptive imager

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-154).by Pablo M. Acosta Serafini.M.S

A 1,000 Frames/s Programmable Vision Chip with Variable Resolution and Row-Pixel-Mixed Parallel Image Processors

A programmable vision chip with variable resolution and row-pixel-mixed parallel image processors is presented. The chip consists of a CMOS sensor array, with row-parallel 6-bit Algorithmic ADCs, row-parallel gray-scale image processors, pixel-parallel SIMD Processing Element (PE) array, and instruction controller. The resolution of the image in the chip is variable: high resolution for a focused area and low resolution for general view. It implements gray-scale and binary mathematical morphology algorithms in series to carry out low-level and mid-level image processing and sends out features of the image for various applications. It can perform image processing at over 1,000 frames/s (fps). A prototype chip with 64 × 64 pixels resolution and 6-bit gray-scale image is fabricated in 0.18 μm Standard CMOS process. The area size of chip is 1.5 mm × 3.5 mm. Each pixel size is 9.5 μm × 9.5 μm and each processing element size is 23 μm × 29 μm. The experiment results demonstrate that the chip can perform low-level and mid-level image processing and it can be applied in the real-time vision applications, such as high speed target tracking

Nuevas formas de aprender en red

El objetivo general del proyecto fue identificar cambios en las prácticas didáctico-pedagógicas innovadoras de las y los docentes de escuelas públicas de Areguá a partir de la incorporación de estrategias de aprendizaje apoyadas en medios tecnológicos.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Encuentros que abren paso al descubrimiento, al deseo, a la palabra : Proyecto Prácticas didáctico-pedagógicas innovadoras en escuelas públicas

El Proyecto se orientó a generar procesos de reflexión y aprendizaje sobre las prácticas pedagógicas, en diálogo con otras propuestas filosófico-pedagógicas. Buscó también dar vida a procesos de co-construcción e implementación de propuestas didáctico-pedagógicas innovadoras en escuelas públicas.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI